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1、初中生英语阅读能力的培养 On the Cultivation ofEnglish Reading Abilityof Junior StudentsContents摘要1关键词1Abstract1Key Words1Introduction21. The Necessity of Improving Students Reading Comprehension32. Aspects of Developing Students Reading Ability32.1 Interest32.1.1 Proper Reading Materials42.1.2 Emotional Languag
2、e42.1.3 Appreciation from the Teacher52.1.4Various Activity Forms62.2Good Reading Habits62.2.1 Students Preliminary Reading Habit62.2.2 Limited Time Reading72.3 Strategies of Reading82.3.1 Vocabulary Improvement82.3.2 Acceleration of the Reading Speed.92.3.3Guessing the Meaning of Word10Conclusion11
3、Bibliography12Acknowledgements13摘 要：外语学科素质教育的核心问题是如何培养学生学习外语的能力。阅读对于学习语言的重要性是不言而喻的。它是提高外语能力的重要途径，也是英语学习的四个必要的技能之一。英语阅读是以英语为媒体进行交流和获取信息的最主要的形式。提高英语阅读能力是英语学习的一个目标，也是英语教学的一个重要任务。但是，阅读是大多数同学的薄弱环节。许多学生并不是真正的知道怎样读，他们还没有养成阅读的习惯，这就需要教师指导他们这样做。教师应该通过对学生基础知识和基本技能的训练，以提高学生的阅读能力。但是在阅读的教学中，传统的只注重语法讲解或以教师为中心的教学法依
4、然被广泛使用。随着教育改革的不断深入，阅读的教学应该注重提高学生的阅读技巧。学习习惯、阅读习惯、阅读水平是培养初中生阅读能力的主要途径。 关键词：初中生; 英语阅读; 能力培养Abstract:The nucleus problem of foreign language education ishow to foster students ability offoreign language learning. The importance of reading is tacit to language-learners. It is an important way to improve
5、foreign language ability and also one of the four essential skills in English language learning. English reading is the most important form of communicating and obtaining information through the medium of English. To improve reading ability is one of the targets in English study and also a significa
6、nt task in English teaching. But reading is a feeble sector to most students. Many students do not really know how to read. They have not fallen into the habit of reading. It needs teachers direction.Teachers shouldimprove students reading ability through training students reading basic knowledge an
7、d skills. But the traditional sentence-text-analysis method or the teacher-centered method is still widely used in the teaching of reading. Along with the education reform, teaching of reading should focus on developing students reading skills. Study interest、reading habits and reading standard are
8、the main ways to foster Junior students reading ability.Key Words: Junior school students, English reading, ability cultivationIntroductionThe importance of reading is tacit to language-learners. In English tests, reading comprehension accounts for the biggest proportion. It is especially notable in
9、 recent years. Meanwhile, in listening comprehension, cloze, writing, multiple choice, etc. The accuracy of the answer directly or indirectly reflect the reading ability.Therefore, improving English reading ability has a great effect on English learning. Although English teaching always pay much att
10、ention on foster students reading ability, the traditional English foster students reading ability, the traditional English teaching are overemphasize vocabulary and grammar these language basic knowledge. Teachers spent much time and energy on teaching and reviewing language points and ignored the
11、training of reading ability, such as reading skills and thinking ability. So the students reading ability did not improve substantive. The Middle School English syllabus pointed out that : The Middle School English teaching goal is to supply the junior school students with basic training of listenin
12、g, speaking, writing and reading to cultivate students primary ability in oral and writing and to foster reading ability.According to this, we know that in a sense, the enhancement of reading ability is helpful to improve listening, speaking, and writing ability. Through reading, the learner can exp
13、and the fields of knowledge and increase the vocabulary. Reading is mainly influenced by two factors: comprehension and reading speed. Comprehension depends on quantity of words, basic expression and so on while reading ability is up to reading skills. So in students initial stage of English languag
14、e learning, teachers should pay great attention to the cultivation and training of students English reading habit and reading ability. 1. The Necessity of Improving Students Reading ComprehensionWe read for a number of different reasons. Generally speaking, there are two main reasons for reading: re
15、ading for pleasure; reading for information. 2 Reading is not one process. We should not read everything at the same speed and in the same way. There are sub-skills involved in reading .Different reading materials require different speeds and techniques. Reading is not just looking at words. It is a
16、n active skill, which constantly involves questing, predicting, checking and asking oneself questions. In English examinations, reading comprehension accounts for high proportion, which mainly determines students examinations marks. But many students do not really know how to read. It needs teachers
17、 to teach them how to do. So it is very necessary to improve students reading comprehension.2. Aspects of Developing Students Reading AbilityBelow are ways that falls into three aspects to develop students reading ability in English teaching. Namely interest, good reading habits and strategies of re
18、ading.2.1 InterestIf you want to cultivate students reading ability, you should start with interest, because “Interest is the best teacher”. The reading interest can be trained by the following ways.2.1.1 Proper Reading MaterialsThere are several ways to select proper reading materials. In terms of
19、the difficulty extent of article, if there are too many new words in the reading material, it is inevitable to check the word time and time. If the sentence is too complicate, and then the students may lose their reading interest, so the proportion of the new word should be around 3%.3 In terms of t
20、he types of literature the reading material should be rich in content, abroad in theme, various in types of literature and be related to the society, close to the students practice. In terms of the content of article, the interest of the reading materials also have to be paid more intention to. So a
21、dventure and mystery stories seem to have the advantage over other readings. For younger students, fables, myths stories about heroes, readings about the modern life in English-speaking countries, etc, will be equally appealing, besides, there are lots of world-famous works that have been rewritten
22、in simple English and shortened too. The students will find them interesting and not difficult to read. In terms of the length of article, the reading materials should short enough to give the students a sense of achievements when they have finished the reading. 2.1.2 Emotional Language“Emotion can
23、inspire passion , it is difficult to have interest and motivation without passion.”4 The teachers passion can inspire, conduct and maintain the students studying passion. Without putting emotion, it is very hard to tap the students good studying potential. So the teachers should make good use of the
24、ir emotion influence, color the knowledge and information with emotion and make classes in a healthy, harmony, warm and responsible atmosphere. Actually, the communication between teachers and students in the class is not only the knowledge impartment but also the emotion impartment by the teachers
25、behavior and expression in their eyes. The teachers should take good advantage of gesture language to make the class in a comfortable, harmony and happy atmosphere, and communication with the students by emotion, to lead the students into the best study statue.2.1.3 Appreciation from the TeacherTo c
26、ultivate the students interest care and love from teachers one needed, therefore the teachers can teach in appreciating way. The education research indicate that the teachers who love their students will have high expectation on their students and will give their student students affirmation, praise
27、 and encourage; The students will trust and be close to their teachers and respect their teachers after receiving courage. Besides, the students will have confidence and determination to move on with the teachers courage.5Praise is the most cheap、easy and effective way to inspire the students motiva
28、tion. It can make the students enjoy success and happiness, maintain long study interest and bloom studying passion. And then it can transform the studying interest into studying motivation, boost the intelligence development and enhance studying efficiency.2.1.4Various Activity FormsTeaching practi
29、ces have proved that in the interesting language on the positive self-awareness to obtain massive language information. So teachers need nimbly use different kinds of ways, such as materials, object, pictures, slide shows, English movies, interest teaching, English songs and so on .Using the audio-v
30、isual education and the scene teaching ideal condition to induce students interest, organizing competitions, guessing riddles, games and so on activities to enhance the teaching effect.2.2Good Reading HabitsWhether the reading habit is good or bad, it directly influences the reading efficiency. It i
31、s especially important for the beginners .But the good reading habit can not built in one day, it can only gradually foster under the correct direct and in the process of reading practice.2.2.1 Students Preliminary Reading Habit When a teacher teaching a class from the beginning, she should start fo
32、stering student habit of reading English. For example, design some activities like look at the words and draw pictures, match the words and pictures, look at the words to do things and so on to cultivate students preliminary reading habit. In the end of each units study, lit the students do some act
33、ivities like reading words while fill colors in the figures. This all can help students to foster reading habit .In the beginning, students will have some difficulties to finish the exercises, so teachers can instruct students find answers in the book themselves rather than speak the words out direc
34、tly. When learning a new unit, teachers can intentional let the students put word cards and pictures together to do exercises after studied the new words and remember the words from pronunciations, forms and meanings.2.2.2 Limited Time ReadingAs the students reading vocabulary continually expand tea
35、chers can arrange the students to read materials in fixed time in the class and analyse the difficulty sentences and passages to help the students form preliminary reading sense. And then assign the students long-term reading tasks after class. Teachers can enjoy the wonderful passages with students
36、 in the class, in order to raise students reading interest.2.2.2.1 Silent Reading Reading is a silent and individual activity since that the writers intention was that the text should be read not heard. When reading, some students are accustomed to send out the pronunciation of each word .Some stude
37、nts do not read out the words, but in their inner word, they still think aloud and read word by word. This reading habit reduces the speed of reading .Regarding this, teachers should request students to cultivate silent reading habit. Silent reading is pass the visual organ directly sensate the writ
38、ing marks and only pause the attention on the writing marks, avoid lip-reading or read aloud in a low voice, in order to avoid the disperser and reduce the reading speed. Correct silent reading, the speed can quicken compared to read the words out.2.2.2.2 Phrase by Phrase Reading Word for word readi
39、ng pays excessively attention on the words. It not only influences reading speed, but also not easy to hold the central idea of the article.2.3 Strategies of Reading Reading is mainly influenced by two factors: comprehension and reading speed. Comprehension depends on quantity of words、basic express
40、ion and so on while reading ability is up to reading skill.2.3.1 Vocabulary ImprovementReading and vocabulary can influence each other. Vocabulary will directly or indirectlyinfluence the students reading .Reading can help to solidify and enlarge vocabulary, enrich language knowledge and improve man
41、aging language ability. In addition, reading has effects on thinking、comprehension and judgment. Now the middle school students have a small quantity of words through they have learnt some in the primary school. If you want to widen their reading knowledge you should expand their quantity of words f
42、irst. Because the vocabulary is the basic unit and the foundation of language just as the bricks of a mansion. Improving English is mostly up to expand the quantity of word. Some students cant understand the texts and the teacher due to a small quantity of words. They lose confidence and interest to
43、 study English. Therefore to expand vocabulary is the important foundation of improving reading ability.2.3.2 Acceleration of the Reading Speed. Reading comprehension means extracting the required information form the texts as efficiently as possible.6 Reading speed is the important sign of reading
44、ability. It requires good reading habit and reading skill to accelerate reading speed. Reading skill include: To find out the key sentence as soon as possible and get the main idea of the article ; To find out the writers layout according to the paragraph; Guess the meaning of new word and meaning o
45、f pronoun according to context. To deduce the authors attitude by analyzing the words of article. The purpose of reading skill exercise is to improve reading speed, but the right comprehension is prior to speed. The speed doesnt make any sense if there isnt accurate understanding. The effective meth
46、od of cultivate scanning is avoid speaking out while read. Lots of students have a bad habit to speak out while read. Whatever they read, they always speak it out. This may not only influent the reading speed directly, but also will be fatigue easily. The teachers should tell the importance of scann
47、ing, gradually cultivate the students vision reading ability and then enhance the reading speed. The great poet DuFu in Tang Dynasty said that” You can write excellent articles quickly if you have read ten thousand books.” Read more, practice more, use more and pay attention to analyzing and accumul
48、ation is the only way to improving English reading ability. There is a proverb in English: One cannot succeed without perseverance. You cant cultivate and improve reading overnight. It takes time to work hard and then improve step by step. During this process, peruse and extensive reading are the sa
49、me important. It is impossible to widen knowledge and improve reading speed if only highlight pursuing text and dont practice extensive reading. In this way the student can only read sentence by sentence and word by word. Do not pay attention to perusing text and only highlight extensive reading will lead to a
