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1、专升本语法复习,主谓一致,在,英语,句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动,词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可,归纳为三个原则,即,语法一致、逻辑,意义一致,和,就近一致,原则,。,一、谓语动词为单数的情况,?,1.,由,and,连接的,并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成,套事物,a worker and writer;a knife and fork,e.g.1.The poet and writer.(come,）,2.A hammer and a saw useful tools.,考点：用,and,连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整,体,如,:bread and
2、 butter(,黄油抹面包,),knife and fork(,刀叉,),等,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,has come,are,2.Every and(every)/eachand(each),no and(no),many aand(many a),连接两,个单数名词作主语,.,e.g.1.Every boy and every girl_ to go swimming.,2.No teacher and no student_absent from the,meeting.,3.Each man and(each)woman _asked to,help.,likes,was,is,
3、考点,：,用连接的并列主语被,each,every,或,no,修饰时,谓语动词,用单数。,something,everything,anything,nothing,，,somebody,nobody,no one,等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。,思考：,1.Many a boy playing basketball.,许多男生都喜欢打篮球。,2.More than one student.,不只一个学生迟到。,3.More persons than one help us.,不止一个人来帮助我们。,likes,was late,come to,考点,：若主语中有,more than on
4、e,或,many a/an,，,尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍,用单数。,但,more+,复数名词,+than one,做主语,时,谓语动词仍用复数。,e.g.1.Serving the people _my greatest happiness.,为人民服务是我最大的幸福,.,2.When we,ll go out for an outing_.,我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。,is,has been decided,3.,不定式,(,短语,),动名词,(,短语,),或从句作主语时,谓语动,词用单数。,e.g.1.Air as well as water matter.,空气和水都是
5、物质。,2.No one except two servants late,for the dinner.,除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。,is,was,4.,单数主语,即使后面带有,with,along with,together with,like(,像,),but(,除了,),except,besides,as well as,no less,than,rather than(,而不是,),including,in addition to,引导的,短语,谓语动词仍用单数,5.one/every one/each/either/the number of+,复数,名词作主语,e.g.
6、Each of us something to say.,我们每个人都有话要说。,has,考点,：,each of+,复数代词,谓语动词用单数。复,数代词,+each,谓语动词用复数。,思考：,None of us perfect.,人无完人。,None of this me.,这事一点不使我着急。,are(is),worries,考点：,none,做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用,复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因,而谓语动词要用单数。,6.,无生命集体名词,clothing/cloth/furniture/traffic,/jewelry/luggage/poetry/equi
7、pment/machinery,（机,器,)/baggage,做主语,e.g.,1.,Clothing _ badly needed in this flooded area.,2.The number of the unemployed _ still increasing.,3.All their baggage _ stolen.,4.The furniture _ convenient to move.,5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China.,6.Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear
8、.,is,is,is,was,is,is,7.,以,ics,结尾的学科名称：,physics,mathematics,以,-s,结尾的疾病名称：,arthritis,(,关节炎），,diabetes,（,糖尿病）,，,bronchitis,(,支气管炎）,单一政治实体：,the United States,；,The United Nations,等,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,e.g.Arthritis _a disease causing pain and swelling,in the joints of the body.,Physics_an important subject in
9、 middle schools,is,is,8.,表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达,一个整体概念时。,e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left his,hometown.,is,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1.,由,and/both,and,连接的并列主语,2.,有,生命,的集体名词,people,police,cattle,vermin(,害,虫）,poultry,（家禽）,等作主语。,The police _looking for the missing child.,3.,由山脉,(The,Himalayas),、群岛、瀑布,(The
10、,Niagara,Falls),、运动会等,s,结尾的专有名词作主语。,The,Olympic,Games,_,held,once,every,four,years.,5.a number of/a group of+,名词作主语。,are,are,6.,由两个部分组成的名词，以,-s,结尾，,scissors,，,glasses,trousers,谓语动词必须用复数，但这,些名词前若出现,a pair of,谓语一般用单数。,e.g.One pair of scissors _ enough.,7.,这些以,-s,结尾的名词：,goods,clothes,arms,（武器）,firework
11、s,stairs,（楼梯）,wages,做主语，谓语动词用复数。,is,1.,集体名词,class,family,army,team,club,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group,等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成,员用复数。,His family _ a great one.,His family _ music lovers.,2.means,works,pains,等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。,The steel works _ near the station.,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况
12、而定,3.,“kind,sort,pair,type,，,amount,，,quantity,+,名词”,作主语，以这些名词本身的,单复数,而定。,4.all,none,some,any,等不定代词作主语，根据,其指代的内容而定。,All are present.,All the food tastes good.,5.,“half,/,most,/,enough,/,part,/,the,rest,/,the,last/lots/plenty/,分数、百分数,+of+,名词”,作主语,:,谓语动词要和,of,之后的名词单复数保持,一致。,例：,The rest of the bikes to
13、day.,剩下的自行车今天特价出售。,60%of the apple eaten by the little,boy.,这个苹果的,60%,都被这个小男孩吃了。,are on sale,was,考点一：主语中有,all,half,most,the rest,等,以及,“分数或百分数,+,名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复,数取决于连用的名词。,Here the bus,公共汽车来了。,Here a pen and some pieces of paper,for,you.,给你一支钢笔和几张纸。,comes,is,1.He is the only one of the students who _,
14、a winner of scholarship for three years.,A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,D,2.Mary is one of those people who pets.,玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。,raise,强化练习,3.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese,literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,解析：,a poet and artist,指一个人，既是诗人，也是
15、艺术家。,答案：,A,4.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the,frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.,A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going,解析：,主语仍为,the father,，单数形式；,as well as his three,children,作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。,答案：,C,5._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees,and grass.
16、,A.Two fifth,；,is B.Two fifth,；,are,C.Two fifths,；,is D.Two fifths,；,are,解析：,表示分数时，分子大于一，分母,(,序数词形式,),加,s,；主语,为,land,，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。,答案：,C,6.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution,，,but,the sky is still not clear.,A.is used B.are used,C.has been used D.have been used,解析：,every possible m
17、eans,每一种可行的方式；,means,单复,数,同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成,时的被动语态。,答案：,C,7.As a result of destroying the forests,，,a large _ of desert,_ covered the land.,A.number,；,has B.quantity,；,has,C.number,；,have D.quantity,；,have,解析：,a large number of,不修饰不可数名词；,a large,quantity of,不可数名词，谓语用单数。,答案：,B,8.He is the
18、only one of the students who _ the winner of,scholarship for three years.,A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,解析：,有,the only,修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。,答案：,D,9.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty,percent of its population _ peasants.,A.is,；,are B.are,；,is C.is,；,is D.are,；,are,解析：,populati
19、on,表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语,动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。,答案：,A,10.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _,Paris tomorrow.,A.are to,；,for B.is to,；,for,C.is to,；,to D.are to,；,to,解析：,句中主语是,Grey,，单数，故谓语也用单数；,leave for,sp.,，动身去某地。,答案：,B,11.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend,the meeting
20、tomorrow afternoon.,A.are B.have C.is D.had,解析：,either.or.,遵循就近一致的原则，因,your elder,brother,为单数，句中谓语也用单数。,答案：,C,12.30%of the cattle _ thin,，,but the rest _ fat.,A.are,；,are B.is,；,is C.is,；,are D.are,；,is,解析：,句中主语分别为,the cattle/the rest of the,cattle,，即“牛,/,余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。,答案：,A,13.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on,plays in China.,A.were B.have been,C.was D.has,解析：,the writer and actor,指一个人,(,既是作家也是演员,),，,谓语动词应为单数。,答案：,C,Good-bye!,
