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1、 XXXX学院课程设计 评定成绩： 题目：霓虹灯的PLC控制系 别： 专 业： 班 级： 学 号： 姓 名： 指导教师： 完成时间： XXXXX学院霓虹灯闪烁设计 目 录一、设计要求：2二、摘要：3三、总体方案的确定3四、电气控制元件和PLC的选用4五、设计元件分配图5六、接线图6七、程序设计说明及过程分析6八、霓虹灯闪烁功能流程图：7九、梯形图：8十、指令表：11十一、结论：14十二、体会14十三、参考文献15一、设计要求：霓虹灯设计要求如下：1. 当按I0.0，L1亮，1S后L1灯熄灭，同时L2,L3,L4,L5亮起,1S后，L2,L3,L4,L5灯的熄灭，L6,L7,L8,L9灯亮，1S
2、后灭；反复循环亮周2. 接着L1亮，1S后L2,L3,L4,L5亮，1S后L6,L7,L8,L9亮，1S后全灭；循环两周3. 再接着以0.5s的速度循环闪烁L1,L4,L8;L1,L5,L9;L1,L2,L6;L1,L3，L7,逆序两周后，反序两周，依次为L1,L5,L8;L1,L4,L7;L1,L3,L6;L1,L2,L9,反复两周。4. 重复上述循环，I0.0断开时停止。二、摘要：随着工业生产的迅速发展，市场竞争激烈，产品更新换代的周期日趋缩短。由于传统的继电器控制系统存在着设计制造周期长，维修和改变控制逻辑困难的缺点，因此越来越不能适应工业现代化发展的需求，迫切需要新型相应的自动控制装置
3、。PLC控制霓虹灯闪烁的编程语言容易掌握，是电控人员熟悉的梯形图语言，使用术语依然是“继电器”一类术语，大部分与继电器触头的连接相对应，使电控人员一目了然。PLC控制使用简章，它的I/O已经做好，输入输出信号可直接连接，非常方便，而输出口具有一定驱动能力，当工作程序需要改变时，只需改变PLC的内部，无需对外围进行重新改动，从这些方面突出了使用PLC控制霓虹扥闪烁的优越性。三、总体方案的确定设计方案根据下图的闪烁方式可得出以下几点：1.当按下I 0.0通电时，灯L1 首先亮，根据设计要求1S后L1灯熄灭，同时L2,L3,L4,L5亮起，该过程中的熄灭要求可用通电延时定时器的常开及常闭触点来完成。
4、1S后L2,L3,L4,L5灯的熄灭及L6,L7,L8,L9灯的亮同样由通电延时定时器的常开及常闭触点来完成，循环两次及下一个控制求的达到可有加法计数器的常开及常闭触点来完成。2后面灯闪烁要求的工作方式可同第一步中器材及方式来完成（即：也是由通电延时定时器的常开及常闭触点的通断来完成。循环次数可由计数器来完成。3.该设计电路为标准的闪烁电路，也称为震荡电路。在实际程序设计中，如果电路中用到闪烁功能，往往直接用两个或两个以上的定时器组成闪烁电路。四、电气控制元件和PLC的选用 控制元件选用： 1按钮开关 一个 2. 连接导线 若干根 3 霓虹灯 九只 4 接线盘 一个PLC的选择：设计中有一个输
5、入点 和九个输出点。按PLC使用的选择要求输入和输出端时都要有10%20%的扩展空间，而CPU224型有14点输入和10点输出，符合使用要求所以选择CPU224型。五、设计元件分配图输入设备PLC输入继电器代号功能SB1启动按钮、停止按钮I0.0输出设备PLC输出继电器代号功能HL1HL 2HL3HL4HL5HL6HL7HL8HL9灯L1灯L2灯L3灯L4灯L5灯L6灯L7灯L8灯L9Q0.0Q0.1Q0.2Q0.3Q0.4Q0.5Q0.6Q0.7Q1.0六、接线图七、程序设计说明及过程分析设计工艺：1.当启动时L1灯亮，1S后灭，L2.L3.L4,L5灯亮，1S后L2,L3,L4,L5L6,
6、L7,L8,L9灯亮，1S后灭，反复循环两次2.接着L1亮，1S后L2,L3L4,L5亮1S后L6,L7,L8,L9亮1S后全灭，循环次3.再接着以0.5S的速度依次循环闪烁。L1,L4,L8;L1,L5,L9;L1,L2,L6;L1,L3,L7逆序两周后，反序两周，依次为L1,L5,L8;L1,L4,L7;L1,L3,L6;L1,L2,L9循环两周。八、霓虹灯闪烁功能流程图：九、梯形图：十、指令表：十一、结论：通过这学期学习PLC，自己能理解、掌握一些简单控制系统的编程，掌握一些编程语言：顺序功能图、梯形图、功能块图、指令表等。通过该设计了解到更多的PLC类型的I/O点数及其功能特点，设计一
7、个实际的程序需要考虑PLC的选型，其选择PLC类型所需要的注意事项如下：1、PLC选型主要根据所需功能和容量进行选择，并考虑维护的方便性，备件的选型：通用性，是否易于扩展，有无特殊功能要求等。PLC输入/输出点确定：I/O点数选择时要留出适当余量；PLC存储容量：系统有模拟量信号存在或进行大量数据处理时容量应选择大一；PLC的扩展：可通过增加扩展模块、扩展单元与主单元连接的方式。扩展模块有输入单元、输出单元、输入/输出一体单元。扩展部分超出主单元驱动能力时选用带电源的扩展模块或另外加电源模块给以支持。待添加的隐藏文字内容3 2、充分合理利用软、硬件资源：尽量利用PLC内部功能软元件，充分调用中
8、间状态，使程序具有完整连贯性，易于开发，同时也减少硬件投入，降低了成本；条件允许的情况下最好独立每一路输出，便于控制和检查，也保护其它输出回路；当一个输出点出现故障时只会导致相应输出回路失控；输出若为正/反向控制的负载，不仅要从PLC内部控制，还要在外部实施控制。十二、体会通过这次的实训设计，虽然只是对霓虹灯闪烁完成功能的设计，重体来说还是掌握了闪烁的方法，但是我的设计还是有几个问题：在设计中我用的是最基本的指令来完成了要求，从现实中这很不符合节约经济的原则。这及需要改进的。经过这半个学期的努力，在老师和同学的帮助下终于彻底的做完了毕业设计的所有工作。通过这次的课题设计，我能运用已学的知识解决
9、我在设计中遇到的问题，使自己的动手能力和思考问题的能力得到了很大的提高。在做设计的过程中我查阅了很多的资料，并认真的阅读这些与我的设计相关的资料，从而我的专业涵养得到了提高，知识的储备量也有所增加。在做设计时，我复习了很多专业课的知识，这使得我的专业知识在离校之前得到了巩固。由于我的毕业设计需要绘图，我在同学的帮助下学习使用Auto CAD绘图工具，并且现在能熟练的运用其进行绘图，我认为这是我在整个设计工程中得到的最好的回报。整个设计通过了软件和硬件上的调试、仿真。我想这对于自己以后的学习和工作都会有很大的帮助的。在这次设计中遇到了很多实际性的问题，在实际设计中才发现，书本上理论性的东西与在实
10、际运用中的还是有一定的出入的，所以有些问题不但要深入地理解，而且要不断地更正以前的错误思维。对于单片机设计，其硬件电路是比较简单的，主要是解决程序设计中的问题。而程序设计是一个很灵活的东西，它反映了你解决问题的逻辑思维和创新能力。它才是一个设计的灵魂所在。因此在整个设计过程中大部分时间是用在程序上面的。很多子程序是可以借鉴书本上的，但怎样衔接各个子程序才是关键的问题所在，这需要对单片机的结构很熟悉。因此可以说单片机的设计是软件和硬件的结合，二者是密不可分的。但是，通过这次设计我也发现自己的很多不足之处。在设计过程中我发现自己考虑问题很不全面，自己的专业知识掌握的很不牢固，所掌握的计算机应用软件
11、还不够多，我希望自己的这些不足之处能在今后的工作和学习中得到改善。而且，通过这次设计，我懂得了学习的重要性，学会了坚持和努力，这将为以后的学习做出了最好的榜样！同时，该设计也有不足之处，霓虹灯有很多种闪烁方式而我只掌握了最基本一种。我将会在以后的学习中继续学习，多掌握其他的闪烁方式。十三、参考文献1、电气控制与PLC应用 许鄝 王淑英 编 电子工业出版社2图解西门子S7-200系列PLC应用88例郑凤翼 金沙 编 机械工业出版社3.可编程控制器实验指导书 浙江天煌科技实业有限公司4. 电气控制与PLC原理及应用（西门子系列）（第二版） 李道霖 编Employment tribunals sor
12、t out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about di
13、smissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure
14、 to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.If you are worried about how
15、the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employme
16、nt tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their
17、 fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre cle
18、ar about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, se
19、eEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow
20、 and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of
21、European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of
22、 a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something,
23、or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things real
24、ly do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the p
25、ast three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when g
26、raduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像
27、并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are
28、 always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doo
29、med. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sk
30、y is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, fina
31、lly, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be v
32、ery calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.8
33、5 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe
34、balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fas
35、t, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the
36、 water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans
37、to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there
