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1、物流管理英文PPT,Outline,What is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planning,Example:a skiwear maker,Retail season from Sep to DecOver 95%of the products are new designs each yearRetail stores are located in North Americamost outerwear(parkas,pants,suits,shells,and ja
2、ckets)are produced in AsiaEach style comes in several colors and there are several style/colors in total,What needs to be done in order to make a sale?,Example:Boeing 787,Example:Boeing 787,The design of Boeing 787 was finished in four countries as USA,Japan,Italian,and Russia.In the project of Boei
3、ng 787,more than 4 million parts will be produced in more than 40 countries.Boeing only produced less then 10%part in this project.And he will assemble the parts in his own manufactory.,Example:Boeing 787,WingJapan,BodyItalian,UndercarriageFrance,RudderChina,WingJapan,Example:The hub of FedEx,Memphi
4、s,Louisville,Example:The hub of UPS,Example:The hub in Pacific-Asia,Example:The hub in European,Challenges,ChallengeHow to make the manufacture more efficiently,how to connect the difference plants more tightly,how to reduce the cost and how to increase the service level?What is the basic support to
5、 this performance?One answer is logisticsBut,why?,The Immediate Supply Chain for an Individual Firm,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,1-2,Value-added Role,ProductionForm,Marketing*Possession,LogisticsTime and Place,*Engineering and Finance may also be involved.,Logistics different perspective,Management of
6、 materials in motion and at rest InventoryGetting the right product to the customer,in the right quantity,in the right condition,at the right place,at the right time,and at the right cost(called the“seven Rs of logistics”)CustomerThe branch of military science having to do with procuring,maintaining
7、,and transporting material,personnel,and facilities-Dictionary,Logistics different perspective,That part of the supply chain process that plans,implements,and controls the efficient,effective flow and storage of goods,services,and related information from point of origin to point of consumption in o
8、rder to meet customer requirements Council of Logistics ManagementHandling the details of an activity Common culture,Evolution of Supply Chain Management,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Subdivisions of Logistics,Military logisticsEvent logisticsLogistics in manufacturingLogistics in services,“Logistics a
9、lso proved a problem in this idyllic but remote location.The day before the festival,a plane skidded off the runway,closing Lijiang airport for the day.Music fans,media and performers found themselves grounded.Many had to take overnight bus rides from Kunming to Lijiang.But getting to Lijiang was ju
10、st the beginning.The festival site itself was a 45-minute drive out of town,in the shadow of Snow Mountain.Transport problems plagued the weekend,a situation made more unbearable by the weather.”Turned on,turned in and washed out,SCMP,Aug.24,2002,“As a combat arms officer,I learned early on that its
11、 the logisticians that get you to the battle and sustain you in the battle.”General Colin PowellFormer Chairman,Joint Chiefs of Staff,“An army marches on its stomach!”,“Dr.Amy,the medical director of American Red Cross(ARC)s regional blood center for the northern Ohio region located in Cleveland,was
12、 in low spirits.Following March,in which severe outdating of blood products had taken place,she was facing an extreme shortage of blood in April.The substantial outdating of blood products in March and their severe shortage in April had proved very costly.She reflected upon the ARCs stated mission“o
13、f providing the highest quality blood components at the lowest possible cost.”She wondered if some changes in its blood inventory management program would reduce operating costs for ARC and also increase the availability of blood to the hospitals that it supplies.”Business Logistics Management,Ronal
14、d H.Ballou,“In two years National Semiconductor reduced distribution costs by 2.5 percent,decreased delivery time by 47 percent,and increased sales by 34 percent by closing six warehouses around the globe and air-freighting microchips to customers from a new centralized distribution center in Singap
15、ore.”Henkoff,R.Delivering the goods,Fortune,Nov.28,1994,Outline,What is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planning,Logistics,ObjectivesCustomer serviceCost Add valueTimePlace,ActivitiesOrder processingTransportationInventoryLocationWarehousingPackagingMaterial
16、 handlingSourcing,quality detailed production scheduling equipment maint.capacity,customer service standards pricing packaging retail location,promotion market research product mix sales force management,product scheduling plant location purchasing,transport inventory order processing material handl
17、ing,Production/Operations,Logistics,Marketing,Logistics and Finance/Accounting,ROA=(revenue-expenses)/assetsLogistics can impact ROA in several waysinventory is an asset on the balance sheetutilization of logistics related assetslogistics cost Logistics managers have to justify investment in logisti
18、cs-related assets.Accounting systems are critical for providing cost information for logistics,The Importance and Challenge,Logistics creates values to customers;The costs are significant;Logistics can gain competitive advantage.Product life cycles become shorter and shorter;Supply chain become more
19、 complex;Product variety increases,Competitive advantage,DellSell directly from its website and call-centersBuild to orderOutsource component production and express shippingZaraSpeed to market in around five weeks(industry norm:6-9 months)Avoid mass productionWal-MartCollaborative planning forecasti
20、ng and replenishmentCross-dockingRFID,Outline,What is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planning,Logistics Triangle,Customer Service,Transportation,Inventory,Location,Other Issues,WarehousingInternational logisticsReverse logisticsIT issuesEDI,Internet,ERP and
21、 othersSourcing,Plant:Houston,Market:Chicago,Production cost:$8Price at Market:$15,Transportation and storage cost(per cwt):$5Weight per shirt:1 pound,Example:current practice,Example:an alternative,Raw materials:Houston,Plant:China,Market:Chicago,Import duty:$0.5,Production cost:$4,Transportation a
22、nd storage costs(per cwt.):$6,Weight of raw material:1 pound,Shipping cost(per cwt.):$2,Example:questions,From a logistics-production cost standpoint,should the shirt be produced in China?What additional considerations,other than the above logistics-production tradeoff,might be considered before mak
23、ing a final decision?,Outline,What is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planning,Decision area,Strategic,Tactical,Operational,Transportation,Mode selection,Seasonal equip-,ment leasing,Dispatching,Inventories,Location,Control policies,Safety stock levels,Order
24、 filling,Order,processing,Order entry,transmittal,and processing system,design,Processing,orders,Filling,back orders,Purchasing,Development of supplier-,buyer relations,Contracting,Forward buying,Expediting,Warehousing,Handling equipment,selection,Layout design,Space utilization,Order picking,and re
25、stocking,Facility,location,Number,size,and,location of warehouses,Strategic,Tactical,and Operational Planning,Guidelines for Logistics Planning,Total cost conceptsDifferentiated distributionPostponementConsolidationStandardization,Total cost concepts,Rail,Truck,Air,Cost,Cost of transportation,Invent
26、ory cost,Inventory and transportation costs trade-off,Cost,Cost of transportation,order processing and inventory,Lost sales cost,Cost vs.customer service level,Improved customer service,Cost,Inventory cost,Revenue,Transportation cost,Revenue,Increasing number of stocking points,Setting number of sto
27、cking points,Cost,Inventory holding cost,Lost sales cost,Setting inventory level,Average inventory level,Cost,Inventory holding cost,Transportationcost,Setting the frequency of delivery,Delivery interval,Differentiated distribution,Idea:not all products or customers should be treated the same way.Ex
28、ample 1:availability,A item:gasolineB item:tires,batteries,oil,grease and transmission fluidC item:valve stems,windshield wiper blades,radiator caps,hoses,fan belts,car wax,Example 2:customer,Central warehouse,Local warehouse,Local warehouse,customer,customer,customer,customer,customer,Example 3:ord
29、er status,CUSTOMER,Postponement,Many retailers do not keep inventory other than samples.(time)Dell Computer configures computer systems to customer orders.(form)Steel service centers cut standard shapes and sizes of steel products into custom products for customers(form),Central Idea,To avoid shippi
30、ng(keeping)goods in anticipation of when demand will occur(time postponement)and to avoid creating the form of the final product in anticipation of that form(form postponement),Chocolate 5,Vanilla 5,demand=8,demand=2,Plain 10,Add chocolate flavor,Add vanilla flavor,Applicability,Technology&process d
31、esignFeasible to decouple primary and postponed operationsLimited complexity of customizing Quick customizationProductHigh commonality of modulesHigh value density of productsMarketShort product life cyclesDemand uncertaintyVaried markets and customers,Consolidation,InventoryVehicle consolidationWar
32、ehouse consolidationTemporal consolidation,Standardization,Logistics cost increases when product variety increasesExample:automakers create product variety by adding or substituting options at the point of sales;Different models of computers share a lot of common componentsStandard containers,What is logistics?Logistics in a firmMain issues in logistics managementLogistics planning,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢,
