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1、中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究外文翻译 (2011届)本科毕业设计(论文) 外文翻译Research on the Present Situation and Measures for Sustainable Development of China EcotourismZOU Xiaoling School of Economic Management Henan Polytechnic University jiaozuoHenna,/.na,454000 rudz-xl163Abstract:As an inevitable trend of the sustainable d
2、evelopment of tourism, Eco-tourism has become a mainstream of international tourism in the 2l the century, but a lot of problems still exist in the growth of Chinas Eco-tourism.This paper firstly explains the connotation of Eco-tourism and then analyzes the main problems of it at present in China fr
3、om four aspects.Based on the series of problems in Eco-tourism reality, developing and operating modes suitable for the Eco-tourism in China is lastly put forward.Keywords:Eco-tourism;Sustainable development;Natural Surroundings; Countermeasures1 Instruction Eco-tourism is a new type of traveling wh
4、ich thrives rapidly and has become the focus in the tourist circle.As sustainable tourism, eco-tourism is considered as the top and inevitable choice in the realization of sustainable development of tourism and therefore draws rich worldwide attention and obtains rapid growth, which makes it the mai
5、nstream of international tourism in the 21 the century.However, in the course of its development, a lot of problems still need further probing to realize sustainable development.2 Connotation of Eco-tourism Eco-tourism is a thoroughly new type of traveling which comes into being and is advocated due
6、 to the influence that traveling has on the environment.The concept of earlier eco-tourism refers to the idea of returning to nature”and“going back to plainness”in tourism, which stresses the exploitation of natural sightings in tourism development.In recent years,Eco-tourism is defined by Internati
7、onal Eco-tourism Society as traveling with double responsibilities of reserving natural environment and the life of local people.what the Eco-tourism stresses is the protection of natural sightings,and it can be called sustainable traveling.Frangialli, General Secretary of World Tourism Organization
8、 of UN,pointed out in the world Eco-tourism summit,“Eco-tourism and its sustainable development bear imminent tasks in three aspects:economically,stimulate the economy and cut down the number of the poor;socially, create jobs for the vulnerable groups;environmentally, provide necessary financial rep
9、ort for the protection of natural and cultural resources.All those involved in Eco-tourism should work with joint effort for the realization of the three objectives.”Eco-tourism has a lot in common with sustainable development, to be specific.the objective of the former is to realize the latter.3 Pr
10、oblems with the eco-tourism in China China has favorable conditions for eco-tourism development:first, it has a great number of potential travelers。and the demand for eco-tourism is on the increase with the awakening of peoples ecological awareness;secondly, it possesses rich eco-tourism resources.
11、The results obtained by China National Committee of Man and BiosphereMABof UNESCO in its investigation in more than 100 nature reserves of provincial or higher levels indicate that 82 of the reserves have been in the formal business of tourism, and 12 of the reserves has more than 100,000 travelers
12、annually.Eco-tourism in the nature reserves in China is now in the ascendant with the annual travelers close to 25 millions and the annual income approximating 520 millions Yuan.Some of the reserves are playing the leading role in stimulating the local tourism. Due to the short history of the touris
13、m development in China, people still lack scientific understanding of the relation between traveling and environment.and the eco-tourism development is still in its infancy.Stresses are put on traveling in nature and exploiting traveling resources,while the influence on environment and damage on res
14、ources that traveling itself has are ignored.Actually, tourism development has brought serious pollution to the environment and triggered a series of problem in reality, about which a lot of experts and scholars are concerned.Problems in ecological tourism development are analyzed in four main aspec
15、ts from the perspective of the objectives to be achieved in ecological tourism.4 Explore a sustainable development of eco-tourism To have a sustainable development, the eco-tourism should be in harmony with nature without being at the cost of the environment.There should be a proper pace of developm
16、ent, a limited number of tourists permitted and stronger environmental awareness Otherwise, too many tourists will bring overburden to the spots and destroy the surroundings indispensable for eco-tourism.Accordingly, the sustainable development of eco-tourism will not be accomplished.Based on the se
17、rious of problems in eco-tourism, we should focus on establishing developing and operating modes suitable for the eco-tourism in China and on correcting the inappropriate practice in its development.4.1 Strengthen legislation on eco-tourism, environmental management and scientific plan Legislation s
18、hould be strengthened since vulnerable areas in ecological system are involved in eco-tourism zone.It is an emergency to set up laws and regulations on eco-tourism development and supervision based on the existing laws of nature reserves and forest parks.Taking nature reserves as an example,the surr
19、ounding management related to eco-tourism should be operated on different stages.There are different focuses on different stages in aspects of surrounding management in project initiation stage and construction stage,in ecological monitoring and post-evaluation after the business starts. In eco-tour
20、ism projecting,a team professional in ecological projecting can guarantee a good program, and voices from different interest groups should be listened and coordinated。Meanwhile,as a special program, the eco-tourism project should subordinate to the general planning of the reserves or forest parks.Be
21、fore projecting, a serious of tasks should be finished.Feasibility should be studied and traveling resource value and its market potential and the effect of tourist development on surroundings should be investigated and assessed.Then projects of various kinds consistent with the eco-tourism objectiv
22、e should be designed, such as the land using project, sight project, water resource and energy project and environmental protection project, etc.4.2 Establish a special operating mode of enterprise engaged in eco-tourism developing and operating Multiple objectives should be taken into consideration
23、 when developing eco-tourism products. Therefore,enterprises engaged in eco-tourism development and operation should not just chase for direct profit, they should carry on humanistic care in their strategic objective and hold the concept of green business in their operation and take it as their bran
24、d mark when establishing their image in the market. Green business can be achieved through the developing and operating mode by which the eco-tourism enterprises bring the influence on surroundings down to the minimum in their operation.For example, youth hotels and family inns which an less influen
25、tial on surroundings are applicable for lodging.To be green-business restaurants,selling of wild life and plants under protection should be prohibited and services going against the local custom and culture are not provided there. Feasible authorization systems or free-will-based criteria like ecolo
26、gical symbol can be adopted in marketing of eco-tourism enterprises.so as to show to the potential customers their consistence with the sustainable development principle and the reliability of their products and services.4.3 Establish a training system of employees engaged in coo-tourism to make the
27、 locals involved It is impossible to stimulate the sustainable development of the local economy by exploiting ecological tourist zones if the locals are excluded from the exploitation and management.The locals are the foundation of eco-tourism development as well as the alternative to improve the lo
28、cal employment and economy, and taking them into the exploitation and management of it is a key to its success. The high professional standards of ecological exploitation and management requires the establishment of the training system of people engaged in eco-tourism, which is an important bridge o
29、f converting the local labor force and a critical link to get the local truly involved. The ecological tourist zone training system should be categorized into three levels:firstly, training of administrative staff.Administrative staff includes those from the administrative department in charge of to
30、urist zone surroundings and high-level managerial staff from the eco-tourism enterprises. The training can take the form of borrowing external brains like inviting ecological or tourist experts at regular intervals to give lectures or training classes. Secondly is training of common employeesmon emp
31、loyees are trained in the regulation and requirements of eco-tourism zones and operation regulation of the enterprises in the principle of on-the-spot conversion.The training can take the form of studying occupational traveling schools or traveling colleges funded with money got from the eco-tourism
32、 profit under the feedback mechanism.And also the enterprises can hold on-the-job training to achieve the same goal. Thirdly, popularize environmental protection knowledge among the locals.It would be more acceptable to the locals if the concept of environment -friendly eco-tourism is combined with
33、local culture and custom in various forms like publicity and education windows,broadcasting and television etc.The locals are supposed to participate in the exploitation and management of eco-tourism like lodging reception, special transportation, tourist shopping and other traveling tours with loca
34、l cultural characteristics.and their opinions should also be considered in the determination of eco-tourism exploitation.4.4 Strengthen tourist management and provide eco-tourism market education Chinas tourists still lack environmental protection awareness at present, which will easily lead to the
35、damage of ecological system and requires strict tourist management.The management can be done in the following three aspects: Firstly, guide tourists by economic means like tickets and technical means like route planning and separated area planning in accordance with the environment bearing capabili
36、ty of the scenic spots to realize rational allocation of time and space and achieve the goal of not destroying the internal ecological system of the scenic spots. Secondly, give tourists environment education by using showcases,video,posters,books,pamphlets and tourist guide interpreting system in t
37、he scenic spots.Inform the tourists of the regulation they have to obey clearly before the tour starts.It would be effective to educate and influence the tourists with the doings of the eco-tourism enterprise working staff and the environmental protection atmosphere in the surrounding communities. T
38、hirdly, law, regulation and systems should be set up in eco-tourism scenic spots to restrict tourists and avoid negative effects on the surroundings.The implementation of the above measures can foster responsible tourists and serves as a market education means of eco-tourism.It will necessarily acce
39、lerate the rising and maturity of the eco-tourism market in China.4.5 Set up supplementary systems under the plan and guidance of ecological and traveling experts Eco-tourism demands developing and operating professionals and strong scientific support.It is unrealistic for traveling enterprises to s
40、upply for a large number of researchers.As a professional traveling type,on the one hand, eco-tourism should get technical innovation with the progress of environmental protection industry and apply its newest technology to the production;on the other hand, to minimize the influence traveling has on
41、 ecology, they have to undertake regular test, research and comparison of environment.Additionally, eco-tourism research agencies are not qualified for the long-term management in the spots.Therefore,it is quite necessary to establish supplementary systems under the plan and guidance of ecological a
42、nd traveling experts. As far as specific practice is concerned,first.eco-tourism spots should establish friendly relation with research agencies whose experts the spots invite as their consultants or they set up think tank to provide guidance and consultation.The experts or think tank make suggestio
43、n for the development of eco-tourism at the early stage of projecting and exploitation, provide environment reports for the administrative departments in charge of the spots regularly, and give proposals to rectify the actual deviations. Second, strengthen the communication between eco-tourism admin
44、istrative departments and research agencies.Establish mechanism of cooperation between eco-tourism administrative departments and research agencies to strengthen innovative research of eco-tourism theories,promote technical and administrative innovation of eco-tourism and set down scientific regulat
45、ion and technical standards of eco-tourism. Through cooperation in the two aspects,research results of eco-tourism will be fully applied and a large number of experts and scholars be involved in the supplementary systems.5 Conclusion As a new economic growth point,eco-tourism promotes the developmen
46、t of tourism and helps enhance the local economic growth and gains support from governments of different levels. What must be done at present is to establish legal and regulation systems of eco-tourism to make all the work concerned with it legalized to achieve the goal of legal establishment, legal
47、 operation and legal management.To the projects which dont follow the requirement and damage the natural scenery resources,there should be rectification to lead them to the healthy developing way.For the reason that China is still a toddler in eco-tourism and the theory and practice is at the explor
48、ing stage,the sustainable development of eco-tourism is a complicated and systematic project which has a long way to go.In the process of implementation, we should use foreign advanced experiences for reference and have worldwide exchange to seek international cooperation and aid based on our nation
49、al situation and the principle of Self-reliance.By forging ahead with the developmental spirit call we achieve ecological protection and its permanent utility and the sustainable development of ecological tourism.二、翻译文章中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究邹晓玲河南焦作理工大学 经济管理干部学院邮编:454000 rudz-xl163摘要:作为一种旅游业可持续发展的必然趋势,生态旅游已成为21世纪国际旅游的主流,但是,日益增长中的中国生态旅游存在着很多问题。本文首先解释了生态旅游的基本内涵,然后从四个方面分析中国生态旅游发展现状中存在的主要问题。基于发展生态旅游存在一系列问题的现实,在文章的最后提出了适合中国生态旅游的开发和经营模式。关键词:生态
