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1、汽车实用英语,项目四 掌握车身和电气设备Master the Body and Electrical Equipment,01,认识汽车车身,02,熟悉汽车仪表盘,03,熟悉照明系统,04,熟悉空调系统,05,熟悉电子控制系统,06,熟悉安全气囊防护系统,01,认识汽车车身,Get to Know the Automotive Body,Task 1知 识 目 标,掌握汽车燃油发动机及四冲程发动机相关术语的基本含义：,sheet metal shell hoodtrunk lidunibodyseparate structure construction framecover panel bo
2、dy structureengine hood top hat cross beam longitudinal beamside beam pillartorsion stabilitytorsion resistance loading capacityfront beam rear beam,掌握与汽车车身各组件相关的英文表达。熟悉各零件的所在位置及其功能。,Task 1技 能 目 标,能通过看图或实体准确识别汽车车身各组件。能准确对车身各组件进行中英文互译。能阅读汽车车身相关英文材料。,Task 1任 务 描 述,Task 1知 识 储 备,1.sheet metal shell钣金外壳
3、2.hood/hd/n.罩；覆盖3.trunk/trk/lid行李箱盖4.separate structure construction 非承载式车身5.cover panel车身覆盖件6.body structure车身结构件7.engine hood 发动机舱盖8.top hat 车顶9.decoration/dekren/n.装饰10.shield/ild/n.遮蔽；保护11.side beam边梁12.pillar/pl(r)/n.中柱,Task 1知 识 储 备,13.withstand/wstnd/v.承受14.impact/mpkt/n.冲击15.torsion/tn/n.扭转1
4、6.center of gravity/rvti/重心17.shortcoming/tkm/n.缺点；不足18.torsion resistance 抗扭性19.loading capacity/kpsti/承载能力20.retain/rten/v.保留21.girder/d(r)/n.大梁22.shock absorption performance 减振性能,Task 1知 识 储 备,23.inevitable/nevtbl/adj.不可避免的24.limitation/lmten/n.缺陷25.lorry/lri/n.货车；卡车26.utilization/jutlazen/n.利用；
5、使用27.spacious/spes/adj.宽敞的28.front beam 防撞梁29.rear beam 后防撞梁30.ultra-high/ltrhai/adj.超高的31.remit/rimt/v.传送32.collision/kln/n.碰撞事故,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,汽车车身汽车车身为发动机、乘客和货物提供了一种保护罩，它是一个带有窗户、车门、顶罩和行李箱盖的钣金外壳。车身一般分为两类：承载式车身（见图4-1）和非承载式车身（见图4-2）。,The automotive body provides a protective cover for t
6、he engine,passengers and cargo.It is a sheet metal shell1 with such components as window,door,hood2 and trunk lid3.And it can be generally divided into two types:unibody(see Figure 4-1)and separate structure construction4(see Figure 4-2).,The Automotive Body,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,Figure 4-1 Unibody,图4-1 承载式
7、车身,Figure 4-2 Separate Structure Construction,图4-2 非承载式车身,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,承载式车身是一种整体车身结构形式，没有独立的车架，它包括车身覆盖件和车身结构件。车身覆盖件就是车身上的发动机舱盖、车顶、行李箱盖等部件，主要起到装饰、遮挡的作用。车身结构件是指分布在车身骨架上的那些刚性部件，如横梁、纵梁、边梁、中柱等（见图4-3），对整个车身进行支撑，并具有承受车身冲击和扭转的作用。,The unibody is a kind of integral body structure without indep
8、endent frame.It is composed of body and chassis,among which the body includes the cover panel5 and the body structure6.The cover panel refers to those components such as the engine hood7,top hat8 and trunk lid,which plays the role of decoration9 and shield10.The body structure refers to those rigid
9、parts distributed on the body frame,such as cross beam,longitudinal beam,side beam11 and pillar12(see Figure 4-3),supporting the body and withstanding13 the impact14 and torsion15 of the body.,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,Figure 4-3 Components of the Unibody,图4-3 承载式车身的构件,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,承载式车身具有重量轻、油耗小、高度低、重心低、装配简单、
10、高速行驶平稳性好等特点。但是，承载式车身也存在自身的弱点，如它的抗扭性差、承载力有限、维修较复杂。一般而言，轿车广泛采用这种车身。非承载式车身是一种悬置于车架上的车身结构形式。简单来说，非承载式车身保留了传统的底盘大梁。发动机、变速箱等汽车零部件被安装在底盘大梁上，车身不承载任何汽车零部件。,The unibody is featured with light weight,low fuel consumption,low height,low center of gravity16,simple assembly,good stability at high speed,etc.Howeve
11、r,the unibody also has its own shortcomings17,such as its poor torsion resistance18,limited loading capacity19 and more complicated maintenance.Generally speaking,the unibody is widely adopted by cars.The separate structure construction is a kind of body structure suspended on the frame.Simply,it re
12、tains20 the traditional chassis girder21 on which the engine,transmission and other auto parts are installed,for which the body does not carry any of them.,Task 1畅 享 阅 读,非承载式车身具有刚性强、抗扭性强、承载能力大、减振性能好等优势。然而，这种车身也存在不可避免的缺陷，如质量大、高速行驶稳定性差等。通常情况下，越野车和货车采用这种车身。,It is designed with the advantages of high ri
13、gidity,strong torsion resistance,high loading capacity,good shock absorption performance22,etc.But this kind of body also has the inevitable23 limitations24.For instance,it is too heavy and its stability is poor at high speed.Usually,the separate structure construction is adopted by SUVs and lorries
14、25.,Task 1畅 谈 汽 车,Task 1畅 谈 汽 车,承载式车身介绍A：早上好，约翰。听说你刚买了一辆2018款奥迪A8L。B：是啊。等你有空了带你出去兜风。A：行啊。奥迪采用的是哪种类型的车身？B：承载式车身。一般而言，轿车采用的都是承载式车身。A：汽车车身分哪几种？它们都是什么样的？B：车身通常分为承载式和非承载式两种。A：你更喜欢哪种车身类型？B：我个人比较喜欢承载式车身。A：为什么呢？,A:Good morning,John!I heard that you bought one 2018 Audi A8L.B:Yes!Ill take you out for a ride
15、when you are free.A:Good!What kind of body is adopted by Audi cars?B:The unibody.Generally speaking,the unibody is adopted by cars.A:How many types of the auto body are there?And what are they?B:It is often classified into two types,namely the unibody and the separate structure construction.A:Which
16、one do you prefer?B:For me,I enjoy the unibody.A:Why?,Introduction of the Unibody,Task 1畅 谈 汽 车,B：承载式车身汽车的重量较轻，燃油消耗量较少。车在高速行驶时，稳定性比较好。同时，承载式车身的空间利用率更高，能为乘客提供更为宽敞舒适的乘车环境。A：你能说说它的缺点吗？B：可以。它的刚性和抗扭性相对较弱。A：照你这样说，承载式车身汽车的安全性有保障吗？B：不用担心。像前后防撞梁（见图4-4）、车身顶部和车门等位置都采用了超高强度和高强度钢材，能在发生碰撞时很好地吸收和缓冲外力，对车内乘客起到了有效保护作
17、用。A：嗯。明白了,B:The weight of the unibody is much lighter,and its fuel consumption is less.When the car moves at a high speed,the stability is better.At the same time,the rate of its space utilization26 is higher,which provides the passengers with a more spacious27 and comfortable environment.A:Would yo
18、u like to talk about its limitations?B:Sure.Both the rigidity and the torsion resistance of the unibody are relatively weak.A:As you say,is there any guarantee for the safety of the unibody cars?B:Do not worry about that.The parts such as the front beam28,rear beam29(see Figure 4-4),top hat and door
19、s are made of the ultra-high30 strength and high strength steel,which can absorb and remit31 the external force well to effectively protect the passengers when the collision32 occurs.A:En I see.,Task 1畅 谈 汽 车,图4-4 前防撞梁&后防撞梁,02,熟悉汽车仪表盘,Be Familiar with the Instrument Panel,Task 2知 识 目 标,掌握汽车各仪表盘英文术语的
20、基本含义：,parametersteering wheeltachometerspeedometerodometerfuel gaugeoil pressure gaugeammeterturn signal indicatorvoltmeterlow fuel indicatorwasher level indicatorcheck engine lightbrake disc indicatorairbag indicatordoor status indicatorlow beam indicatorhigh beam indicatoroverdrive indicatorwidth
21、lamp indicatortire pressure alarm lampcruise control indicator,熟悉汽车仪表盘所在位置及各符号所代表的中英文意义。理解各仪表盘的作用。,Task 2技 能 目 标,能通过看图或实体辨认汽车各仪表盘。能准确对汽车各仪表盘名称进行中英文互译。能辨别汽车各仪表盘上显示内容的意义。,Task 2任 务 描 述,Task 2知 识 储 备,1.instrument/nstrmnt/panel 仪表盘2.parameter/prmt(r)/n.参数3.facilitate/fsltet/v.使便利4.tachometer/tkmt(r)/n.转
22、速表5.speedometer/spidmt(r)/n.车速表6.odometer/dmt(r)/n.里程表7.coolant temperature gauge 水温表；冷却液温度表8.oil pressure gauge 机油压力表9.ammeter/mit(r)/n.电流表10.turn signal indicator/ndket(r)/转向信号指示灯11.voltmeter/vltmit(r)/n.电压表12.scatter/skt(r)/v.分布,Task 2知 识 储 备,13.parking brake indicator 驻车制动器指示灯14.brake system ind
23、icator 制动系统指示灯15.low fuel indicator 低燃油液面指示灯16.washer level indicator 清洗液位指示灯17.malfunction/mlfkn/n.故障18.check engine light 发动机自检灯；发动机故障灯19.charging system indicator 充电系统指示灯20.brake disc indicator 刹车盘指示灯21.water temperature indicator 水温指示灯22.airbag indicator 安全气囊指示灯23.door status indicator 车门状态指示灯24
24、.electric pedal control indicator 电子油门指示灯,Task 2知 识 储 备,25.low beam indicator 近光灯指示灯26.high beam indicator 远光灯指示灯27.overdrive indicator O/D挡指示灯28.internal circulation indicator 内循环指示灯29.width lamp indicator 示宽灯指示灯30.vehicle stability control indicator 车身稳定控制系统指示灯31.tire pressure alarm lamp 胎压报警灯32.e
25、ngine warm-up indicator 发动机预热指示灯33.engine hatch cover open indicator 发动机舱盖打开指示灯34.cruise control indicator 巡航控制指示灯,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,仪表盘 汽车仪表盘由各种仪表和指示器组成，可以为驾驶员提供所需的汽车运行参数信息。为了方便驾驶员在行车过程中通过观看仪表盘上的数据来掌握汽车各系统的工作情况，仪表盘被设计在了方向盘的前面。,The automobile instrument panel is composed of various instrum
26、ents and indicators,which can provide the driver with the required parameters2 of the vehicle operation.In order to facilitate3 the driver to grasp the working conditions of various vehicle systems while driving through viewing the data and information showed on the instrument panel,the instrument p
27、anel is designed in front of the steering wheel.,Instrument Panel1,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,汽车上常用的仪表有发动机转速表、时速表、里程表、燃油表、水温表、机油压力表、电流表及100 km油耗等内容。由于仪表盘是驾驶员看得最多的部件，所以汽车厂家也在仪表盘上费尽心思，让其变得越来越美观，功能越来越多。每款车型的仪表盘都拥有自己的特点。以下是奥迪的仪表盘（见图4-5）。,The commonly used instruments are engine tachometer4,speedometer5
28、,odometer6,fuel gauge,coolant temperature gauge7,oil pressure gauge8,ammeter9,100 km fuel consumption and so on.Because the driver sees the instrument panel more than other parts,the automobile manufacturers pay great attention to making the instrument panel more beautiful and more efficient.The ins
29、trument panel of each model has its own features.The following one is the Audi instrument panel(see Figure 4-5).,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,Figure 4-5 Audi Instrument Panel,图4-5 奥迪仪表盘,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,同时，汽车的仪表盘上还布有各种指示灯。汽车仪表盘上的指示灯大致可分为三类：第一类为日常指示灯，只起到车辆各功能工作状态的提示作用，如安全带指示灯、驻车制动器指示灯和制动系统指示灯等。第二类为具有警示功能的指示灯，警告驾驶员行车中遇
30、到的潜在问题，如低燃油液面指示灯、清洗液位指示灯等。第三类为故障指示灯。在车辆正常情况下，这类灯不会亮。如果这些灯亮了就表示车辆已经出现故障或异常，如发动机故障灯、防抱死制动系统指示灯等。,Meanwhile,a variety of indicators are scattered12 on the instrument panel.Roughly speaking,these indicators can be divided into three types:The first type is the daily indicator which can only indicate the
31、 working state of each function of the vehicle,such as the turn signal indicators,the parking brake indicator13 and brake system indicator14,etc.The second type refers to the indicator with warning function,warning drivers of the potential problem encountered in driving,such as the low fuel indicato
32、r15,the washer level indicator16,etc.The third type refers to the indicator which can tell the malfunction17 of one vehicle.Under normal conditions,this type of indicators wont be on.If they are on,it indicates that the vehicle has been out of order or abnormal,such as the check engine light18,the a
33、nti-lock brake system(ABS)indicator,etc.,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,Common Instrument Panel Indicators 常用的仪表盘指示器,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,Common Instrument Panel Indicators 常用的仪表盘指示器,Task 2畅 享 阅 读,Common Instrument Panel Indicators 常用的仪表盘指示器,Task 2畅 谈 汽 车,Task 2畅 谈 汽 车,仪表及其功能A：您好，欢迎来到蓝天驾校。我是你的教练员，王教练。B：您好，王教练
34、。A：这是你培训的第一天，我先向你介绍一下眼前的这个东西。这就是仪表盘。这上面有各种各样的仪表器，你知道它们的名称吗？B：不知道。您能具体介绍一下吗？A：好的。它们从左到右分别为机油压力表、转速表、水温表、燃油表、车速表和电压表。B：它们是用来做什么的呢？,A:Hello,welcome to Blue Sky Driving School.Im your coach,Mr.Wang.B:Hello,Mr.Wang.A:This is the first day of your training.I would like to show you the object in front of y
35、ou.This is the instrument panel.There are various instruments on it.Do you know their names?B:I dont know.Could you tell me more about it?A:Sure.From left to right,they are oil pressure gauge,tachometer,coolant temperature gauge,fuel gauge,speedometer and voltmeter.B:What are they used for?,Instrume
36、nts and Their Functions,Task 2畅 谈 汽 车,A：简单来说，机油压力表可以测定和显示机油压力的大小；转速表可以测定发动机的转速；水温表可以显示冷却水的温度；燃油表用以指示汽车燃油箱内的存油量；车速表用于查看汽车的行驶速度；电压表用来查看电源电压。B：那这两个箭头代表什么呢？A：这两个箭头代表转向指示灯，左边的箭头为左转向灯，右边的箭头为右转向灯。B：明白了，通过仪表盘，驾驶员可以在驾驶中查看汽车的状态。,A:Simply speaking,the oil pressure gauge is used to measure and show the oil pres
37、sure;the tachometer can measure the engine speed;the coolant temperature gauge can show the temperature of the cooling water;the fuel gauge is used to show the amount of fuel stored in the fuel tank of an automobile;the speedometer is used to check the speed of a car,and the voltmeter is used to che
38、ck the voltage of the power supply.B:What do these two arrows represent?A:They stand for turn signal indicators.The left arrow is the left turn signal indicator,and the right one is the right turn signal indicator.B:I see.Through the instrument panel,the driver can check the state of an automobile w
39、hile driving.,03,熟悉照明系统,Be Familiar with the Lighting System,Task 3知 识 目 标,掌握汽车照明系统主要零部件英文术语的基本含义：,lighting systemsignalling device head lampfog lamplicense plate lampinstrument lampdome lamp working lampturn signal lamphazard warning lamp width lamp tail lampbrake lampreversing lampowners manual la
40、ser headlight high beam low beamannotation,熟悉与汽车照明系统主要零部件相关的英文表达。,Task 3技 能 目 标,能通过看图或实体准确认出汽车照明系统主要零部件。能准确对汽车照明系统各零部件名称进行中英互译。能阅读汽车照明系统相关英文材料。,Task 3任 务 描 述,Task 3知 识 储 备,1.lighting system照明系统2.signalling device信号装置3.visibility/vzblti/n.可见度；能见度4.pedestrian/pdestrin/n.行人5.presence/prezns/n.存在6.disti
41、nctive/dstktv/adj.有特色的7.priority/prarti/n.优先；优先权8.head lamp 前照灯9.fog lamp雾灯10.license plate lamp牌照灯11.instrument lamp仪表灯,Task 3知 识 储 备,12.dome/dm/lamp顶灯13.working lamp工作灯14.hazard/hzd/warning lamp 危险警报灯15.tail lamp尾灯16.reversing lamp倒车灯17.front turn signal lamp前转向灯18.novice/nvs/n.初学者；新手19.owners man
42、ual车主手册20.laser headlight激光大灯21.rear turn signal lamp 转向灯22.annotation/nten/n.注释；标注,Task 3畅 享 阅 读,Lighting System1,The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices2 mounted or integrated to the front,rear,sides,and in some cases the top of a motor vehicle.This light
43、s the roadway for the driver and increases the visibility3 of the vehicle,allowing other drivers and pedestrians4 to see a vehicles presence5,position,size,direction of travel,and the drivers intentions regarding direction and speed of travel.Emergency vehicles usually carry distinctive6 lighting eq
44、uipment to warn drivers and indicate priority7 of movement in traffic.,Task 3畅 享 阅 读,照明系统汽车照明系统由汽车照明灯和汽车信号装置组成，一般装在汽车的前面、后面、侧边，有时候也装在车顶。这为司机照亮了道路，提升了车辆的可见度，便于其他司机和行人看到车辆的出现、位置、大小、行驶方向及驾驶员关于行驶方向和驾驶速度的意图。紧急救援车辆通常会装配特殊的照明设备来警告驾驶员，并显示交通行驶中的优先通行权。,Specifically,the lighting generally contains head lamp8,f
45、og lamp9,license plate lamp10,instrument lamp11,dome lamp12 and working lamp13;the light signaling devices include turn signal lamp,hazard warning lamp14,width lamp,tail lamp15,brake lamp and the reversing lamp16(see Figure 4-6).,Task 3畅 享 阅 读,具体来说，汽车照明灯一般包括前照灯、雾灯、牌照灯、仪表灯、顶灯和工作灯；灯光信号装置主要包括转向信号灯、危险报警
46、灯、示宽灯、尾灯、制动灯和倒车灯（见图4-6）。,Task 3畅 享 阅 读,Figure 4-6 Lighting System,图4-6 照明系统,Task 3畅 享 阅 读,Figure 4-6 Lighting System,图4-6 照明系统,Task 3畅 谈 汽 车,A:Good morning,David.I heard that you bought a 2018 Audi A8L.B:Good morning.I just bought it last month.Where are you going?A:Im going to the driving school.As
47、 a novice18,I cant tell the names of the lamps and their positions.I always make mistakes.I believe that you know a lot about them.B:It is easy,and Id like to show them to you.Here are two pictures about lamps which are taken from the owners manual19 of 2018 Audi A8L(see Figure 4-7).They can clearly
48、 show the name of each lamp and its corresponding position.,Task 3畅 谈 汽 车,2018款奥迪A8L车灯 正时齿轮 正时齿轮位于发动机前端的正时齿轮壳内，由钢材制成，其螺旋状齿轮可减少噪声。正时齿轮用于保证曲轴和凸轮轴同步转动，使进、排气门的开启和关闭与活塞运动一致。正时齿轮将曲轴的旋转传递到凸轮轴，进而驱动喷油泵轴及其他装置。,Lamps of 2018 Audi A8L,A:That would be great.Show me,please.B:Look!In the first picture,they are fro
49、nt turn signal lamp,laser headlight20,high beam and low beam.In the second picture,they are width lamp,brake lamp,rear turn signal lamp21 and reversing lamp.With the annotation22 on the pictures,you can find out the exact positions of these lamps.A:You are right.When I arrive at the driving school,I
50、ll find their exact positions in the car with the help of these two pictures.Thanks a lot.B:You are welcome,I am so happy to help you.,Task 3畅 谈 汽 车,A：那太好了。请给我看看吧。B：看，第一张图展示了前转向灯、激光大灯、远光灯和近光灯。第二张图展示了示宽灯、刹车灯、后转向灯和倒车灯。通过图片和文字标注，你就可以弄清这些车灯的位置了。A：说得对。到驾校后，我要按照图片所示在车上找出这些车灯的具体位置。谢谢!B：不客气，很高兴能帮到你。,Task 3畅
