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1、武陵山区杂交水稻育种目标与策略初探杨隆维,李继辉,王光建,袁利群,段太品,许敏,向极钎,龙家顺, 袁木兰(恩施土家族苗族自治州农科院稻油所 湖北 恩施 445002)摘要:针对武陵山区气候生态条件复杂的特点,以市场为导向,结合多年育种实践,提出武陵山区杂交水稻育种目标:在以“优质高产多抗广适”为总体育种目标的基础上,以不育系和恢复系的米质和抗性选育为突破口,重点开展抗稻瘟病和抗寒育种,达到优质高产多抗广适的有机统一;实现该目标的主要策略是:充分发掘和利用优异种资源,加强区内育种单位之间的协作,建立多病圃对种质资源、亲本和组合进行联合鉴定筛选,通过病区胁迫选择、非病区选择与高海拔基地抗寒性鉴定相
2、结合育成符合育种目标的新组合。经过多年努力,成功地鉴定或育成了一批优质抗病的恢复系、不育系和杂优组合,并相继通过各级水稻品种审定。关键词:杂交水稻;育种目标;育种策略;武陵山区武陵山区位于湘鄂渝黔4省(市)边区,介于长江中下游平原双单季稻亚区、江南丘陵平原双季稻亚区和黔东湘西高原山地单双季稻亚区之间1,属中亚热带温湿季风气候,雾露多,湿度大,日照少,雨热同季,降水分布不均。境内气候垂直差异明显,地貌地形复杂。稻田分散,立体农业特点非常显著。本地区种植制度以单季中籼稻为主,地方稻种资源丰富。水稻是本地区主要粮食作物之一,常年种植面积100万hm2左右,绝大部分分布在海拔1200 m以下地区。本地
3、区稻瘟病危害严重,流行面广,是全国的稻瘟病重病区之一。稻瘟病菌生理小种分布广泛,小种组成较复杂,致病力强的小种也较多,据我所鉴定,恩施州20世纪80年代共有8 群35个生理小种,ZB群为优势种群,ZG1为优势小种,20世纪90年代共8群38个生理小种,ZC群为优势种群,ZB群次之, G5、B5和C13等为优势小种。恩施州水稻因稻瘟病危害常年损失一般在1020,严重的可达4050,局部田块甚至颗粒无收。本地区春温回升不稳定,倒春寒频繁,秋季降温快,且秋温下降亦不稳定,低温危害时有发生。海拔800m以上稻区这个问题尤其突出,如2002年这种现象十分普遍且相当严重,仅恩施州利川市因秋季低温(“寒露风
4、”)导致稻谷总产比常年减产30左右。基金项目:湖北省科技厅“十五”重点科技攻关课题(2001AA204A01)。 作者简介:杨隆维(1968),男,湖北省咸丰县人,农艺师,电话07188412715,13972442465。稻瘟病和低温危害是实现本地区水稻持续稳定增产的两大瓶颈。由于武陵山区特殊的气候生态条件和老少边山穷的社会经济条件,境外优良品种进不来,境内优良品种出不去,农业部及有关部门决定于2001年将武陵山区水稻品种区试纳入国家正式区试,为本地区水稻育种上档次打造了一个良好的平台。针对武陵山区气候生态条件复杂的特点,以市场为导向,结合多年育种实践,提出武陵山区杂交水稻育种目标及相应策略
5、,以供参考。1. 武陵山区杂交水稻的育种目标根据国家农作物品种审定委员会对武陵山区水稻品种审定条件,武陵山区杂交水稻总体育种目标应是优质、高产、多抗、广适和熟期多样化,在此基础上,以不育系和恢复系的米质和抗性选育为突破口,重点开展抗稻瘟病和抗寒新组合选育,达到优质高产多抗广适的有机统一。据此,我们确立现阶段武陵山区杂交水稻选育目标为:迟熟中稻以优58为对照,中早熟中稻以福优195为对照,育成的新组合在病圃对稻瘟病的综合抗性必须达中抗(3级)以上水平或明显优于相应对照,在此基础上,如果其它性状与相应对照相当,则要求米质、产量、适应性等方面至少有一项明显超过相应对照,具体目标如下。1.1 米质优目
6、前我国育成的大多数组合难以达到国家优质米标准,尚无一个组合全部指标达到部颁二级米标准。从国家粮食安全和国内外两个市场需求出发,品质目标应确定为:品质优于相应对照,稻米适口性好,适合大众消费;米质达国标三级米以上,符合优质米产业化需要;选育红米、黑米、富硒米等特种品质品种,推动特种米产业的形成和发展。1.2 高产产量比同类型同熟期对照品种增产5%以上,或达到显著水平。根据对近几年武陵山区国家水稻品种区试和恩施州中熟中稻品种区试的资料分析,迟熟中稻高产群体结构要求:每hm2有效穗为225万285万,穗粒数为140160粒,结实率为80以上,千粒重27g左右。结合株型,要求选育株高105 cm115
7、cm,茎秆粗壮坚韧,叶型适中,偏大穗,结实率高的组合。早中熟中稻高产群体结构要求:每hm2有效穗为300万360万,穗粒数为110130粒,结实率为80以上,千粒重28g左右。结合株型,要求选育株高85 cm100cm,茎秆粗壮坚韧,叶型适中,中等穗,结实率高的组合,高结实率特性尤其重要。1.3 多抗 选用抗(耐)稻瘟病和抗(耐)寒的品种是本地区实现水稻持续稳定增产和安全生产的基本前提,武陵山区国家水稻品种区试已明确规定对不抗稻瘟病的参试品种实行一票否决,且将对不抗低温的参试品种实行一票否决,因此,要求育成品种在病圃对稻瘟病的综合抗性必须达中抗(3级)以上水平或明显优于相应对照,同时抗(耐)寒
8、兼抗白叶枯病及稻曲病等,早中熟组合的抗寒性更为重要,这是由于早中熟组合主要分布在海拔800米以上稻区,而这一地区春季倒春寒和秋季寒露风现象较低海拔地区更为频繁。1.4 广适,熟期多样化 由于本地区自然条件复杂,社会经济条件落后,稻作生产水平参差不齐,因此要求育成的品种要耐粗放栽培,具有广泛的适应性。鉴于本地区气候垂直差异明显,地貌地形复杂,因而要求育成适应不同海拔稻区种植熟期多样化的组合。具体要求:全生育期,低山地区(海拔800m以下)比优58早熟3 d5d,二高山地区(海拔800m1200m)比福优195早熟3 d5d或相当。2. 多抗优质高产熟期多样化杂交水稻新组合选育的策略根据上述目标,
9、结合多年育种实践,我们提出充分发掘和利用本地区优异种质资源,积极引进外地优异种质资源,加强区内育种单位之间的协作,建立多病圃对引育的种质资源、亲本和组合进行联合鉴定筛选,通过病区胁迫选择、非病区选择与高海拔基地抗寒性鉴定相结合的策略,开展武陵山区杂交水稻育种。恩施自治州的自然和社会经济条件在武陵山区具有相当的典型性和代表性,本所根据上述策略,经过多年努力,在优质、高产、多抗和熟期多样化的新组合选育上取得了一定的成效。2.1 充分发掘和利用本地区优异种质资源,积极引进区外优异种质资源,不断丰富可资利用的育种基础材料我所对引进或选育的种质资源经过多年鉴定筛选,发现其中可作抗源、特种米资源或抗寒性资
10、源加以利用的有:青谷矮3号、国际所1号、HB542、班利1号、谷云糯、云粳136、北陆130、中系8610、Cypress、Gulfmont、Lebonnet、ToBo-2、924471、双矮85、谷农13和梧农1号等,见表1。今后还要加大引进和征集的力度。表1 可利用的部分种质资源的主要特性Table 1 The major characteristics of some useful germplasms.材料名称Name类型Type来源Source鉴定年限/aYears identified主要特性Major characteristics青谷矮3号 Qingguai 3籼 Indica
11、广东 Guangdong18持久抗瘟,抗寒,保野败。PRB,CT,M.国际所1号 Guojisuo 1籼 Indica广东 Guangdong18持久抗瘟,抗寒。PRB,CT.HB542籼 Indica湖北 Hubei15持久抗瘟,抗寒,恢野败,米质较好。PRB,CT,R,GQ.班利1号 Banli 1籼 Indica云南 Yunnan15持久抗瘟,抗寒,米质好,红皮糯米,恢野败。PRB,CT,GQ,RW,R.谷云糯 Guyunnuo籼 Indica福建 Fujian10持久抗瘟,抗寒,糯米。PRW,CT,W.云粳136 Yunjing 136粳 Japonica云南 Yunnan15持久抗瘟
12、,抗寒。PRB,CT.北陆130 Beilu 130粳 Japonica日本 Japan10持久抗瘟,抗寒。PRB,CT.中系8610 Zhongxi 8610粳 Japonica中国农科院CAAS5持久抗瘟,抗寒,千粒重高。PRB,CT,HGW.梧农1号 Wunong 1籼 Indica广西 Guangxi18持久抗瘟,抗寒,保野败。PRB,CT,M.Gulfmont爪 Javanica美国 USA5米质特优,抗瘟。VGQ,RB.Cypress爪 Javanica美国 USA5米质特优,抗瘟。VGQ,RB.Lebonnet爪 Javanica美国 USA5米质特优,较抗瘟。VGQ,MRB.T
13、oBo-2爪 Javanica湖南 Hunan8米质优,抗瘟。GQ,RB.924471籼 Indica恩施 Enshi10持久抗瘟。PRB.双矮85 Shuangai 85籼 Indica广东 Guangdong15持久抗瘟,抗寒,保野败。PRB,CT,M.谷农13 Gunong 13籼 Indica福建 Fujian18持久抗瘟,抗寒,保野败。PRB,CT,M.1):PRB=persistent resistance of blast;CT=cold tolerance;M=maintainer of WA type;R=restorer of WA type;GQ=good quality
14、;VGQ=very good quality;RW=red waxy rice;W= waxy rice;HGW=heavy grain weight.2.2 加强区域协作,不断增加病圃基础设施投入,提高鉴定筛选的有效性本地区稻瘟病菌生理小种分布广泛,小种组成较复杂,致病力强的小种较多,且各地优势小种不尽相同,区内育种单位之间应加强协作,通过加大基础设施投入建立多病圃对引育的种质资源和亲本进行联合鉴定,有利于筛选出符合育种目标具有持久广谱抗性的种质资源和亲本。2.3 充分合理地利用筛选出的符合育种目标的种质资源和亲本利用筛选出的符合育种目标的种质资源作创制人工制恢(保)组合的亲本。配组后F1代
15、种植在非病区,F2代种植在各病区,F3代及其以后世代株系一式多份分别种植于非病区、各高海拔抗寒性鉴定基地和各病区试验田,在非病区重点选择米质、产量构成因素、株叶型和生育期等综合农艺性状,各病区重点鉴定选择对稻瘟病的抗性,各高海拔抗(耐)寒性鉴定基地鉴定抗寒性,在各地均表现优良的恢复(保持)株系(或单株)当选,待这些株系(或单株)各种性状稳定后,再进入一般的杂交水稻育种程序。如我所育成的恢复系恩恢58、恩恢325、恩恢995、恩恢80、恩恢218等,不育系27A、29A,杂优组合福优325、福优218、福优995、福优58和优58等,就是通过病圃兼抗寒性鉴定基地(恩施两河)胁迫选择与非病区(所内
16、)同步选择相结合而育成的。其中,恩恢58、恩恢325、恩恢995和恩恢80及所配组合福优325、福优58、福优995、福优80和优80等不但抗瘟性好,而且具有较强的抗(耐)寒性,见表2。恩恢58和恩恢995稻米品质好,见表3。表2 本所育成的部分品种的主要特征特性Table 2 The major characteristics of some parents and F1 hybrids developed by the Enshi Research Institute品种名称Name产量/(t.hm-2)Yield抗瘟性/级Blast resistence /scale耐寒性1)/级 Co
17、ld tolerance /scale恩恢58 Enhui 587.5033恩恢325 Enhui 3257.5031恩恢995 Enhui 9957.5031恩恢80 Enhui 806.7501恩恢218 Enhui 2187.500527A1329A13福优325 Fuyou 3258.259.7513福优218 Fuyou 2188.259.7505福优995 Fuyou 9958.2513福优58 Fuyou 588.259.7513优58 You 588.259.7553优80 You 808.2511注:1)为2002年高海拔(1005m)病圃鉴定结果。Note: 1)The i
18、dentifying results at an elevation of 1500 m in 2002.2.3.2 对于筛选出的符合育种目标各种性状稳定综合表现优良的种质资源和亲本,可以直接进入一般的杂交水稻育种程序加以利用。如不育系地谷A、福伊A、-32A和金23A等,恢复系明恢63、明恢86、蜀恢527、HR195、密阳46、多系1号、泸恢57、IR36辐-2、明恢77和测64-7等,利用这些不育系和恢复系直接配组而成的组合在产量(如优系列、蜀恢527系列和明恢86系列等组合)、米质(如金优系列组合)、抗瘟性(如福伊系列和地谷系列等组合)的一方面或几方面比对照有较大突破。表3 恩恢58、
19、恩恢995和恩恢325稻米品质主要指标Table 3 The grain quality characters of Enhui 58,Enhui 995 and Enhui 325品种Nema糙米率/%Brown rice精米率 /%Milled rice整精米率/%Head rice粒长 /mmKernel length长宽比L/W ratio垩白率 /%Chalky rice垩白度 /Chalkiness透明度 /Transparency /Scale糊化温度 /Gelatinization temperature /Scale胶稠度 /mmGel consistency直链淀粉 /%A
20、mylose content蛋白质 /%Protein content恩恢58 Enhui 5880.6372.5654.136.12.8-64313.188.42恩恢995 Enhui 99581.573.3565.56.12.510-45612.498.06恩恢325 Enhui 32579.8271.8444.186.42.718-76014.187.58注:湖北省农科院农业测试中心检测结果,依据标准:NY14788。2.3.3 对于筛选出的符合育种目标各种性状稳定综合表现优良具有保持能力的种质资源和亲本,还可以通过三交育种途径加以利用2。自90年代以来,我所以基础不育系(配合力高、异交
21、结实好,但不抗稻瘟病)桥梁保持系(通过多病圃联合鉴定筛选出的稳定高抗稻瘟病的材料)恢复系的方式,成功地育成了恩优58、恩优995、恩优325和恩优80等三交组合,其抗性和适应性较相应单交组合显著提高。2.4 耐寒性强优组合的选配与高海拔基地耐寒性鉴定 根据我们的试验研究,要育成抗(耐)寒杂优组合,必须选用抗(耐)寒的不育和恢复系,只有不育和恢复系均为抗(耐)寒的,其所配组合才具有较好的抗(耐)寒性。如我所新育成的杂优组合优80、福优132、福优995和优132等,其不育系和恢复系的抗寒性均较好。在育种过程中,对已基本定型的恢复系、保持系、不育系及苗头组合在各高海拔抗寒性鉴定基地同步进行抗(耐)
22、寒性鉴定试验。韩龙植,乔永利,高熙宗,等 3 提出,在水稻幼苗期以叶枯度来选择幼苗期耐冷性强的个体是获得高产耐冷后代材料的有效途径,根据我们的观察研究,应以幼苗期耐冷性鉴定和孕穗期耐冷性(结实率)鉴定结合来选择抗(耐)寒的材料和杂优组合。建立高海拔抗寒性鉴定基地,应考虑与抗病育种基地建立相结合,这将有利于降低成本,使抗(耐)寒性鉴定与抗瘟性鉴定同步开展,也有利于在较低世代实现抗(耐)寒性鉴定与抗瘟性的有机结合,提高育种效率。我所两河基地就具有可同时鉴定抗瘟性和抗寒性的能力,恩恢995、恩恢325、恩恢80和CR01132等就是通过这种方式鉴定筛选的。3. 主要育(引)种成就经过多年努力,本地区
23、成功地鉴定或育成了一批优质抗病的恢复系、不育系和杂优组合,并相继通过各级水稻品种审定。具体见表4。4. 讨论非病区育种基地的建立,要考虑生态条件和生产水平的代表性,结合地方特色资源开发(如富硒、有色米种资的开发利用等),以利于育成熟期多样化、有地方特色和具有广泛适应性的三系材料和强优组合。目前,在加强区内育种单位之间的协作和建立多病圃进行联合育种鉴定方面,尚未形成一个有效的机制,深度和广度也不够,有待区内各育种单位携手共建,并逐步完善和深化。表4 本区近年审(认)定的部分品种的主要特征特性Table 4 The major characteristics of some registered
24、varieties in recent years.品种Name审定级别Registration level 1)审定年份Year of registration重要特性Major characteristics 2)恩恢 58 Enhui 58州审P1996配合力高,恢复力强,米质优,抗瘟。HC,SR,GQ,RB恩恢 325 Enhui 325州审P2000配合力高,恢复力强,米质好,抗瘟。HC,SR,GQ,RB恩恢 995 Enhui 995州审P2000配合力高,恢复力强,米质优,抗瘟。HC,SR,GQ,RB恩恢 80 Enhui 80州审P2000配合力高,恢复力强,持久抗瘟,耐寒。H
25、C,SR,PSR,CT恩A En A州审P1998配合力高,异交结实率高,抗(耐)稻瘟。HC,HOC,RB-32A州审P1992配合力高,异交结实率高。HC,HOC优IA You I A州审P1992配合力高,异交结实率高。HC,HOC福优 57 Fuyou 57国审N2002抗稻瘟病,产量高,稳产性好。RB,HSY优 58 You 58国审N2003丰产稳产,适应性广,米饭适口性好,耐稻瘟病。HSH,WA,GEQ,RB福优 325 Fuyou 325国审N2003抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,适应性广,耐寒性强。RB,HSY,WA,CT福优 218 Fuyou 218国审N2003抗稻瘟病,丰产性好。
26、RB,HY优明 86 YouMing 86州审P1999丰产性好。穗大粒多。HY,BP福优 995 Fuyou 995州审P2001抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,耐寒性强,适应性广。RB,HSY,CT,WA福优 58 Fuyou 58州审P2001抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,米饭适口性好,适应性广。RB,HSY,GEQ,WA福优 80 Fuyou 80州审P2000抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,耐寒性强。RB,HSY,CT福优 195 Fuyou 195州审P2001抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,耐寒性较强。RB,HSY,CT福优 527 Fuyou 527州审P2002抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,适应性较广。RB,HSY,WA恩优 58
27、 Enyou 58州审P1998耐稻瘟病,丰产稳产,耐寒性较强,适应性广。RB,HSY,CT,WA恩优 995 Enyou 995州审P2000耐稻瘟病,丰产稳产,耐寒性强,适应性广。RB,HSY,CT,WA金优 58州审P2001米质较优,米饭适口性好,产量较高。GQ,GEQ,HY金优 995州审P2000米质较优,米饭适口性好,产量较高。GQ,GEQ,HY金优 117州审P2002米质优,米饭适口性好,丰产稳产。GQ,GEQ,HSY汕优多1 州审P1997中抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产。MRB,HSY恩优 325 Enyou 325州审P2000耐稻瘟病,丰产稳产,耐寒性强,适应性广。RB,HSY,
28、CT,WA恩优 80 Enyou 80州审P2000抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,耐寒性强,适应性广。RB,HSY,CT,WA福优 86 Fuyou 86州审P2000抗稻瘟病,丰产稳产,适应性较广。RB,HSY,WA优995 You 995州审P2000耐稻瘟病,丰产稳产,米饭适口性好,适应性较广。RB,HSY,GEQ,WA温优3号 Wenyou 3州审P1990耐稻瘟病,丰产稳产,米饭适口性好,适应性较广。RB,HSY,GEQ,WANote:1) P = prefectural; N = national. 2) HC = high combining ability; SR = strong re
29、storing ability; GQ = good quality; RB = resistant to biast; PSR = persistent resistance of blast; CT = cold tolerance; HOC = high outcrossing rate; HSY = high and stable yield; WA = wide abaptability; GEQ = good eating quality; BP = big panicle; HY = high yield; MRB = moderate resistance of blast.武
30、陵山区国家水稻品种区试有必要加快分熟组的步伐,同时建立专门的抗(耐)寒性鉴定基地,以期筛选出适应性更广,安全性更好的强优新组合。参考文献:1熊振民,蔡洪法.中国水稻M.北京: 中国农业出版社,1990. 2袁利群,杨隆维,向极钎,等. 三交育种在三系杂交水稻抗瘟育种中的应用研究J.杂交水稻.2003,(6):7-9.3韩龙植,乔永利,高熙宗,等.水稻幼苗期耐冷性选择对主要农艺性状的影响J.中国水稻科学.2002, 16 (4):315-320.Probing Into the Breeding Aim And Tactics of Hybrid Rice In Wuling Mountain
31、Area Yang Longwei Li Jihui Wang Guangjian Yuan Liqun Duan TaipingXu Min Xiang Jiqian Long Jiashun Yuan Mulan(The Agricultural Science Resaerch Institute of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Enshi Hubei 445002)Abstract: The paper advances a breeding aim of hybrid rice in Wuling Mountain Area according to t
32、he complicated ecology condition and the plentiful breeding practices: the focal breeding point is rice blast resistance and frigid-resistance, breaking through the seed selection on rice quality and resistance of Male sterile line and Restorer line on the basis of the total breeding aim of high qua
33、lity, high yielding , multi- resistance and extensive adaptability, so as to achieve its unity. The main tactics for achieving the aim is that, exploring and utilizing the fine gerplasm resources, strengthening the coordination between the breeding organizations, seeting up the multiple germs-nursey
34、 in order to screen the gerplasm resources, combinations and parents, breeding new combinations which conforms with the breeding aim through the germs area selection,non-germs area selection and the screening of frigid resistant variety at high level. A series of Male sterile line, Restorer line and
35、 fine crossbreed combinations with the characters of high quality,multi-resistance have been bred or appraised successfully,and also adopted the variety examination.Key Words: hybrid rice, breeding aim, breeding tactics, Wuling Mountain AreaEditors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist a
36、nd photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the wo
37、rlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was hea
38、rtbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a sp
39、ace capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,0
40、00 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was create
41、d for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did n
42、ot stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustropho
43、bia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborte
44、d.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move thro
45、ugh the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. A
46、s he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth