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1、Parallelism,平行结构,?,I have a dream that one day this nation will,rise up.,?,I have a dream that one day on the red hills,of,?,I have a dream that one day even the state of,Mississippi,?,I have a dream,.,?,I have a dream today,?,I have a dream that one day,?,I have a dream today,?,I have dream that on
2、e day,?,-,Dr.Martin Luther King-I have a dream,General Function,?,make,the,speech,effective,and,forceful,?,make,the,speech,clear,and,logical,?,make,the,speech,more,rhythmical,and,emotional,Content of parallelism,?,Definition,?,Usages,?,Function,?,contract,Definition,?,A,parallelism,is,a,figure,of,sp
3、eech,that,uses,similar,structures,in,separate,sentences,to,express,related,ideas,and,with,which,the,sentence,is,emphatic,and,forceful.,In,parallel,structure,it,is,necessary,to,balance,word,for,word,phrase,for,phrase,clause,for,clause,and,sentence,for,sentence.,?,平行结构就是把结构相同、意义并,重、语气一致的词或词组或句子排,列成串，形
4、成一个整体。其特点是：,结构上整齐匀称，读起来铿锵有力,?,Parallelism,by clarifying the,relationship between a writer,s ideas,or between parts of a single idea,has,a rhetorical effect.It is the component,of literary style,in which coordinate,single ideas are arranged in phrases,sentences,and paragraphs that,balance one element
5、 with another of,equal importance and similar wording.,?,-from book,?,In a parallel construction it is,necessary to balance word with word,phrase with phrase,clause with clause,sentences with sentences.,That is to,say,the general rhetorical principle of,parallelism is:similar ideas are,expressed by
6、similar grammatical,forms,.,?,-from book,usages,?,A series of words,?,A group of phrases,?,A row of clauses,?,A set of sentences,A series of words,?,They waited four hours at the airport,reading,and,sleeping.,(action),?,The young actor was,tall,dark,and,handsome,.,?,Galileo,studied,thought,and,exper
7、imented,.,?,-from book,?,An,Englishman,thinks,seated,;,a,Frenchman,standing,;,an,American,pacing,;,an,Irishman,afterward,.,(O,Malley),英国人坐着想，法国人站着,想，美国人走着想，爱尔兰人事后想。,A group of phrases,?,She traveled,by land,by sea,and,by air,.,?,To support his family,and,to,put himself through,college,he worked seve
8、ral hours a day.,?,Buying a car,and,beginning her job,were the next,steps in her life.,?,-from book,?,Studies,serve,for,delight,for,ornament,and,for,ability,.,(Francis,Bacon:,Of,Studies),读书足以怡,情，足以博采，足以长才,。,A row of clauses,?,A teacher,who spends time with his,students,and,who thoughtfully answers t
9、heir,questions,will be respected and loved.,?,If you write,or,if you telephone,wait for,two weeks until I return from China.,?,-from book,A set of sentences,?,There is no reason for us to be enemies.,Neither,of us seeks the territory of the other,;,neither of,us seeks domination over the other,;,nei
10、ther of us,seeks to stretch out our hands and rule the world,.,?,-from book,?,We,will,never,parley,.,We,will,never,negotiate,w,ith,Hitler,or,any,of,his,gang.,(W.,S.,Churchill),我们决不谈判，我们决不与希特勒或者他的,任何帮凶协商。,function,?,Parallelism serves to be one of the means,to achieve coherence in a sentences and,oft
11、en results in linguistic brevity,structural balance,and pleasant rhythm.,?,If a writer developed the habit of,frequently expressing himself in terms of,parallel form,s/he would take a major,step toward producing effective essays.,contract,?,Repetition,:,It,s the profit now,not the product.,Half the time,we cheat,the foremen,the,foremen,cheat,the management,the,management,cheats,the customer,.,And,the,customer,are we.,?,Parallelism,:Designed with a computer.,Silenced by a laser.Built by a robot.,?,排比和反复的区别在于，首先排比是为了,加强语势，反复是为了突出强调某种感情。,其次，排比是把两句或两句以上的结构相,同的句子连在一起，反复是把某个词语或,句子重复两遍以上。,
