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1、重大危险源辨识 GB 18218-2000发布时间:2000-9-11 范围 本标准规定了辨识重大危险源的依据和方法。 本标准适用于危险物质的生产、使用、贮存和经营等各企业或组织。 本标准不适用于： a) 核设施和加工放射性物质的工厂，但这些设施和工厂中处理非放射性物质的部门除外； b) 军事设施； c) 采掘业； d) 危险物质的运输。2 引用标准:下列标准包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。在标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。GB12268-90 危险货物品名表3 定义本标准采用下列定义。3.1 危险物质
2、hazardous substance 一种物质或若干种物质的混合物，由于它的化学、物理或毒性特性，使其具有易导致火灾、爆炸或中毒的危险。3.2 单元 unit 指一个（套）生产装置、设施或场所，或同属一个工厂的且边缘距离小于500m的几个（套）生产装置、设施或场所。3.3 临界量 threshold quantity 指对于某种或某类危险物质规定的数量，若单元中的物质数量等于或超过该数量，则该单元定为重大危险源。3.4 重大事故 major accident 工业活动中发生的重大火灾、爆炸或毒物泄漏事故，并给现场人员或公众带来严重危害，或对财产造成重大损失，对环境造成严重污染。3.5 重大危
3、险源 major hazard installations 长期地或临时地生产、加工、搬运、使用或贮存危险物质，且危险物质的数量等于或超过临界量的单元。3.6 生产场所 work site 指危险物质的生产、加工及使用等的场所，包括生产、加工及使用等过程中的中间贮罐存放区及半成品、成品的周转库房。3.7 贮存区 store area 专门用于贮存危险物质的贮罐或仓库组成的相对独立的区域。4 重大危险源辨识4.1 辨识依据重大危险源的辨识依据是物质的危险特性及其数量。4.2 重大危险源的分类 重大危险源分为生产场所重大危险源和贮存区重大危险源两种。4.2.1 生产场所重大危险源 根据物质不同的特
4、性，生产场所重大危险源按以下4类物质的品名（品名引用GB12268-1990危险货物品名表）及其临界量加以确定。a) 爆炸性物质名称及临界量见表1。 b) 易燃物质名称及临界量见表2。 c) 活性化学物质名称及临界量见表3。 d) 有毒物质名称及临界量见表4。 4.2.2 贮存区重大危险源 贮存区重大危险源的确定方法与生产场所重大危险源基本相同，只是因为工艺条件较为稳定，临界量数值较大，具体数值见表1表4。4.3 重大危险源的辨识指标单元内存在危险物质的数量等于或超过表1、表2、表3及表4规定的临界量，即被定为重大危险源。单元内存在危险物质的数量根据处理物质种类的多少区分为以下两种情况：4.3
5、.1单元内存在的危险物质为单一品种，则该物质的数量即为单元内危险物质的总量，若等于或超过相应的临界量，则定为重大危险源。4.3.2单元内存在的危险物质为多品种时，则按下式计算，若满足下面公式，则定为重大危险源：式中： q1,q2.qn每种危险物质实际存在量，t。 Q1,Q2.Qn与各危险物质相对应的生产场所或贮存区的临界量，t。Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guid
6、ance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I
7、am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through the
8、se years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis. My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her co
9、nstant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into
10、 the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
