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1、正文中的一级标题用14号times New Roman 加粗，标题在某一页的开始，段前就不再另外空行，只段后一行即可。所有标题左对齐I. Introduction MLA 格式中，每个标题下的首段都要缩进5个字符。正文内容Times New Roman，12号字，1.5倍行距。正文中的一级标题用14号times New Roman 加粗，段前两行，段后一行。所有标题左对齐。MLA格式中， 每个标题里 每个实义词首字母大写 Said and his orientalism has made great contribution to literature. As a crucial branch
2、 of post-colonialism, orientalism has three levels of meaning. First, it is a historical and comprehensive subject, which covers psychology, linguistics, and so forth. Second, it is a way of thinking on the basis of the Orient and the Occident. In a word, it is the reappearance of all kinds of cultu
3、res of the slaves who live in the eastern world. Third, it is a sort of power language. This essay aims at the analysis of One Out of Many from Saids orientalism. One Out of Many is written by VSNaipaul, who won the Nobel prize in 2001, the Booker prize in 1971. It introduces the main character Sant
4、osh, who is a cook from Bombay, India. In Bombay, he is complimented by people everywhere for his employers status and his capacity for cooking. However, when he leaves for Washington, he makes a lot of mistakes and cant adapt to that place in every aspect. He experiences the loss of dignity, identi
5、ty, and personal character. Although he is a free man, he loses his freedom forever when he comes to Washington. This essay will give a detailed description of how and why it happens.II. Edward Saids Opinion on Culture and Orientalism全部正文内容使用word 1.5倍行距，从引言那页开始标页码，页码居中对齐。 EdwardW Said was born in a
6、Christian family in November 1st, 1935 in Jerusalem. People can know Saids opinion clearly. First, he revealed the relationship between culture and imperialism. For example, from a variety of novels he cited, people can realize the imperialism and find the cruelty of the imperialism, which can infer
7、 his thought in fighting against imperialism. Second, people can observe his consciousness of equality; it is shown by his narration about his own background in Culture and Imperialism.二级标题及以下标题使用12 号times New Roman加粗，段前一行，然后回车正常行距书写正文。He introduces some French and British literary works in it, whic
8、h unfold the bad influence of the colonialism on colony.A. Saids Thought on CultureMLA格式：每级标题下的首段及以后每一段都需缩进五个字符 When talks about the narration, Edward W Said says that his fundamental opinion is that story is the essential content; it is also the method for the colony people to ensure their status a
9、nd the existence of them. Said states that the meaning of culture has double aspects in his book Culture and Imperialism. First, it refers to the art of description, communication, expression, and other activities. These activities are relatively independent from the economic, social and political a
10、rea. At the same time, they exist in the form of aesthetics; one of the major goals is recreation.文中没出现作者名字时，括号中作者姓氏 页码，中间不需要加标点。文中引用的句点在括号后。大段引用的句点则在括号前。参见下文中紫色字后的句点位置 He thinks that the biggest treasure of culture exists in the investment of knowledge and aesthetics. The following sentences show h
11、is idea. You will be shown full of vitality. The vitality not only comes from the colony activity, but also the foreign countrys geography and people. The most important thing is that your right notion have you cant imagine those inhabitant (Said 78). B. Saids Consciousness of Equality文中出现作者名字时，括号中只
12、写页码 Although the western people think that the eastern world is backward and the people there are very mindless, Edward Said thinks that the eastern people are as equal as the western people. My contention is that Orientalism is fundamentally a political doctrine willed over the Orient because the O
13、rient was weaker than the West, which elided the Orients difference with its weakness.As a cultural apparatus Orientalism is all aggression, activity, judgment, will-to-truth, and knowledge. (204) 大段引用（40字以上）要用单倍行距，整体缩进10个字符。段前段后空一行。首行不缩进 Said has studied the 19th century discourse principally. What
14、s more, he is strongly influenced by the work of thinkers, like Chomsky, and Foucault. Therefore, Saids work also focuses on the contemporary realities and has clear political implications as well. Orientalism together with postmodernist and post-colonial works describes various degrees.C. Saids Cri
15、ticism of Orientalism当文中紧挨的两个引用都是出自同一个作者的同一本书，且这两个引用都在同一页上时，第一个正常写就可如（Said 34)，第二个就只写页码即可如(56) Orientalism is a book published in 1978 by Edward Said that has been highly influential and controversial in post-colonial studies and other fields. In the book, he effectively redefined the term “Oriental
16、ism”（Said 34) . This mean a constellation of false assumptions based on Western attitudes toward the Middle East (56). . The Analysis of One Out of Many from Saids Orientalism Perspective 正文中的作品名字加下划线 The above chapter has introduced what is orientalism and Saids attitude towards orientalism. This c
17、hapter aims at analyzing One Out of Many from Saids orientalism perspective. The main character of One Out of Many is Santosh. He is a cook in Bombay, India. 后几段已省略A. The Reappearance of Orientalism and Its Analysis of One Out of Many一级标题（如I.）和二级标题（如A.）后都可以是一段内容，但至少三行。三级标题（如1.）后至少两段内容。 每级标题之间必须有内容 C
18、laiming to be a citizen of the world, VSNaipaul is one of the most famous writer in Britain who is awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 2001. 后几段已省略。本页只为说明论文的结构，故省略了其中很多段落。B.The Pursuit and Loss of Freedom, Dignity, Identity, and Personal Character The above part introduces the reappearance of
19、oriental-ism and its analysis of One Out of Many. This part focuses on the experiences of Santosh, namely, his loss of freedom, dignity, legal activity, and personal character.文章的各级标题和内容要放在同一页上。如果标题在某页的最下面，要挪到下一页。标题之间需有文字内容，且不能只是一两行，太少了。1. The Loss of Freedom and Dignity二级标题及以下标题使用12 号times New Roma
20、n加粗，上空一行,即段前一行，然后回车正常行距书写正文。所有标题左对齐 One Man Out of Many narrates that Santosh is now an American citizen and he lives in Washington, capital of the world. Many people, both here and in India feel that he has done well. 2. The Loss of Identity Although the Washington people show contemplation to Sant
21、osh, he doesnt abandon the pursuit for freedom. He makes great efforts to make him adapt to the life in Washington. First, He buys a green suit and he decides to not tell his employer. 以后部分省略 当文中出现两个作者共同写的一本书时，格式如下： In the 1970s the Great Pyramid inspired a fad of pyramid enthusiasts, who . . . (Sch
22、ul and Pettit 159). 或者 Schul and Pettit draw attention to the fact that in the 1970s the Great Pyramid . . . (159). 如作者姓名在文中出现，在括号中只写页码。3. The Loss of Personal Character The second part depicts the process of how Santosh pursues his freedom and loses his identity. This part is connected to the secon
23、d part. To be more specific, this part develops on the basis of the second part and the final result of the second part. 以后部分省略 如果无法找到第一手资料（即原作者）则可以间接引用（即引用别人说过的话）。如鲁迅说的原话找不到, 但是张三在他的文中引用过，则可以在文中写鲁迅说过.，然后再括号中写引自张的书。括号中的作者是参考文献中应该出现的条目，即你能找到张三的书就把张三的书写在参考文献中。括号中写qtd. in 然后空一个格加作者姓，再空一格写页码。参照如下：Lu Xun
24、 states that “Mankind has always thought to substitute energy for reason” (qtd. in Zhang 274). Conclusion This essay mainly focuses on Saids oriental-ism and its reappearance in One Out of Many. After studying, people know that orientalism has three levels of meaning. Whats more, relying on the anal
25、ysis of One Out of Many from Saids orientalism perspective, especially, the sufferings and encountering of Santosh in Washington, people now can know how arrogant and contemptuous the western people are to the eastern people. 以后部分省略Conclusion 部分要和正文部分比例协调，且涵盖要点Conclusion不用另起一页，因为它是正文的一部分Works Cited（
26、居中）（times New Roman 加粗) (段后一行）。文献内容Times New Roman 小4号，所有内容先都选中设成1.5倍行距，然后每条再设成段后一行。)。Works CitedFu, Lei. “Oriental Elemental Elements in Naipauls Works in the Context of Heterogeneous CulturesIn the Case of In a Free State.” Journal of Nanchang Hang Kong University 19. 7 (2012): 3.一个作者写的书，格式为 姓，全名.
27、 书名下划线. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.Naipaul, Vidiadhar Surajprasad. In a Free State. New York: New York Vintage International Vintage Books Press, 2003.译作格式 原作者姓, 全名. 书名下划线. Trans. 译者姓名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. Trans. Li, Kun. Beijing: Three Connections Bookstore Press, 2003.同一作者第二本书，
28、以书名第一个主要单词的首字母顺序排列先后，作者的姓名放在第一条文献条目前，第二条文献条目前用三个连字号。-. Orientalism. Trans. Wang, Yugen. Beijing: Three Connections Bookstore Press, 1999.Wang, Shalie. “An Analysis of Naipauls In a Free State under the Perspective of the Spatial Theory.” Journal of Jilin Normal University 16. 4 (2008): 3-4.Xu, Hongx
29、ian. “Research on Orientalism.” Journal of Nanjing Radio and TV University 24. 8 (2011): 6.文献部分不标序号，但是要按照首字母的字母顺序排列。如果一行不够书写需换行时要有三个字符的空格，不同的条目之间空一行书写。如果条目多，则条目间不需要空行。杂志格式 文章作者姓, 全名. “文章标题.” 杂志名称 卷号. 期号 (出版年代): 起始页码.注意：1. 杂志名 卷号. 期号 时间 页码，他们之间都要有一个空格 2. 文章名中所有实义词首字母大写Zhao, Chun. “Reflection and Doub
30、t: Said and Saids Orientalism.” Foreign Literature 12. 9 (2007): 4.网络资源格式网络资源若是期刊则与前面讲的期刊格式一致，若是书籍则与前面讲的书籍格式一致。不同的是后面需加上检索日期及检索的网址。Fischer, Michael F. “Worthless Words for the Day.” 21 November 2005. Retrieved 8 May 2007 .检索日期前加Retrieved，网址需放在尖括号里面，括号外加句点。硕博论文格式作者姓, 名. “文章名”（加双引号）. 作者所在的大学名：未出版硕士或博士
31、论文，年.Brine, J. W. “Collaborative Publishing and Word Processing in the Primary Curriculum: Technology and Side-effects”. University of Toronto: Unpublished MA Thesis/Doctoral Dissertation, 1988.大学名称后冒号，若是硕士论文写Unpublished MA Thesis. 若是博士论文写Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation，然后是逗号，空格之后写年代，句点一个编者编的书ed.表
32、示编者，editor姓, 名, ed. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.Frye, Northrop, ed. Romanticism Reconsidered. New York: Columbia University. Press, 1963.两个编者编的书用eds 表示editors,用复数形式姓, 名, and 名姓, eds. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.Glotfelty, Cheryll, and Harold Fromm, eds. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Atherns: T
33、he University of Georgia Press, 1966.备注：1全部正文内容使用word 1.5倍行距，写作规范 （MLA, APA）中的特殊要求 除外。大段引用（40字以上）要用单倍行距，整体缩进10个字符。段前段后空一行。正文所有页码都要居中。2正文中的一级标题用14号times New Roman 加粗，上空两行下空一行,即段前两行，段后一行。标题如果是在某一页的开始，段前就不再另外空行。3二级标题及以下标题使用12 号times New Roman加粗，上空一行,即段前一行，然后回车正常行距书写正文。标题如果是在某一页的开始，段前就不再另外空行。文章所有标题都顶格即左
34、对齐。4. 文章的各级标题和内容要放在同一页上。如果标题在某页的最下面，要挪到下一页。标题之间需有文字内容。5文献部分不标序号，按各自写作规范的格式进行。如果一行不够书写需换行时要有三个字符的空格，不同的条目之间段后一行书写。6. 目录尽量放在一页纸上，以视内容的多少可采取单倍或1.5倍行距。目录内容应包括论文全部章节的标题（最低要求编到3级标题）和参考文献、附录（可 选择）、致谢，页码居中对齐。Contents (居中，14 号times New Roman 加粗) (下空一行， 即段后一行，开始目录内容), 目录的内容全部用12号字，字体用Times New Roman. 另外，要求在每个
35、条目后加页码，Abstract 中英文除外。7. APA格式：每级标题下的正文首段不缩进，第二段开始缩进五个字符。MLA格式：每级标题下的首段及以后每一段都需缩进五个字符。8. APA Style文中文献中如果出现同姓的作者，按这样标注（名字的第一个首字母. 姓， 年代， 页码）Attaching meaning to symbols is considered to the origin of written language (Q. Wang, 2002, p.30)9. MLA Style 中如果出现上述情况，按照MLA Style中的第二页第六条。书：（书名 页码）；文章：（“文章名” 页码）。其中书名和文章名采用原书名和文章名中的两个实词。10. References（顶格即左对齐）；Works Cited（居中）（times New Roman 加粗) (下空一行， 即段后一行，开始文献内容)8
