《毕业论文（设计）基于MAPGIS 建设项目用地勘测定界成图的方法和技巧.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《毕业论文（设计）基于MAPGIS 建设项目用地勘测定界成图的方法和技巧.doc（5页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、基于MAPGIS建设项目用地勘测定界成图的方法和技巧杨风雷济南市房产测绘房屋安全鉴定中心摘要：基于MAPGIS软件，讲述建设项目用地土地勘测定界图的编辑、用地范围区的属性库建立、土地分类及面积计算统计的方法和技巧。关键词： MAPGIS 勘测定界图 成图 属性库 土地分类 一、前言 测绘信息网近年来，随着社会建设的空前发展，勘测定界图在此中间发挥着越来越重要的作用，每一个大的工程建设项目都必须先经过用地勘测定界和完工后的建设项目竣工测量，而这两项工作的最终成果都是在勘测定界图中得以全部体现。勘测定界图能最直接地为建设单位提供用地数量、红线范围、权属、四至关系、植被分类、统计面积等，是建设单位用
2、地预审报批及发证，落实各阶段经济政策的重要依据。本文将结合本人的工作体会，对基于MAPGIS在建设项目用地土地勘测定界成图的方法和技巧作一探讨。二、工作方法测绘信息网建设项目用地土地勘测定界工作是有建设单位提供规划设计图纸和基础地形数据，通过AUTOCAD软件采集用地红线及界址点桩号坐标。然后由外业人员到实地进行地形图修测、房籍调查、地类调查、权属调查和界址点放样，将野外调查数据返回插入原地形图中，最后将此数据提供给内业，进行数据转换、地类划块、宗地属性库的建立和输出、面积计算统计等图形编辑工作。1、数据转换 数据转换是将AUTOCAD的DWG文件转换成MAPGIS软件数据，两者数据必须通过D
3、XF数据进行过渡。由于MAPGIS软件不能直接生成线型和符号，因此必须在DWG文件中进行严格的分层。通过分层转换生成的MAPGIS数据方可统改线型和符号，以及在MAPGIS软件中进行分层、工程文件编辑和输出。MAPGIS图形文件由区（WP）、线（WL）、点（WT）三要素构成，一般将建设项目用地的GIS工程文件分为七类项目进行管理，分别为红线范围区.WP、基础地形.WL、基础地形.WT、界址红线.WL、界址点.WT、权属界线.WL、面积注记.WT。2、图形编辑 为满足土地报批图件规范的需要，图纸比例尺一般为1：2000。图形编辑除修改线型和符号外，还需进行线型颜色设置：水系2号色，等高线167号
4、色，界址线175号色，权属界线5号色等；注释和子图符号颜色设置：界址点号175号色，权属注记5号色，面积注记175号色等；针对区块颜色设置，成图一般都以村为权属统计单位，进行宗地区块颜色设置，一个村一种颜色，相邻村用不同色块表示，一般宜选择色相饱和度在25-36之间的颜色，例如62号色（36青）；189号色（36品红）；131号色（36黄）；18号色（36品红+36青）；173号色（36品红+36黄）等。面积计算注记统一规范为：单宗地注记式样为“ XX XX 林地 0.5670 ，其中XX代表村庄编号代码、XX为村地块序号、林地为地类、0.5670公顷为面积；村面积注记“XX村面积0.5556
5、公顷”，宋体4X4mm；“XX镇总面积1.5660公顷”黑体5X5mm ；“XX县（市）总面积10.5556公顷”，黑体6X6mm。3、土地分类 土地分类按2002年国土资源部土地分类（试行）标准执行，将土地分为三大类、十五小类、七十一种，并按种类逐一编号，具体如下：农用地：指直接用于农业生产的土地，包括耕地、园地、林地；牧草地及其它农用地（5项二级类）；在二级基础上具体细分为二十七个三级类。建设用地：指建造建筑物、构筑物的土地，包括商业、工矿仓储；公共设施、公共建筑、住宅、交通、水利设施、特殊用地八项二级类，细分为三十二个二级类和四个三级类。未利用土地：指农用地和建设用地以外的土地包括未利用
6、土地和其它土地；二项二级类，分十二个三级类，如其它土地分为河流水面、湖泊水面、苇地、滩涂、冰川及永久积雪五个三级类。测绘信息网根据上述土地分类标准，对征地红线范围进行划块，划块线线之间应采取短点捕捉、结点平差、能满足拓扑关系。4、用地范围属性库建立与输出 为对征地范围内的用地能方便统计和管理、查询，必须建立用地属性库数据。将界址红线、权属界线及划块线添加一起成一个文件，通过自动剪断线清除微短线清除线重叠坐标自动线结点平差线转弧段装入转换后的弧段文件拓扑查错重建拓扑，将完成拓扑的区命名为红线范围区.WP。通过编辑区属性结构，建立县市名称、乡镇名称、村庄名称、宗地编号、地类代码、用地性质等字段名称
7、，输入各字段名称相应的字段类型、字段长度，通过区赋属性和参数赋属性等工作，完成属性库的建立。根据属性赋参数的功能，可以通过相应的字段名称赋参数，编辑不同类型的土地勘测定界图。为了以后面积计算统计方便，可以将红线范围区.WP文件中的属性输出到外部属性数据库DBASE文件，此文件可以在Excel软件中打开，利用土地勘测技术规定中统一表格进行计算统计。5、土地面积计算与统计 测绘信息网 1、面积计算分别以行政区划从村、镇、县再汇总到全部，再根据土地的使用性质不同分宗地计算统计，数据可以直接通过区属性库输出，到Excel软件进行分类汇总。测绘信息网2、面积计算以公顷为单位，计算保留小数点后4位，参与统
8、计时要有相应的亩数，图上注记采用公顷。3、面积统计遵循从小到大，逐级汇总的原则，从地块村镇县（区）全线汇总，并且统计出的总面积应与全线理论面积相一致，一环扣一环地进行计算和统计测绘信息网三、工作技巧 基于MAPGIS软件的土地勘测定界成图过程中，当土地分类划块完成之后，经过拓扑处理得到征地范围区.WP文件，接下去就是如何建立属性库，如何才能快捷、方便的完成。下面主要将对这方面的一些工作技巧作一简要探讨。1、在工程文件中新建一个地类.WT项目，根据每一地块地类性质输入地类代码，例如“灌溉水田”输入111，“旱地”输入114等，输入时一定要注意将坐标点输在拓扑区范围内。当全线输入完成后，即可以通过
9、点编辑编辑点属性结构，新建 “地类”字段名，此字段类型为“字符串”，再通过点编辑注释赋属性功能，将输入的地类代码转为地类属性并保存。2、上述已经完成地类赋属性，建立了“地类”字段名。下面将利用编辑菜单中的Label功能将点属性赋于区属性。打开征地范围区.WP文件，通过其他Label合并功能，区文件中即可自动生成“地类”字段名，并且在区文件中已经自动加入地类属性。测绘信息网3、对征地范围区.WP文件，通过区编辑修改区属性编辑区属性结构，继续新建 “县市” 、“乡镇名” 、“村庄名” 、“用地性质”等字段名，字段类型均为“字符串” 。上述区字段属性可以通过修改区属性及根据区参数改属性功能来输入属性
10、。为了以后统计方便，县市、乡镇名 、村庄名可以用乡镇代码表的数字代码进行输入。4、通过上述的操作，已经完成了区属性的输入。下面即可通过空间分析模块进行数据汇总，最后通过属性库管理模块打开征地范围区.WP文件，浏览区属性及输出DBASE属性库文件。四、结束语 上述讲述了基于MAPGIS软件的土地勘测定界成图的方法和一些工作技巧。在实际制图过程中，还应发挥软件本身功能、讲究方法、从而提高制图速度，做到图件美观、面积数据准确，为社会主义建设做出更大贡献!测绘信息网参考文献1郭达志等 . 地理信息系统基础与应用 . 北京：煤炭工业出版社，19972黄杏元等 . 地理信息系统概论 . 北京：高等教育出版
11、社，2001.123MAPGIS使用手册.作者简介 杨风雷，男，1979年8月，济南市房产测绘房屋安全鉴定中心，测量助理工程师，主要从事房产测绘、土地勘测。济南市建国小经三路4号，邮编250001，电话0531-82092030，传真0531-82092010，电子邮箱fl_y20020808sina.COM。Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather f
12、rom tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on th
13、e moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for
14、the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a Geor
15、ge Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Missi
16、on. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for
17、taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted t
18、he partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of
19、 disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an importa
20、nt role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather
21、lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbu
22、lence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concret
23、e bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to re
24、ach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization
25、 parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He w
26、ill have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 m
27、eters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
