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1、文化异同在习语翻译中的体现研究 文化异同在习语翻译中的体现研究王琳（青岛农业大学外国语学院 山东 青岛 266109）摘要：本文主要是关于中西方文化对习语翻译的影响以及翻译方法。从很多方面讨论了中西方文化的异同，例如生活环境，社会文化，宗教及信仰以及历史典故。根据这些异同，本文还给出了翻译的方法。依照这些方法，我们各以更好的促进种族间的文化交流。关键词：习语翻译 文化差异 习语Cultural Similarities and Differences Embodied in Idiom TranslationAbstract: This paper mainly talks about the
2、 influence of Chinese and Western culture in idiom translation and the approaches of translating them. It shows the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western culture in many aspects， such as living environment， social customs， religions， believes and historic allusion. According to al
3、l these similarities and differences， the paper gives several methods about how to translate idioms well. By following these， people can translate well and promote the understandings of all nations well.Key Words: Idiom Translation; Cultural Difference; Idioms1 Introduction It is an acknowledged agr
4、eement that translation， in its narrow sense， is an inter-lingual communicative activity. The birth of translation is a result of a strong need for communication between people speaking different languages. In all translating and interpreting， the source and target languages must be implicitly or ex
5、plicitly compared. However， such inter-lingual communication extends far beyond the structure of linguistic similarities and contrasts. One if the main reason for this is that some words translations depend on the culture of the language community. Therefore， translation is an inter-lingual and inte
6、rcultural activity. It must be restrict by culture. In translation， any attempt to separate the text from the culture is wrong. The translators should take the culture factors of both Chinese and English into careful consideration when he or she tries to translate Chinese into English. This requirem
7、ent is especially necessary for the translation of idioms. Idiomatic expressions are usually concise and meaningful. They are widely used in every language. People of every age and from every place frequently use idioms both in speech or writing. Using idiom is actually a common lingual preference a
8、ll over the world. However， when people translate idioms， they often face the difficulties for cross-cultural communication. Idioms rather than any other lexical items in any language are often depending on cultural element. Some of them may be unique to one specific language community only. As in a
9、ny other language， idioms in both Chinese and English are heavily bound up with cultural elements. When translating， we should take culture inside.3456 2 Similarities and Difference Between Chinese and English Culture English and Chinese cultures are totally different. Their origins and development
10、are not the same. Chinese has a close relation with the Chinese culture. Many Chinese idioms can be translated when the Chinese culture expressed by them are uncovered. However， English idioms are bound up with British and American cultures. Culture similarities and differences between Chinese and E
11、nglish idioms are mainly reflected in the following aspects.2.1 Similarities Both China and Britain have a long-time history， ancient civilization and glorious culture. Both the two countries have the similar experience and thought. During the communication of the two countries， cultures are interac
12、ting. This made some idioms have the same or similar culture characteristic. Therefore， the idioms are corresponding no matter in meaning， image cultural flavor. In such condition， we could use the source language to translate the target language directly. For example， “失败乃成功之母” “Failure is the moth
13、er of success”. In this idiom， we see that it is translated into English directly. “失败” is translated into “failure”， while “ 成功” is “success” and “母” is “mother”. From this idiom， we notice there are some similarities between Chinese and English which made us translate the source language into the
14、target language directly. Look at another example， “祸不单行”， “misfortunes never come singly ”. In this phrase， “祸” is misfortune， “单” is translated into singly. Then the whole phrase is translated misfortunes never come singly. There are some other examples like these. “丢脸”， “lose face”， “来得容易，去得快”， “
15、easy come， easy go”， “以牙还牙”， “a tooth for a tooth”， “披着羊皮的狼”， “a wolf in sheeps clothing”， “牛市”， “bull market”， “熊市”， “bear ，market”， “破釜沉舟”， “to turn ones boat”， “火上浇油”， “pour oil on fire”， “水滴石穿”， “constant dropping wears the stone”. All these show the similarities between the two cultures. When d
16、o translating， we can translate directly.2.2 Difference Between Chinese and Western Cultures We all know that Chinese and English cultures are totally different. All these differences are embodied in the following aspects.2.2.1 Different Living Environments People have to survive and make production
17、 in natural environments， so there are lots of idioms related to the natural environment. For example， Britain， as an island country， has a history. Its culture relates to the sea. Once it was famous for its important status in navigation. So many English idioms are related to the sea life， “a sea o
18、f troubles”， “无穷的麻烦”， “at sea”， “不知所措”， “hoist your sail when the wind is fail”， “好风快扬帆”， “a kettle of fish”， “乱七八糟”. All these idioms have no relation with sea when they are translated into Chinese. However， China is a typical agricultural country and has a large population involved in agriculture.
19、 So there are many idioms about agriculture: “顺藤摸瓜”， “follow the vine to get the melonhunt for somebody or something by following the traces”， “四体不勤，五谷不分”， “can neither toil with ones four limbs nor tell the five cereals apart”. These examples sufficiently show the influence made by environment to a nations culture and further influence the expression of people.2.2.23456
