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1、哈耶克自由观评述 哈耶克自由观评述 【中文摘要】 本文在政治哲学的语境里,对哈耶克的自由观展开探讨,不仅仅是对哈耶克自由理路的一种梳理,更是在自由主义的问题背景下,思考哈耶克自由理论之独特路径的理论意义和潜力。在充分理解哈耶克自由概念的基础上,进入哈耶克基于解答如何追求和保障自由的问题而进行的整个理论的建构过程和内在逻辑。本文以自由主义的传统为线索,导引出哈耶克的自由概念。在此基础上着重论述哈耶克对“自由”和“自由权项”,以及“否定性自由”和“肯定性自由”的辨析,力求对哈耶克自由概念的内涵做出详尽的梳理。哈耶克的自由观是通过自由保障理论得以生发和延展的。哈耶克认为自由的保障必须依赖法治。本文首
2、先分析和阐述了法治的真正含义,并进一步阐发哈耶克意义上的法律构架,通过法律推导出正当行为规则,进而推导出正当行为规则所型构的自生自发秩序,而自由正是自生自发秩序存在的前提和基础。由此,哈耶克法治保障自由的理论被完整地演绎出来。在梳理自由概念、演绎自由保障理论的基础上,本文通过对哈耶克的宪政思想论述,进一步阐释哈耶克如何在现实层面通过真正的法治构架来保障自由。由现代法治国家“法治衰微”的现象入手引入话题,分析哈耶克对这些国家在法律实践过程中混淆“私.更多法”和“公法”现象的批判,揭示出现行宪政存在的问题和“法治衰微”的根源,同时引出了哈耶克化解法治危机的方法,即提出三层代议机构和五层权力机构的宪
3、政设想。对哈耶克自由理论的评论无法脱离自由主义的视角。本文探讨了哈耶克与自由主义的关系问题,梳理出自由主义历史发展脉络,深入论述了哈耶克自由理论在现代自由主义中的地位,着重论述了哈耶克自由思想对古典自由主义传统的传承与发展。哈耶克倾力复活古老的自由主义传统所应具有的意蕴,是一个“至死不悔的老辉格党人”。 还原【英文摘要】 This thesis studies Hayeks theory of liberty from the perspective of political philosophy. It aims explores not only the logic of Hayeks t
4、heory of liberty, but also the significance and potential that his logic of liberty has. With a full understanding of Hayeks liberty theory, the author maps the structure of Hayeks theory of liberty and the way that Hayek takes to protect liberty.The first section traces Hayeks liberty to classical
5、liberalism tradition. After this, the paper sort out the connotation of Hayeks concept of liberty in detail by elaborating the differences that Hayek tells between two series of concepts: “liberty” and “liberties”, “negative” and “positive” liberty.Hayeks view of liberty is spread by the issue of li
6、berty protection. Through exploring the relationship among the key elements such as law, the rule of just conduct, and spontaneous order, the second part of the paper summarizes the logic path of Hayeks belief, i.e., to protect liberty relies on the rule.更多 of law.On the basis of interpreting the th
7、eory of liberty protection, this paper further studies the way that Hayek takes to protect the liberty through a framework of constitutional government. Beginning with the topic of constitutional crisis toward which the modern legal states are stepping, the author analyzes Hayeks criticism on this p
8、henomenon which is caused by the confusion of “private” and “public” law in the course of legal practice. Finally, the paper takes Hayeks idea of new constitutional design as a guide to overcome the crisis.Any evaluation of Hayeks theory of liberty can not be made reasonably without taking the persp
9、ective of liberalism, being proud of which Hayek called himself an old Whig who devotes himself to revive the classical liberalism tradition. The last part of the paper discusses the relation between Hayek and liberalism and also the status of Hayeks liberty theory in the modern liberalism ideology.
10、 还原【中文关键词】 哈耶克; 自由; 法治; 自由主义 【英文关键词】 Hayek; liberty; the rule of law; Liberalism 【论文目录】摘要 4-6 Abstract 6-7 导言 10-14 (一) 研究缘起 10-12 (二) 文章的结构和思路 12-14 一、自由的概念:哈耶克对自由的论释 14-23 (一) 自由主义传统对哈耶克自由观的影响 14-18 1、个体自由 14-16 2、祛除强制的否定性自由 16 3、法律保障下的自由 16-18 (二) 哈耶克的自由概念 18-23 1、哈耶克自由概念的内涵 18-19 2、哈耶克对自有概念的澄清与发
11、展 19-23 二、自由的保障:法治 23-34 (一) 法治的真义 23-26 1、法治与自由 23-25 2、法治之法 25-26 (二) 自由社会的规则 26-29 1、内部规则和外部规则 26-27 2、法律与规则 27-29 (三) 自由社会的秩序 29-34 1、自发秩序与组织秩序 30-32 2、从规则到秩序 32-34 三、法治的“衰微”与复归:哈耶克的宪政设计 34-43 (一) 哈耶克对混淆“公法”与“私法”的批判 34-37 (二) 理想的模式:私法高于公法 37-39 (三) 哈耶克的宪政设计:以公法的形式来实施私法 39-43 四、哈耶克与自由主义 43-53 (一) 自由主义的历史演变 43-49 1、古典自由主义(Classical Liberalism) 44-45 2、新自由主义(New Liberalism) 45-47 3、新古典自由主义(Neo-liberalism) 47-49 (二) 哈耶克与自由主义:古典自由范式的回归 49-53 结束语 53-54 参考文献 54-58 致谢 58-59