英语介词和介词短语课件.ppt

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1、四、介词和介词短语,介词的基本用法1.(2012陕西11)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A.against B.for C.to D.with,【解析】选A。考查介词。句意:好像是不可能达成协议了,因为大多数委员们反对。A项 against“反对”;B项for“支持”;C项to“向、朝、往、到、在”;D项with“和(其他人或物)在一起、跟、同、和、(时间)随着、有;穿戴”。结合语境知A项符合题意。,2.(2012辽宁27)The Well H

2、otel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake.A.to B.for C.off D.out【解析】选C。考查介词。句意:Well 饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。A项“对于”;B项“为了”;C项“离开,偏离”符合题意;D项“在外面”。,3.(2012北京34)Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A.at B.on C.to D.across【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了?at

3、在地方;on在上面;to表地点时,指不接触;across横跨,指从肩膀的一端到另一端。,4.(2012福建33)Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.A.of B.to C.by D.for【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:对家长来说,没有什么比提高对孩子的期望值更容易的事情了。for对来说,后跟“对象”。,5.(2012浙江6)_ all the animals Ive ever had,these two dogs are the most sensitive

4、 to the spoken word.A.From B.Of C.For D.With【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:在我养过的所有动物中,这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。from来自;of属于,由组成;for因为;with和一起,随着,用,因为。,6.(2011四川8)Nick,its good for you to read some books _ China before you start your trip there.A.in B.for C.of D.on【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:尼克,去中国旅游之前,读点关于中国的书是有好处的。介词on 表示“关于;论及”之意。介词in,for

5、,of 皆无此意,故选D。,7.(2011山东30)Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy _ the past couple of weeks.A.beyond B.with C.among D.over【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:很抱歉没有给你打电话,在过去的几周里我一直很忙。over在句中为介词,意为“在期间”,与句意相符;beyond 超过,超越;with带有,具有;among 在中间,在之中。,8.(2011全国卷14)This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notic

6、e.A.with B.until C.for D.at【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:这家商店因修缮将关闭直到另行通知。在此until是介词,表示“到为止,在以前”。A项with表示“和一起”;C项for表示“为了”;D项at表示“在上”。根据句意选择B项。,9.(2011重庆24)Shirley,a real book lover,often brings home many books to read _ the library.A.in B.for C.by D.from【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:雪莉,一个十足的读书爱好者,经常从图书馆借很多书回家看。表示“从某处”用介词from。故选

7、D。,10.(2010北京29)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are _ everyones enjoyment.A.in B.at C.for D.to【解析】选C。考查介词。句意:不要摘花园里的花好吗?它们是供大家欣赏的。for表示目的,意思是“为了”,for enjoyment意为“为了寻求乐趣”。例如:We work in the garden for enjoyment.我们为寻求乐趣而在花园里劳作。,11.(2010四川5)Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his ba

8、ck _ a big tree.A.in B.below C.beside D.against【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:由于累了,吉姆背倚着大树,很快就睡着了。against此处意为:“倚着,靠着”;below“在的下方”;beside“在的旁边”;in“在的里面”或“(时间)在之后”。,介词与动词、形容词、名词的常用搭配1.(2012全国卷16)100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A.for B.at C.on D.of,【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:100摄氏度是水沸腾的温度。该空后面是由which引导的定语从句。此时,介词的判

9、断原则是看介词与先行词之间的关系。把句子分解开来可以得到100 is the temperature and at this temperature water will boil.。故选B。,2.(2012安徽25)You can change your job,you can move house,but friendship is meant to be _ life.A.of B.on C.to D.for【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:你可以改变工作,你也可以搬家,但是友谊是终生不变的。of life 意为“对于生命”;on life意为“有关生命”;to life 意为“给生命”;f

10、or life=for the rest of ones life,意为“终生的”。,3.(2011浙江5)I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.A.on B.for C.by D.of【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:我一直想做我曾经受过培训的工作。“be trained for.”表示“为了接受培训”,故B项正确。,4.(2011天津11)He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A.below B.of C.on D.above【解析】选D。考查

11、介词。句意:他是一个好学生,在大部分科目上得分都高出平均分。below average“低于平均分”;on average“平均”;above average“高于平均分”,above在此处表示“超出,超过”。根据句意选D。,5.(2011上海25)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.A.through B.up C.with D.from【解析】选A。考查介词。句意:毕业典礼是感谢曾经帮助你走过艰难岁月的人的好时刻。help sb.through sth.帮助某人走过某段

12、时期(尤指艰难的时期),through表示“度过,经历过”;help sb.up把某人扶起来;help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事;from来自,自以来。由句意和这几个介词的意义可知选A。,6.(2011安徽25)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems.A.in B.to C.on D.after【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:有时不难找到解决食品安全问题的适宜办法。此句中主语为answers,意为“解决办法”,作此意时后跟介词to或towards,故选B项。,7.(2011北京35)Wi

13、th new technology,pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color.A.by B.for C.with D.in【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:用新的科技,海底山谷能被拍下彩色照片。by多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前,如by hand等;with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰,如with a spade,with our eyes等;in表示使用语言、原料、材料等,如in English。故D项正确。,8.(2010辽宁31)I agree to his suggestion _ the

14、 condition that he drops all charges.A.by B.in C.on D.to【解析】选C。考查固定用法。句意:我同意他的提议,条件是他放弃所有指控。on the condition that与连词if同义,表示“条件是,以为条件”,后接条件状语从句。根据句意选C项。,9.(2010天津13)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.by B.on C.for D.against【解析】选D。考查介词。句意:我父亲警告我不要去西海岸,

15、因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配,构成warn sb.against doing sth.相当于warn sb.not to do sth.,意思是“警告某人不要干某事”,固定搭配,故选D。,介词短语1.(2012湖北25)The furniture,with its modern style and bright colors,suits modern houses and their gardens,but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.A.out of question B.out of ord

16、erC.out of sight D.out of place,【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意:有着现代风格的色彩鲜艳的家居适合现代的房屋和花园,但是放在传统风格的花园里看起来就格格不入。out of question不成问题,无疑的;out of order出故障,秩序混乱;out of sight看不见,在视野之外;out of place不得其所的,不适当的,格格不入的。信息词but告诉我们正确选项应该表示“不合适的,格格不入的”。,2.(2012福建26)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _ all its

17、 citizens.A.in charge of B.for the purpose ofC.in honor of D.for the benefit of【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意:为了惠及全民,中国一直在推动公共医疗改革。in charge of负责,管理;for the purpose of为了的目的;in honor of纪念;for the benefit of为了的好处。故选D。,3.(2012浙江14)Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_,he was glad to be able to make himself clearly

18、 understood.A.all in all B.for one thingC.on the contrary D.by the way【解析】选C。考查固定短语辨析。句意:布朗说他绝不生气;相反,他很高兴能使别人清楚地了解他自己。all in all总而言之;for one thing一则;on the contrary正相反,相反地;by the way顺便说,顺便提一下。,4.(2012江苏29)Thank God,youre safe!I stepped back,just _ to avoid the racing car.A.in time B.in caseC.in need

19、 D.in vain【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意:谢天谢地,你安然无恙!我退回去了,恰好及时避开了飞驰的汽车。A项表示“及时”;B项表示“以防万一”;C项表示“需要”;D项表示“徒劳地”。,5.(2012江西34)He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris._,he had a wonderful time.A.Above all B.Whats moreC.As a result D.On the contrary【解析】选D。考查固定短语辨析。句意:他看起来给人的印象是他在巴黎过得不

20、愉快。相反,他度过了一段美好时光。A项意为“首要的是”;B项意为“另外”;C项意为“结果是”;D项意为“相反”。,6.(2011新课标全国卷30)The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself.A.rather than B.other thanC.more than D.better than【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意:这个表格除了你自己外其他人都不能签名。rather than“不是”;other than“除了”,相当于except,符合句意;more than“多于,不仅仅”;better than“胜过”。,7.(2011江苏32)

21、Wed better discuss everything _before we work out the plan.A.in detail B.in generalC.on purpose D.on time【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们最好在制订计划之前详细地讨论一切事情。in detail详细地;in general一般来说,大体上;on purpose故意地;on time按时。,8.(2011福建22)_ good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.A.Fa

22、r from B.Apart fromC.Instead of D.Regardless of【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意:除了好的服务,这家饭店还提供各种各样的传统的福建菜。far from远非,远不如;apart from除之外;instead of代替,而不是;regardless of不管,不顾。根据句意选B。,9.(2011湖北30)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A.in

23、terms of B.in need of C.in favor of D.in praise of【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意:当被问及对于校长的意见时,许多老师希望他能让位给更年轻的人。in terms of 依据,按照;in need of 需要;in favor of赞成;支持;in praise of称赞;赞颂。根据句意选择C项。,10.(2010浙江7)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _.A.by nature B.in returnC.in case D.by

24、 chance【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意:我想我们之前已经谈过这件事了,但是为了以防万一,我再问你一次。四个选项中,by nature意为“天生”,in return意思是“回报,作为交换”,in case是“万一,以防”的意思,by chance 意为“偶然地”。根据句意,此处ask you again 的原因应该是“以防万一”,故选C项。,11.(2010福建27)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.A.in search of B.in place ofC.for lack

25、of D.for fear of【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意:因为缺少空间,越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。in search of意为“寻找”;in place of意为“代替,替代”;for lack of意为“由于缺乏”;for fear of 意为“担心,害怕”。由句意可知,选C项。,12.(2010江西29)We give dogs time,space and love we can spare,and _,dogs give us their all.A.in all B.in fact C.in short D.in return【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意:我们抽出

26、时间、空间和爱给予狗,而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。in all“总共”;in fact“实际上”;in short“简而言之”;in return“作为报答”。,【命题人点拨】,一、易混介词辨析1.表示时间的介词(1)表示年、月、日、时刻用at,on,in,(2)表示期限用before,(from.)to,by,until,till,(3)表示期间用for,during,through for引导一段时间,强调时间由始至终,可译为“(时间)长达”,一般与有长度的时间短语连用,如for three weeks,for a long time等。during意为“在(时间)内”的行为或状态,与

27、一段时间的整体连用,如during the spring,during last year,during 1980等,也可以和表示延续性时间的名词连用,如during my childhood,during our stay,during his visit等。,through意为“一直”(从开始到结束)I have to work through the winter vacation.我整个寒假都得工作。(4)表示时间的起点用 from,since from:从起(时间)表示从开始时,一般都是用词组from.to.,而单纯表示确切地从几点开始时用at。,They begin their w

28、ork at seven oclock in the morning.他们在早上七点钟开始工作。since:自从以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)from seven to eight从7点到8点 since last week自从上周直到现在since he graduated从他毕业到现在,(5)表示时间的经过用after,in,withinafter表示“在之后”,可接时间段,也可接时间点,可用于将来时和过去时。in表示“过后”,后接时间段,通常用于一般将来时。如果用于过去时,则用after表示“一段时间”。She went to Nanjing last May,and she

29、came back after a month.去年五月她去了南京,一个月后她又回来了。,within表示“不超过的范围”,强调“在时间之内”,没有时态的限制。Ill be back within an hour.我一个小时内赶回来。,【规律方法】时间名词前介词的用法速记歌诀年、月、周前要用in,日子前面却不行;遇到几号要用on;上午、下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行;午夜、黄、黎用at,周末用它也不错。at用在此刻前,past加,to要减;多说多练认真学,莫让岁月空蹉跎。,【易混点拨】1.to和until/till的用法比较(1)to可以用于时间和地点之前;tilluntil

30、只用于时间之前。可以用from.to或 from.till/until结构,但如果句中没有from,就要用tilluntil而不用to:They worked from five to tenfrom five till ten.他们从5点工作到10点。Lets start now and work till dark.让我们现在开始工作一直到天黑。,(2)tilluntil常常和否定意义的动词连用,以强调时间晚了:We didnt get home till 2 a.m.我们一直到凌晨两点钟才到家。2.省略介词的时间状语(1)在this,that,these等组成的词组前不用介词。Toms

31、trouble is very common to boys these days.汤姆的问题在当今的男孩们中间很常见。,(2)由next或last构成的词组前不用介词。When did you go to bed last night?你昨晚几点上床睡觉的?(3)当yesterday,tomorrow用作副词时或由它们构成的短语前不用介词。Can you be here at eight tomorrow morning?你明早八点能在这里吗?,(4)在含有a,one,every,some,all等词的短语前不用介词。I hope to go to the moon some day.我希望

32、有一天去月球。,2.表示地点、方位的介词(1)between,among between“在之间(指两者)”among“在之间(指三者及三者以上)”如果指三个及三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。,(2)on,above,over,below,under,beneath on在上面,表面相互接触。above只表示“在上方或位置高出”,与below相对。over在正上方,与under相对。below在下方,低于。under

33、在正下方。beneath在下面,表面互相接触。,(3)near,by,beside,about near在附近by=beside,靠近,在旁边,比near距离更近He just sat by/beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。about在各处,到处,在附近She walked about the town with her mother.她跟她妈妈在镇上到处走。,(4)in front of,behind,around There is a garden in front of the house.在房子前面有个花园。There are many tree

34、s around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。,(5)from,to,for,into,out of,She will fly from Beijing to Hong Kong.她将从北京飞往香港。He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。The teacher came into the classroom with a smile.老师微笑着走进了教室。,A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。(6)across,ove

35、r,through,past,alongacross意为“横穿,穿越”,表示运动发生在物体的表面;over 意为“跨过,越过”,表示运动发生在物体的上方;,through意为“穿过,通过”,表示运动发生在某物的内部空间;past意为“从旁边经过”,表示运动发生在某事物旁边;along意为“沿着”,同动态词连用,指沿着一条平行线。The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts,over mountains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea.长城从西向东越过沙漠

36、,跨过高山,穿过深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直抵大海。,【易混点拨】介词for的用法小结1.表示“当做、作为”。I like some bread and milk for breakfast.我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。What will we have for supper?我们晚餐吃什么?,2.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学习英语。Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次的来信。Thank you for teaching us so well.感谢你如此尽心地教我

37、们。,3.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对(而言)”。Let me pick it up for you.让我为你捡起它来。Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多有害于你的健康。,4.表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days.我们将在那里逗留两天。,5.表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、交换”等。Lets go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。

38、I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.我花了20元买这本词典。,6.表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于的”。Its time for school.到上学的时间了。Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。7.表示“支持、赞成”。Are you for this plan or against it?你是支持还是反对这个计划?,8.用于一些固定搭配中。Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?For example,Mr.Green is a

39、 kind teacher.比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。,3.其他用途的介词(1)表示“标准或单位”的介词:at,for,by,(2)表示“材料”的介词:of,from,in,(3)表示“工具或手段”的介词:by,with,inby指“靠手段”,“用方法”,“凭借动作”,所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象,后接名词、代词或动名词,也可和bus,train,plane,bike等词连用,表示交通或通讯手段。He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件把这一消息发给了我。with表示“用什么工具”,所用的东西都是具体的物。He stopped the ba

40、ll with his right foot.他用右脚把球停住。,【注意】with表示“用工具”时,工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。in表示“用语言、原料、材料”,如in English,in blue ink.,(4)表示“像”的介词:as,likelike像一样The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。as作为,以身份He was hanged as a spy.他被作为间谍绞死了。,(5)表示“关于”的介词:of,about,on The story is about the love of a mother for her child.这个

41、故事说的是一位母亲对孩子付出的爱。Its a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。,(6)表示“原因、理由”的介词:at,for,with,from四个词都可以组成介词短语,表示行为或状态的原因、动机或理由。,(7)because of,owing to,due to,thanks to四个短语均有“由于、因为”的意思。,【注意】表示“原因、理由”的介词短语还有by reason of,as a result of,on account of,out of等。,(8)besides,except,except for,but,apar

42、t from都表示“除了”,We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)He is never late except when he is ill.除了生病的时候,他从不迟到。,His composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.他的作文很好,只是有几处拼写错误。(composition和spelling mistakes是两个不同范围的词,但spel

43、ling mistakes是在composition总体之中)He did nothing but play all day long.除了整天玩他什么也不做。Besides/Apart from the cost,the hat doesnt suit me.除了价格,这顶帽子不适合我戴。,Its a good piece of work,apart from a few slight faults.除了一些小缺点外,它不失为一件好作品。,【易混点拨】1.towards,to和for表示方向(1)towards仅指朝向某个方向,不一定是目的地,而 to和for都是“朝向目的地”。(2)for

44、作“向(目的地)”时,常用于固定搭配中,如leave for;start for。,2.at与for表示价格at与for都表示价格,但at表示“单价”,for表示“总价”,at后一般跟“price”这个词,而for后只能跟总钱数。I bought it at a low price.我以低价买了它。I bought it at the price of$80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。I sold it for$10.我10美元把它卖掉了。,3.by,in,on表示搭乘交通工具(1)用by时,表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词;(2)用in或on时名词前必须加冠词或代词(名词)

45、所有格。by bus/bike/plane/train/ship=on a bus/bike/plane/train/shipby car=in a/ones car,4.against,foragainst既有紧靠、倚靠的意思,也有反对(反义词为for)的意思。He stood leaning against the wall,unable to speak.他靠墙站着,说不出话来。Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法?,5.instead,instead of(1)instead是副词,意为“代替,顶替”,在句子中作状语。Give me

46、 this instead.换这个给我吧。,(2)instead of主要有两个意思:“代替”,后面接名词或代词。He will go instead of me.他将代替我去。,“而不”,后面接动词-ing形式。She went to school instead of staying at home.她没有呆在家里而是上学去了。注意:instead of有时可用来连接两个对等的语法成分,也就是说,它后面可以接形容词、副词或介词短语等。They went there on foot instead of by bus.他们没有乘公共汽车而是步行到那里去的。,【易混点拨】常见的介词使用错误(1

47、)介词遗漏宾语从句、表语从句等句子末尾:I want to know what the book is written.()I want to know what the book is written about.()我想知道这本书写的是哪方面的内容。,定语从句末尾:Francis is the last person I want to talk.()Francis is the last person I want to talk with.()我最不想与弗朗西斯说话。,不定式短语中:Margaret is a girl who is not easy to get along.()Ma

48、rgaret is a girl who is not easy to get along with.()玛格丽特是个不好相处的姑娘。,某些特殊疑问句中:What are you worrying?()What are you worrying about?()你担心什么?,被动结构中:The book you offered me is worthy to be referred.()The book you offered me is worthy to be referred to.()你给我的书很值得一读。,(2)介词多余某些副词之前:When did Katherine and he

49、r sister get to home?()When did Katherine and her sister get home?()凯瑟琳和她妹妹什么时候到家的?,及物动词之后:How did you reach to our village?()How did you reach our village?()你们怎么来我们村的?,某些时间状语前:On one day,the fisherman went fishing as usual.()One day,the fisherman went fishing as usual.()有一天,渔夫像往常一样去捕鱼。,二、介词与其他词类的搭配

50、1.介词与名词1)介词与后面的名词搭配(1)at no time 决不 at a time 一次/每次 at one time 一度/曾经at times 不时地/有时 at ones request应某人的要求at a loss 不知所措at ones invitation 应的邀请 at heart 在内心里/本质上at a heat 一口气地 at the thought of.一想到,(2)in a way 在某种程度上 in no way 没门/决不in the way 挡住道路in a/one word总之 in words 口头上 in good order 秩序井然in no

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