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1、主谓一致,AGREEMENT,Useful structures,语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,a
2、re,Both Mike and Bob _workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _(know)how to teach English.,are,knows/know,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)He and she _both students of
3、this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。,一、语法一致原则,are,(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming _ very importan
4、t.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps _ his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her _ not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。,seems,is,is,3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。Those who_ singing may join us.Tom,who _ your friend,should help you.,enjoy,is,4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides
5、,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。,is,Mr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.,is,Mr.Black,with,together with,along with,either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or
6、在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。,二、就近原则,Neither you nor I _ wrong.There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,am,is,Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday.,wishes,三、概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。,1.
7、不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,None of the money_ left.没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。,is,is,None 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。,Neither of them _
8、(know)how to teach English.,None of them _(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,knows/know,2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students _finished theircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad.一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent
9、 of the students in ourschool _boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。,His family _going out.他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式
10、上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。The police _ searching for a thief.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.,are,are,5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone_ asking for you.有人找你。Nothing _ found in the roo
11、m.在屋子里什么也没找到。,is,is,6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:The shoes _ worn out.鞋子破了。The pair of shoes _ worn out.这双鞋破了。,are,is,名词如trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors以及clothes,goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。,某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,ne
12、ws,plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。,Physics is a very interesting subject.,8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman_ asked to attend.,is,班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。,Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.,No sound and no voice
13、is heard.,9.以a number of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以the number of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A number of new books_ on the desk.The number of students in you class _ 50.,are,is,10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Not every means _ useful.不是每种方法都好使。Not all means _ useful.不是
14、所有的方法都好使。,is,are,11.many a,more than one,one and a half与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。Many a boy _ seen it.许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years _ not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.,has,is,1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语this kind of men=men of this kind
15、=these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind of men 的谓语用单数,men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数,all kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：,应该注意的几个问题:,This kind of men _ dangerous.Men of this kind _dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows _ a picture.,is,are,hangs,3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“
16、a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:,Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number
17、 of+名词复数”。但是,“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：,was,is,are,A number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.,have,is,注意:a(large)quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people _ needed here.,is,quantities
18、 of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food(nuts)_ on the table.短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为“大量”;in small quantities 意为“少量”。,were,4.a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:,A large amount of(A great deal of)damage _
19、 done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.,was,were,5.表示数量的one and a half 后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas _ left on the table.,is,6.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead
20、,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：,The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者)_ a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person 或表示人的单数连用。例如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier.,study,was,主谓一致练习,1.Now Tom with h
21、is classmates _ football on the playground.A.play B.are playingC.plays D.is playing2.Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A.are B.is C.were D.be,3.If anybody _,please put down _ name,said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/theirC.will buy the book/ones D.wants to
22、 have the book bought/her4.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left,5.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand6.-Shall I wait here for three hours?-Yes.Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A.ar
23、e not very long for you B.is not long enough for youC.was not long enough for you D.will be too long for you,7.Every student and every teacher _.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meetingC.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting8.This pair of shoes _.A.is her B.is hersC
24、.are hers D.are her,9.What we need _good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has,10._ has been done.A.ninetynine percents of the work B.Half of what he promised C.Two-fifths of the articles D.Three quarter of the business,Supplementary Exercises,Multiple choice:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B
25、.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was5.Nobody but Jane _
26、the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known,6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were7.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after anot
27、her.A.is B.are C.am D.be 9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 10.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,高考链接,1.As a result
28、of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海2001）A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have,B,精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案 B,2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)A.
29、Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are,C,精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语 land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered.答案C.,3-Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.-So do I.（全国1998）A.hopes B.hope C.hoping D.d
30、o hope,A,精析：这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。现在分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案 A。,4._ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海2001）A.Several million B.Many millions C.Severa
31、l millions D.Many million,A,精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与 million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。”答案 A。,5.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET96)A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were,C,6.
32、The number of students in this school _ by 5%every year.(MET92)A.rise B.raise C.rises D.raises the number of+复数可数名词作主语，表示的数目(数量)，谓语动词用单数；a number of+复数可数名词作主语，表示许多，谓语动词用复数。,C,7.A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84)A.have B.has C.have been D.has been,D,9.A library with five thousand books _ t
33、o the nation as a gift.(MET90)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered,A,10.E-mail,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(上海99)A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play,A,11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.(MET86)A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known12.Al
34、l but one _ here just now.(MET87)A.is B.was C.has been D.were,D,B,13.Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海94)A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out,D,14.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination a
35、fter another.(MET87)A.is B.are C.am D.be,B,15.She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.(上海94)A.is well paid B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying well,B,16.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002春)A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
36、,D,17._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are,C,分数或百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。,18.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(MET91)A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decide
37、d,A,动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。,19.There _ no life on the moon.(MET92)A.is said to have B.are said to have C.is said to be D.are said to be,C,20.Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海98)A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped,B,ei
38、ther/neither/each+of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。,21.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill.(NMET95)A.sheep;grass;leaves B.sheeps;grasses;leaves C.sheep;grass;leaf D.sheeps;grass;leafs,A,22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.(上海2000春)A.is used B.are u
39、sed C.has been used D.have been used,C,单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类),过关落实1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：“a
40、survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。答案：B2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。答案：A,3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used reg
41、ularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：此处onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语 动词用is。答案：B,5.A poet and artis
42、t _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主语仍为the f
43、ather，单数形式；as well as his three children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C,7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语 为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C8.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，b
44、ut the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数 同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时 的被动语态。答案：C,9.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；ha
45、ve 解析：a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：B10.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：D,11.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its pop
46、ulation _ peasants.A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动 词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。答案：A12.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow.A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for sp.，动身去某地。答案：B,13.Either your parents
47、or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。答案：C14.30%of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat.A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is 解析：句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the cattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。答案：A,15.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China.A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，谓语动词应为单数。答案：C,
