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1、 辅修专业学士学位毕业论文（设计）题目（中文）： 网络语言的特征 （英文）： A Study of the features of cyber language 学 院 年级专业 学生姓名 学 号 指导教师 完 成 日 期 年 月A Study of the features of cyber languageWritten by Supervised by A Thesis Submitted to Shanghai Normal UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Bachelor o
2、f ArtsIn English LanguageForeign Languages College, Shanghai Normal UniversityDecember 2011ContentAcknowledgementsiAbstractii摘要iiiI.Introduction11.1 Research purpose and significance11.2 definition and characteristics of cyber language11.3 literature review21.3.1 Cyber English abroad21.3.2 Cyber Eng
3、lish research at home2II.Analysis of cyber language32.1 phonological features32.1.1 The use of onomatopoeias32.1.2 The Use of Original Homophones42.1.3 The Use of Sound Repetitions52.2 Graphological Features52.3 Lexical Features82.3.1 Word-formation82.3.2 Semantic Change102.4 Syntactic Features112.4
4、.1 Preference of Short and Simple Sentences112.4.2 The Frequent Use of Interrogative Sentences12III.Discussions and Conclusion133.1 Summary of the Major Findings133.2 Implications of the Present Study133.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research14Bibliography15AcknowledgementsMy deepest grat
5、itude goes first and foremost to Professor Zhao fei, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. He helped me a lot in choosing the topic of this thesis. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this t
6、hesis could not have reached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the professors and teachers at the Department of English, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past three years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerat
7、ions and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.AbstractWith the internet irresistibly surg
8、ing into every corner of peoples life, millions of people take the Internet as a communication medium and attach great importance to the power of the internet for its convenience and efficiency. A new variety of language-cyber language has gradually taken its shape in cyber space. Thus, this thesis
9、aims at testing the impact of modern technology and development of online communication on current communication skills and possible deviations from the standard use of language so that we can make better use of internet resources and improve the study of language. This paper can be divided into thr
10、ee parts. The first part is introduction, including some studies abroad and at home. The second part is about the features of cyber language which is the most important part of this paper. The third part is a conclusion of study and a suggestion for further and in-depth researches. Through this pape
11、r, we can see the development of cyber language and some examples. Thus we can improve our communication skills with others. Key words: cyber language; communication; Internet; chat摘要随着互联网势不可挡地进入人们的生活的每一个角落，人们逐渐将互联网作为一种新的通信介质重视起来，它给我们的生活带来了极大的方便和效率。在互联网的虚拟空间里，一种新的语言，即网络语言逐渐形成。因此，本文的目的在于研究现代通讯技术和网络交际
12、对语言交流的影响和网络聊天的时候沟通技巧可能出现的偏差。这样我们能更好地利用网络资源并为英语学习者提供帮助。文章分为三部分：第一部分是引言，主要介绍了网络语言的在国内外的研究状况。第二部分探讨了当今网络语言的几种特征，并展开进行论述，这一部分是全文的核心。第三部分总结了第二部分的内容，并且为以后更深入的研究提出了意见。通过这篇论文，我们可以看到网络语言的发展和一些例子，借此可以提高与他人沟通的技巧。关键词：网络语言；交流；网络；聊天I. Introduction1.1 Research purpose and significanceWith the internet irresistibly
13、 surging into every corner of peoples life, millions of people take the Internet as a communication medium and attach great importance to the power of the internet for its convenience and efficiency. Gaining access to the Internet and communicating in the synchronous chat-rooms attract more and more
14、 people both at home and abroad. A new variety of language-cyber language has gradually taken its shape in cyber space. Thus, we determined to test the impact of modern technology and development of online communication on current communication skills and possible deviations from the standard use of
15、 language so that we can make better use of internet resources and improve the study of language. 1.2 definition and characteristics of cyber language“Cyber” is from the Greek word for navigator. Its a combining form meaning “computer,” “computer network,” or “virtual reality,” used in the formation
16、 of compound words. Thus, “cyber language” consists of two parts-“cyber”+”language”. Cyber here involves internet, electronic or computer-mediated. Cyber language refers to symbols, letters and sentences used on the internet. On the internet there are innumerable new words coming and dying. The inte
17、rnet provides a space for individuals to freely create new words for only one particular occasion. Those new words have their own characteristics.1) Convenience and brevityDue to the quickness of internet surfing, most of the time, Internet language is used for instant communication, therefore Inter
18、net language must be short and brief and convenient for users to communicate with each other. They tend to clip words that are frequently used. Although some of the words forms are not generally accepted by many conservative linguists and scholars, they prove to be effective and popular on the inter
19、net. 2) Internationality and nationalityCyber language was born after the invention of the internet. Its one of the products of internationalization. In cyber space, people from different nationalities demand a common comprehension and communicate with each other with no grammar limit. In this sense
20、, its international. However, every nation has developed its own cyber language which is the reflections of the national cultures. 3) Humorousness and vividnessInternet is often used by some interesting people. Most of them are young people. They are lively and creative. They create a relaxing and h
21、umorous atmosphere. So that most of cyber language are humorous and vivid.1.3 literature review 1.3.1 Cyber English abroad Cyber English is a popular topic in recent years. Because the internet is growing stronger, thus, cyber English becomes a pop language. Up till now, various theories and comment
22、s on cyber language are still under discussion. On the internet there are a lot of web sites or articles introducing cyber English. They generally concluded that online communication is an intermediate stage between oral and written modalities (Meyer 2004: 3;Vasic 2010:2). A book concerning cyber la
23、nguage is Language and the Internet, written by David Crystal who is one of the worlds foremost authorities on language and the editor of Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language (Crystal, 2001). It is regarded as the revolution of language and a guide to different kinds of internet communitie
24、s. In his book, David crystal probes into the nature of impact which the internet is making on language. After a brief introduction, Crystal devotes two chapters to the explanation of cyber language. Then he continues with separate chapters on email, chat group, virtual words, and the web. He is als
25、o talking about the limitations, in both quantity and quality, of the linguistic work that has been done on internet language.1.3.2 Cyber English research at homeIn China，although the introduction to the field is far behind the western countries，people were fascinated with itCyber language is drawin
26、g the attention of more and more scholars and linguistic studentsAccording to my literature collected from libraries and websites，the participants of the study on cyber language in China are generally divided into two types which are collecting and classifying Chinese cyber language online and study
27、ing on concepts and formations of cyber language.So we may see from above that the linguistic features in the Internet setting are still rarely noticedEven those who ever noticed fail to give a satisfactory explanation to its transmission and adaptation to cyber-space. So in this thesis the emphasis
28、 is shifted to the linguistic perspectiveIt will provide much-needed investigation of cyber language in English and Chinese chat-rooms.II. Analysis of cyber language2.1 phonological featuresThough the human throat can make amazingly numerous noises suggestive of meaning, only some of the sounds are
29、used systematically in a language. Throughout the dialogues that occur in the chat-rooms, one can identify a common impulse: there is a tendency to foreground the phonetic qualities of language. It is easily to discern intensified engagement with the language. The language produced by users demands
30、to be read with the simultaneous involvement of the ears and eyes. Such phonological features as onomatopoeias, homophones and repetition of sounds are frequently used by the chatters to make what they write more colloquial-like.2.1.1 The use of onomatopoeiasOnomatopoeia means a word that sounds lik
31、e the common sound of the object it is describing (Xia 2006: 32). These words are designed to convey their meanings through their sounds. It usually imitates sounds made by a person, animal, thing or associated with some action or movement. For example, “moo” for sound made by a cow, “meow” for a ca
32、ts cry; examples of imitation of things like the bang of doors, the rattle of windows and the crackles of fire onomatopoeias are widely employed by the participants in the chat-rooms to make their language more vivid and impressive. The words that express sounds of all kinds of smile and cry are fre
33、quently used such as “哈哈” “呵呵” “嘿嘿” “嘻嘻” “呜呜”. Besides, the Chinese characters, other creative ways are used to imitate sounds: for example, the Chinese Pinyin “haha”, “hehe” mimic the sound of laughing, “huhuhu” and the comic-book style word “zzzzzz” is the sound of snoring. In addition, in order t
34、o achieve the auditory effects of writing, participants usually apply advice of the repetition of letters in conjunction with onomatopoeia. Such words like buzz, fizz, hiss, ow can be written as buzzzz, fizzzz, hisssss and owowowow, in which it seems extended slightly and the meaning is emphasized.2
35、.1.2 The Use of Original HomophonesIn order to make cyber language more expressive, humorous and efficient in writing, netizens are continually creating new ways of expression, among which homophone is such a kind. Homophones refer to one of two or more words, such as night and knight, which are pro
36、nounced the same but differ in meaning, origin, and spelling. Homophones are rich in chat-rooms cyber language, which can be generally divided into four categories in this study.1.English letters stand for a word: in general, one can observe a tendency in the chat-room cyber language for words to be
37、 stripped down to the fewest possible letters. Some common single letter forms are: u=you, r=are, b=be, may be=maybe, c u=see you, OIC=oh, I see, or open, I Seek You. Some substitute words whose pronunciations are approximately to that of the letters such as ur stands for your. At first glance, thes
38、e may look in significant. But in fact, they are strong clues which reveal the capability among the netizens in manipulating sounds, to express themselves in the most direct and economical way. 2. The homophones of Chinese: for example, the administrator of BBS is usually written as“斑竹”; people pref
39、er to call those netizens who are highly skilled with computer as “大虾” instead of“大侠”. other examples as “主银”(主人),“童鞋”(同学),“肿么了”(怎么了),“驴友”（旅友），“稀饭”（喜欢）etc. Netizens choose those homophones for the sake of convenience and funniness. These words are lively and interesting, easily to be understood, thu
40、s gradually gaining popularity among netizens.3. The homophones consisting of numbers: tapping a number key is apparently much easier, convenient and less time-consuming than typing out the letters one by one. Thus, this kind of homophones is widely used in both English and Chinese. For instance,520
41、 means 我爱你，1314means 一生一世.There is another kind of situation in which numbers are employed resulting from their connotative association instead of pronunciations. For instance, “007” indicates that there is a secret for you; “1 0.1” suggests a celebration since October 1st is Chinas National Day. Th
42、e creation of all kinds of these original homophones make it much easier for people to spell them and thus shorten the time of typing and speed up the online communication between chatters. In order to understand their earning of these expressions correctly, people should first know the exact pronun
43、ciations of such words, letters and numbers, read the mouth, and then associate them with some other words sharing the similar pronunciations.2.1.3 The Use of Sound RepetitionsRepetition is the act or process or an instance of repeating or being repeated. The sound repetitions have occasionally been
44、 exploited in Chinese cyber language. People are inclined to use the infant language in order to obtain the effect of being cute, intimate and humorous. Here are some examples, “漂漂”means beautiful “漂亮”; “虫虫” stands for netizens “网虫”，“东东” is used to refer to something“东西”;other examples as “笨笨”(fooli
45、sh),“多多”(many),“坏坏”(tricky) and “怕怕” (fear), etc. The key point for the explanation of the occurrence of these words is that many netizens are young people. They have shown their peculiarities of “the new generation”, such as cuteness, innovation and originality on the aspect of language.2.2 Graphol
46、ogical FeaturesGraphology is the research of the writing system of an individual language. Analyzing the graphological features of a text is one of the essential parts of analyzing the cyber language. Graphological analysis concerns such features as spelling, capitalization, hyphenation, italicizati
47、on, paragraphing, etc (Kamela 2010: 27). Different registers make particular use of graphological features. These features can be expressive when a writer deliberately makes a marked or unconventional choice. 2.2.1 SpellingWith the samples collected from different Internet chat-rooms, there are Engl
48、ish as well as Chinese, misspellings occur in any situation where there is fast typing and a lack of editorial revision. Thus, it seems to be a natural feature of the messages in chat-rooms. Owing to the mentality of keeping a fast pace of the contributions as to the face-to-face conversation, the participants are inclined to type their messages as quickly as possible. Once the messages are sent out, there is no way for the correction of the sp
