《中国水产品质量与安全【外文翻译】.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中国水产品质量与安全【外文翻译】.doc（5页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、外文翻译原文 Quality and Safety of Aquatic Products in China Material Source: Sustainability in Food and Water An Asian Perspective Author: Wang Xi Chang Tao Cen Tao Ning Ping a nd Liu YuanAbstract: The quality and safety of aquatic products have attracted more and moreattention to all levels including fi
2、shery supervisor governors aquatic productsmanufactures and final consumers in recent years. The countrywide establishment ofHACCP and traceability system in China has gradually enhanced the security ofaquatic products across the whole production chain from aquaculture processingdistribution to cons
3、umption.Key words: Aquatic products HACCP quality safety traceability Background Supervised by Department of Fisheries under the Ministry of AgricultureChinese fisheries production has witnessed sustainable development. The output ofChinese aquatic products was up to 51 million tonnes in the year of
4、 2005 whichaccounted for over one-third of global fisheries production and China fishery hasplayed an important role in aquatic product trade of the world Wang 2005 2006. Itis noteworthy that the quality and safety of aquatic products became the mostimportant issues of food supply especially in Chin
5、a with the consumers increasingrequirements in the 21st century which include such factors as urgency of foodsecurity the rapid rhythm of life inhanced nutrition and health consciousness andthe diversifed consumption level and structure. Situation and Discussion In order to solve the serious bottlen
6、eck problems which influenced its domesticeconomic and social development China will give priority to technologicaldevelopment in the field of auqaculture from 2006 to 2020. According to the outlineof a national program the implementation will be focused on 11 major sectors asfollows: health and dis
7、ease control for aquatic production fine-processing anddeep-processing as well as modern storage and transportation for aquatic productscomprehensive exploration and utilization of biological resources of aquaculturalindustries development of environment-friendly farming food safety concerningimport
8、 and export inspection and quarantine prevention and quick responsemechanism to public emergencies. Abuse of import materials for auqacultureespecially pesticide and veterinary drugs is badly endangering the safety of aquaticproducts. More attention should be paid to the five prominent food safety i
9、ssues in Chinawhich are as follows: 1. Pollution occurs when the agri-products have been produced by individualfarmers during the cultivation process. 2. Small-scale private-owned and unorganized food manufactures poseunqualified sources of pollution. 3. Lacking effective facilities and management f
10、ood distribution doesntperform well in China. 4. Food security is relatively weak in rural areas compared with urban areas ofChina. 5. Food incidents occurring in China in recent years brought a bad reputation oninternational markets and it even led EU USA and other developed countries torestrict fo
11、od imports from China. To solve those bottleneck problems mentioned above encountered in fisheriesproduction and trading the processing and utilization of fisheries products might bethe critical measure to carry out. Chinas aquatic product processing industry madegradual new progress in 2004. More t
12、han 10 million tonnes of aquatic products wereprocessed or utilized as raw materials which account for over 35 of globalfisheries production. The frozen products whole fish block and fillet etc. were themajority of processing products while others included salty canned dressingproducts surimi and su
13、rimi-based products fish meal fish oil seaweed foodproducts seaweed chemical products marine healthy foods marine drugs leatherderived from fishskin cosmetic arts and crafts. Chinese aquaculture product industries developed rapidly with theimplementation of Chinese reform and opening up strategies i
14、ndicating a strongpotential to transfer trade benefits from comparative advantage to competitiveadvantage on the global market. Unstable quality of raw materials and productsresulted in a gap between China and developed countries and it was hard to meet theoverseas trade requirement for China. We sh
15、ould pay adequate attention to exploreand utilize the marine and freshwater biomass not only increase availability of abalanced supply to the market satisfy the needs of consumers but also promote thequality of processing products efficiently. Thus it is important for the Chinafisheries processing i
16、ndustry to make a great contribution to the global food supplyand to promote sustainable development of methods of developing new andvalue-added products enhancing product quality insuring food safety standardizingproduction etc. Chinese consumers have gradually become aware of the importance of foo
17、dsafety and quality although they are generally sensitive about the price. Nowadaysin some developed urban areas such as Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou and Shenzhenconsumers buy food products depending on the safety and quality first. They arewilling to pay more money in order to get quality and safety
18、guarantees. Thereforethe central government has implemented the Fangxinshipin safety guaranteed foodspolicy and claimed that only the food manufactured by designated processingfacilities are permitted to retail sales. The trend of aquatic products processing and utilization in China comprises thefol
19、lowing sectors: accomplish integral management for the production chain fromfarming processing storaging transporting to ratailing diversify the processingmethods manufacture products with good materials standardize the product qualitymechanism promote scientific management of production improve the
20、 processingtechnology with Chinese characteristics for aquatic products processing andutilization on large scales close network more information and market-oriented aswell. China also should make continued efforts to diversify varieties of aquaticproducts as follows: convenience seasoning before bei
21、ng frozen food forsupermarkets recreational food fast food microwave food baby/infant andgeriatric food functional food healthy food engineering foodimitation foodhealthy beverage and condiments etc. The advancement of modern science and technology optimization of distributionand marketing and globa
22、lization of economy all these factors make it possible tocombine traditional techniques with advanced technology in the future. In order tomeet global market demand it is farsighted for China to do research on health andnourishment of marine products to provide more professional and technical traini
23、ngto insure the safety and quality of aquatic products across the whole productionchain to increase utilization of aquatic products to strengthen each productsfunction and characteristic to select and breed suitable species as raw material andto promote new products on industrial-scale etc. China Ce
24、ntral Government and Department of Fishery promise to “spare noefforts” to enhance quality assessment and supervise aquatic product security assoon as possible. Nowadays there are many aquatic product quality and safetyinspecting centers located countrywide belonging to the general administration of
25、quality supervision inspection and quarantine Ministry of Agriculture or localgovernment in China respectively. A national scheme against the residues in aquaticproducts was carried out in the autumn of 2006 indicating that China has already setup a complete system of aquatic product quality monitor
26、ing. Table 1 shows theadminstrative ministries related to food safety affairs in China. Aquatic productprocessing factories are required to record the data of their daily production andmedicine dosage. Purchase and replenishment of raw materials also should berecorded and accept strict scrutiny. Owi
27、ng to the antibiotic residue restriction of other import countries China lost atleast 7 million US dollars in the year of 2006. For example traces ofchloramphenicol were detected in the shrimp and prawn samples exported fromChina. So it is crucial to promote formal training courses on proper dosage
28、of fishmedicine for Chinese fishermen. Food industries in China have made considerabledevelopment on adjusting their strategies in view of a market-orientation focusingon suitable raw materials and advanced manufacturing facilities so as to to meetconsumers demands for high quality safety. Suggestio
29、ns Based on the statements above it is practical and significant to make furtherresearch in the safety of aquatic product from production to circulation. Somesuggestions on improving quality and safety of aquatic products in China. Consolidate the Construction of HACCP Traceability and GAP System Sa
30、fety and quality of aquatic products should be ensured from the headstream.Firstly environmental protection should be intensified from origin including theestablishment and improvement of the inspecting network of aquatic products andstrict restriction on pollutants. More attention should be paid to
31、 formulatingenvironmental standards for the place of origin to develop general inspection of theenvironment especially on aquatic products production to take effective measuresfor decontaminating the agricultural and ecological environment and be strict withthe aquatic products quality and safety fr
32、om its headstream. Secondly we shouldstrengthen the management of the production process. Technical training should beinitiated for aquatic products producers and supervise them to obey the technicalrules of safe production and reduce the antibiotic residue as well. Thirdly thesupervision and manage
33、ment of aquatic products processing industry should beenhanced step by step. The enterprises should ensure their products quality andhealth safety and encourage them to take effective measures such as productionpermission and forcible inspection. Supervision of the law-enforcing and HACCPmethods and
34、 improvement of aquatic products safety in the chain of processing andcirculation also should be actively pursued. Strengthen the Supervision and Management of Aquatic Product Qualityand Safety Based on the construction of aquatic product quality and safety inspecting andtesting centers it is essent
35、ial to enhance the professional ability of inspectingpersonnel modernize the equipment and measures implement inspecting work inproducing bases wholesale markets agricultural trade markets and supermarkets.The aim is to form the aquatic products self-inspection system step by step developall-round q
36、uality and safety monitoring mechanism. Materials and producingprocess could be recorded and pollution could be supervised under control and eventhe whole aquatic products production could be inspected in case of any accident soas to ensure the quality and safety of aquatic product from its headstre
37、am. Improve the Integrity Mechanisms and Advertise the Fundamentality ofFood Security Considering the food industry on the long term an effective method is tointensify professional faculties as well as to encourage the institutions responsiblefor the food industry and other food safety groups to car
38、ry out more activities onadvertising. Associations of civil society organizations must play a supporting rolein the management of food safety. As the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010Shanghai World Expo draw near it is everyones duty to make more efforts toimprove the integrity mechanisms of the s
39、ociety and realize sustainable developmentin China.译文 中国水产品质量与安全 资料来源: Sustainability in Food and Water An Asian Perspective 作者：Wan g Xi Cha ng T ao C en Tao Ning Ping and Liu Yua n 摘要：近几年，水产品的质量和安全在不同层面上吸引了越来越多的重视，包括渔业在内的所有主管省长，水产品生产方和最终消费者。全国建立了 HACCP系统和追踪系统，中国已经逐渐提高加强了应对从养殖，加工，配送到消费的整个生产链水产品的安全性。
40、 关键词：水产品，HACCP 体系，质量，安全，可追溯性 背景 由渔业部门监管下，农业部在渔业生产中进行可持续发展。2005 年中国水产品产量达 5100 万公吨，其中占全球渔业生产超过三分之一，在渔业发展方面 ）。发挥了中国在世界的重要作用（王，2005 年水产品贸易的重要作用，2006 年值得注意的是， 在 随着中国日益增长的消费者的需求， 21 世纪水产品的质量和产品安全成为粮食供应的最重要问题，其中包括对粮食安全的意识，快速的生活节奏和紧迫性使人们更加注重营养和健康，消费水平和结构等因素。 形势与探讨 为了解决当下严重的瓶颈问题，加快国内经济和社会发展，2006 年至 2020年中国将
41、优先在该领域进行技术发展。根据国家规划纲要，实现将集中在 11个主要行业如下：保健和疾病控制水产品生产，精细加工和深加工以及现代存储和水产品综合开发和运输利用生物资源的水产养殖业，环境友好型农业的发展，食品安全有关进出口检验检疫，预防和快速反应机制，突发公共事件。尤其是农药和兽药的进口材料是严重危害滥用，水产品的安全。 更要注意的五个突出的中国食品安全问题，这些问题如下：1、在农业产品的生产过程中，通过农民个人产生的污染。2、小型，私人拥有和无组织的食品生产者不合格造成的污染来源。3、我国缺乏有效的设施和管理，粮食分配执行不良好。4、我国农村地区与城市地区相比，粮食安全是相对比较薄弱的。5、在
42、中国发生的食物事故，近年来在国际市场带来了不好的声誉，甚至导致欧盟，美国和其他发达国家限制从中国进口粮食。 解决上述这些在渔业生产和贸易加工，以及利用渔业产品中遇到的问题，关键是措施的实行。中国的水产品加工业在 2004 年逐步取得新的进展。超过1000 万吨的水产品加工或作为原料，占全球渔业利用生产比例超过 35。冰冻的产品（全鱼，块和圆角等）的加工产品是多数，而其他包括咸，罐头，酱制品，鱼糜和鱼糜为基础的产品，鱼粉，鱼油，海藻食品，海藻化工产品，海洋健康食品，海洋药物，从鱼皮，化妆品，工艺品衍生皮革。 中国水产养殖产品行业发展迅速，随着中国改革开放战略的实施，显示出强大的潜力，比较优势转移
43、到贸易利益在全球市场上的竞争优势。不稳定的原材料，和产品质量在中国与发达国家之间的差距，并造成了难以满足中国海外贸易的要求。我们应当充分注意发掘和利用海洋和淡水生物量，不仅增加了供求平衡的市场供应，满足消费者的需要，也是促进加工产品的质量效率。因此，它是中国重要的渔业加工业做出巨大的贡献，全球粮食供应，并促进对开发新的增值产品的方法，可持续发展，提高产品质量，确保食品安全，标准化生产等。中国消费者已逐渐成为食品安全和质量的重要性，虽然他们一般都对价格敏感。如今，在一些如北京，上海，广州和深圳发达的城市地区，消费者在购买食品的安全和质量第欢窃敢庵陡嗟那曰竦弥柿亢桶踩?（安全保证的食品）的政策，并
44、声称只证。因此，中央政府实施了“放心食品”有在指定的食品生产加工设施均不得零售。 水产品的加工和利用的趋势，中国包括以下方面：完成了从养殖，加工生产链中不可或缺的管理，贮藏，运输到零售多样化的处理方法；具有良好的材料制造的产品，规范产品质量的机制；促进生产科学管理，提高水产品加工与利用在大尺度，紧密的网络，更多的信息，以市场为导向，以及中国特色的加工技术。 中国还应该继续努力以分散水产品品种如下：方便（之前被冻结调味）食品超市，休闲食罚奖闶称罚称罚?婴儿和老年食品，功能性食品（健康食品） ，健康饮料，调味品等。现代科学和技术， ，工程食品（仿食品）分销和营销优化进步，经济全球化，所有这些因素使
45、得人们有可能在未来结合先进技术改造传统技术。为了满足全球市场需求，这是有远见的中国做健康和营养研究的海洋产品，为客户提供更专业和技术培训，以确保安全，贯穿了整个生产链的水产品质量，提高利用率水产品，以加强每个产品的功能和特点，选择和培育适宜树种为原料，并促进工业规模等新产品。 ，加强质量评估和监督，尽快水产 中国中央政府和渔业部承诺“不遗余力”品的安全性。如今，有许多水产品质量安全检查全国属于质量监督检验检疫总局位于中心，农业部或地方政府在中国，分别部。一项针对水产品中的残留物进行了国家计划在 2006 年秋天，这表明中国已建立了水产品质量监测的完整体系。表 1 显示了在中国有关食品安全事务的行政部门。水产品加工工厂必须记录他们的日常生产和药品用量的数据。原材料购买和补充也应记录并接受严格审查。 表 1 中国有关食品安全事务的行政部门 由于进口国对其他抗生素残留量的限制，中国失去了在 2006 年一年至少有7 万美元。例如，在检测氯霉素的痕迹，从中国出口的虾和对虾样品。所以关键是促进对鱼类中医药渔民适当剂量的正式训练课程。在中国食品工业已就调整以市场为导向的战略观点长足的发展，重点放在合适的原材料和先进的生产设备，以满足消费者对高品质安全的.
