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1、第 11 讲 主谓一致,谓语因受主语支配，需和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这种语法现象叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。,语法一致原则,1主语是单数名词或代词时，谓语动词用单数；主语是复,数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数。如：Jane likes English very much.They like English very much.,2and 或 both.and.连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词,通常用复数。如：,Tom and John are good friends.,注意：(1)当 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时，谓语,动词用单数
2、。如：,The writer and singer was invited to the party.,(2)当 and 连接的名词被 each,every 或 no 修饰时，谓语动,词用单数。如：,Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now.,3当主语后面跟有 with,without,together with,along with,except,besides,but,as well as,like,including 等介词短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致(即就远原则)。如：,The boy together with hi
3、s parents works hard.,4动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,Walking is good for our health.,5由不定代词 either,neither,each,one,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,somebody,anybody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything 等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：,Everybody is here.,意义一致原则,1科目名称 maths,physics,politics 等和 news 本身不表示
4、,复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：,I think physics is an interesting subject.,2trousers,shoes,glasses,pants 等为复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数。但当它们前面有 pair of,kind of 等修饰时，则根据 pair 和 kind 的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：,His shoes are beautiful.,This pair of trousers belongs to Tom.,3表示时间、长度、距离、价格、金钱、重量等的短语作主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词通常用单数。如：,Two mon
5、ths is quite a long time.,4集体名词如 family,class,group,team 等作主语表示整体,时用单数，表示集体中的具体成员时用复数。如：His family is a big family.,His family are all the fans of Yao Ming.,5某些名词如 people(people 指“民族”时除外),police 等，形式上是单数但意义上是复数，作主语时谓语动词要用复数。,The police are running after a thief.,6“the 形容词”表示一类人和“the 姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇或一家人
6、作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：,The Smiths like watching TV.,7分数、百分比及 some,half of,part of,lots of,the rest of等后接单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；接复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。如：,70%of the earth is covered with water.,60%of the teachers in our school are women.,就近原则,1在 there be 句型和以 here 开头的句子中，谓语动词与,靠近它的主语保持一致。如：,There is a book and three
7、 dictionaries on the desk.,Here is Jim and his parents.,2.either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also,or,not.but.,Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon.,(,)1.(2011 年广东)David,there _ a dictionary and,A,some books on your desk.Please put them away.OK.Mum.Ill do it right away.,Ais,Bare,Chas,D
8、have,解析：there be 句型中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。,(,)2.(2011 年广东河源)The number of teachers in our school,_ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this,school _ from the countryside.,B,Awas;isCwere;are,Bwas;areDwere;is,解析：the number of 表示“的数量”，谓语动词与主语 number 保持一致，用单数；“a number of复数可数名词”表示“许多”，谓语动词用复数
9、。,(,)3.(2011 年广东茂名)Where _ my glasses?I cant,find them.,B,Ais,Bare,Cwas,解析：glasses 为复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数。,(,)4.(2011 年 广 东 深 圳)He,together with his parents,B,_ going to visit Shanghai in July.How about you?Im afraid I have to stay at home _.,Aare;on my ownCis;by my own,Bis;by myselfDare;on myself,解析：介词短
10、语 together with 后的谓语动词应和它前面的主语 he 保持一致，故 A、D 项错误；by oneselfon ones own 独自。故选 B。,(,)5.(2010 年广东)Robert with his two kids _ to the,B,beach for vacation every year.AgoCwent,BgoesDare going,解析：由 every year 可排除 C、D 选项；当主语后跟有 with,along with,as well as 等介词短语时，谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致。主语 Robert 是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数。,(,
11、)6.(2010 年广东梅州)_ of the land in that country,_ covered with tree and grass.,D,解析：分数的构成原则是：分子用基数，分母用序数，分子大于一时，分母加-s；分数后面的名词是 land，为单数，谓语动词也要用单数。故选 D。,ATwo five;isBTwo fifths;areCTwo five;areDTwo fifths;is,(,)7.(2010 年广东深圳)The number of the students in our,A,class _ fifty-six.How many of _ are girls?,Ais;themCis;they,Bare;themDare;they,解析：the number of 意为“的数目”，后面用单数谓语动词；of 是介词，后接代词宾格。故选 A。,(,)8.(2010 年 广 东 佛 山)I asked for some more milk,but,there _ none left.,C,Aare,Bwere,Cwas,解析：none 指代 milk，是不可数名词，故 there be 中的 be用单数。选 C。,
