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1、毕 业 论 文题目 An Analysis of the Heroic Characteristics in “The Old Man And The Sea”老人与海中主人公的性格分析姓 名 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英 语 指导教师 2012年 5月 20日ABSTRACTHemingway is one of the most famous novelists in America. He created a perfect image of Code HeroSantiago in The Old Man and the Sea which made Hemingway win th
2、e Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most influential and far-reaching novels of literary treasure of the world. It so widely-read that people consider that “Whatever there is an intellectual, people know Hemingway and nobody knows Hemingway without knowing his
3、 work The Old Man and the Sea” .In the introduction of the essay, the author will make a brief description about the contents of this novel and point out the main idea of the novel. The contents of the essay are to analyze the characteristics of Code Hero. And then the author will set out framework
4、of the essay. The first part of the body is the background information. Through the introduction to Hemingways legend life, people can find some common points between the author and the old man, and the most familiar point is that both of them have the spirit of Code Hero. In the second part of the
5、body, the author will portray the process of his catching Marlin and fighting with the sharks. Then the author analyzes the spirit of Code Hero. The last part of the essay is the conclusion. This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the s
6、pirit of never-give-up.KEY WORDS: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; Code Hero; Santiago摘 要 海明威是美国著名的小说家之一，小说老人与海使其获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。在此小说中，作者创造了一个完美的硬汉形象桑地亚哥。老人与海是一件影响广泛，寓意深刻的世界文学瑰宝，它广泛地为大众所阅读，以至有人这样认为“只要是个文化人，你就会知道海明威其人。知道海明威，你就不可能不知道小说老人与海”。 本文是从分析作品中老人这一形象出发，揭示“硬汉”的特征，倡导一种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。在论文中，作者将对小说的
7、主要内容作一简单的叙述，揭示小说的中心思想，并提出本次设计的内容分析小说主人公桑地亚哥这一硬汉形象特征。然后简单介绍此次论文的写作思路及框架。论文正文的第一部分为背景信息，我们通过介绍小说作者海明威的传奇一生，指出作者对于小说主人公的诸多相同之处，其中最相似之处便是都具有“硬汉”精神。在正文的第二部分，作者将结合老人捕鱼前后及在大海中航行的遭遇，具体分析小说主人公的“硬汉”形象特征。本文的最后一部分为总结。通过对小说中“硬汉”形象的分析，深刻揭示“硬汉”精神对当今社会的现实意义，倡导这种坚忍不拔，永不言败的精神。关键字：海明威；老人与海；硬汉；桑地亚哥OUTLINEIntroduction T
8、his paper explores the theme of the “code heroes “created by Ernest Hemingway, one of the greatest American writers, and analyzes the main characteristics of the “code hero”. The author points out that the novel not only describes the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicates Heming
9、ways Code Hero getting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak and in the grim fate of pressure, he also shows the spirit of Code Hero. Background Information 1.1 The introduction to the author 1.2 The Introduction to the background . A brief introduction to The Old Man and the Sea
10、. Detailed study of the heroic characteristics 3.1 Everlasting hope for the future 3.2 Unyielding spirit for facing the challenge 3.3 Heroic behavior in the actual battle 3.4 Loneliness endurance in the long fightingConclusion This paper analyzes the image of the old man, reveals the characteristics
11、 of Code Hero, and advocates the spirit of never-give-up. The chief point about Santiago is that he behaves perfectly and honorably, with great courage and endurance. While losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught, he comes with the message that while man may froe old, and be wholly down on
12、 his luck, he can still dare to stick to the rules, persist when he is destroyed, and thus by the manner of his losing to win his victory. IntroductionThe Old Man and the Sea was published in 1952 and was one of Hemingways most successful novels which made Hemingway win the Nobel Prize for Literatur
13、e in 1954.The novel tells a very simple story which chronicles the adventure of Santiago, based on a true story of a Cuba fisherman. After eighty-four days without catching a fish, Santiago, an old Cuban hooks a giant fish. For two days and two nights the old man holds on while the fish pulls him fu
14、rther and further. Finally he kills the fish and ties it to his skiff. Almost at once, brutal sharks begin to take his prize away. He struggles against the sharks with the harpoon, the oar, the knife, the short club. The sharks eat all but the bones of the fish. Half dead with exhaustion, he brings
15、the skeleton home and makes his way to bed and dreams of his golden time. In the novel, Hemingway creates an immortal artistic figure, Santiago, a representative of Code Hero. Santiago is a poor fisherman who lives alone and has finally lost all will to live. Every day is the same dull, monotonous r
16、outine. His wife have died; his only comfort is a boy who is forbidden to fish determination in holding onto a gargantuan fish, Santiago is plunged into the adventure of his life, but will it bring meaning to his days? But it is the spirit of Code Hero to support him fighting and living. The chief p
17、oint about Santiago is that he behaves perfectly and honorably, with great courage and endurance. While losing to the sharks the giant fish he has caught, he comes with the message that while man may turn old, and be wholly down on his luck, he can still dare to stick to the rules, persist when he i
18、s destroyed, and thus by the manner of his losing to win his victory. The author also wants to point out that the novel not only describes the fight between human and nature and fate but also indicates Hemingways Code Hero getting to its summit. Although the old man in the novel is weak and in the g
19、rim fate of pressure, he also shows the spirit of Code Hero. This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never-give-up. . Background InformationThis paper will make a brief introduction to the author, and also introduce the so
20、cial background and the novels background, in order to make the paper be better understood.1.1 The introduction to the author On July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born in a well-to-do family in Oak Park, Illinois. His father, a successful physician enjoyed hunting and fishing. Going out frequently
21、 with his father, Hemingway developed a way of life and death, and learned such virtues as courage and endurance, Hemingways style of living as an adult and the fact that his books abound in sports terms are partly traceable to his early life. As a boy Hemingway liked boxing and football. He has on
22、a whole a happy boyhood; though he did run away from home twice and observed once that the best training for a writer is an unhappy boyhood. Though he had poor vision from childhood, he was good at sport. In the school he was also an outstanding student. After leaving school at 17 infested with the
23、prevailing fever among the young “to get into the thick of it” and with the sense of the need to experience or observe war at close quarters he tried to enlist in the army, but was rejected because of his poor sight. He went to the Kansas City Star and served as an energetic reporter. Then he was re
24、cruited as an ambulance driver, working with the Red Cross in Europe. This led to the crucial happening of his life. On July 6, 1918 he was severely wounded in the knee in Italy. He recovered in time and stayed with the Italian army until the end of the war. His war experience so shattering and nigh
25、tmarish proved that his life and writing were permanently affected. In a sense, all his life, he lied with it emotionally and continued to write about it in order to relive it and forget it. All along Hemingways life, he married four times; even through this, he was not a fickle lover. Once he wrote
26、 to one of his friends Lillian Loose and said, “I love my sons, l love my wives”. Hemingway is a negative writer. It is very difficult for him to say “yes”. He holds a black, naturalistic view of the world and a man to him is nothing, too. The title of his first important book, The Sun Also Rises, r
27、eferring to the biblical “Ecclesiastes” is downright nihilistic in tone when he says “The sun also rises, and the sun goes down and haste to his place where he arose” and “The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done that which should be done, and there is no new thing
28、 under the sun”. He has evidently a very negative attitude towards life. Hemingway sees life in terms of battle and tension. All of his works dramatize this concept of life, that it is dangerous and is always ready to defect and destroy you; but that, if you keep calm and stand on your set of princi
29、ples , you may win on your own terms, through as the winner you get nothing except, perhaps, the knowledge that you have played well by chaos and brutality and violence (as in A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls and many sketches In Our Times), by crime and death (as in To Have and Have Not
30、and The Killers), and sport, hard drinking and sexual promiscuity (as in The Sun Also Rise and some of his short stories). And his typical Hemingway hero is one who wounded but strong, more sensitive and wounded because stronger, enjoys the pleasures of life (sex, alcohol, sport) in face of ruin and
31、 death through some notion of a code and ideal of himself.Hemingway is a myth in his own time and a myth in American literature. He is a glamorous public hero of sorts whose style of writing and living was so precise because he acted out the theme of his own books.1.2 The Introduction to the backgro
32、undHemingways life was active and adventurous but full of pains. He lived in the period when the World War One broke out when many young volunteers took part in the war which was also called “a war ends all wars”. But the cruel reality made them aware that modern warfare was not as glorious as they
33、thought. Actually the First and the Second World Wars had affected Hemingway a lot, for he had once joined the army and had injured in Italy, so he suffered a lot from the war deeply. He was disappointed with the world at that time and became very pessimistic about the fate of the human beings. As a
34、 young writer and spokesman of the “The Lost Generation”, and influenced by the greedy and heedless way of life in America, Hemingways works all vividly recorded the life of those physically and mentally wounded soldiers, revealed the frustration, loneliness when “God is dead”.The novel The Old Man
35、and the Sea is based on a real story. The story goes that in the late 1940s, upon return from an early morning fishing trip, Fuentes (Hemingways friend) and Hemingway saw a small boat 10 miles out to the sea. Hemingway asked Fuentes to approach the vessel to see if they needed help. Inside the boat
36、were an old man and a boy. As the vessels closed, the old man began yelling at them with insults including telling them to go to hell, indicating that they had scared away the fish. Fuentes and Hemingway looked at each other in surprise. Just the same, Hemingway asked Fuentes to lower them some food
37、 and drinks while the old man and boy glared at them. Without another word exchanged, the two boats parted ways. According to Fuentes, Hemingway began immediately to write in his notebook and later asked him to find the old man. But he never was able to find the fisherman that had made such an impre
38、ssion on Hemingway. A few years after The Old Man and the Sea was published, residents of Cojimar believed that the old fisherman that Fuentes and Hemingway ran into at sea was a humble local fisherman they called el Viejo Miguel; some described his physical appearance as a wiry Spencer Tracy.The ot
39、her circumstances that made Hemingway wrote the novel was Hemingways writing capability had been questioned by people at that time. Under all kinds of gossip, Hemingway decided to write The Old Man and the Sea which had been constructed in his mind for more than 10 years. At last, this masterpiece p
40、roved his writing talent. A brief introduction to The Old Man and the SeaIt is a poetic and tragic novel told in language of great simplicity and power. Its hero is an old Cuban fisherman, Santiago, who is down on his luck, and tries to fight against his fate. In the story Santiago has gone for 84 d
41、ays without catching a fish. As a result, Mandolin, a little boy, who used to sail with him, is forbidden from fishing with the old man by his parents and forced to catch fish in another “good-lucky” ship.Later despite the boy asks for fishing together again, but the old man insists on fishing alone
42、 and at last, he succeeds in hooking a giant marlin which is eighteen-foot, the largest he has ever known before. But the fish is very powerful and disobedient. It tows the old man and his boat for almost 48 hours, the old man could do nothing but bearing the whole weight of the fish through the lin
43、e on his back. The old man, with little food and sleep, has to bear a lot of pain and at the same time fight against the fish. To his great excitement, he was rewarded for his struggle. On the third day at sea, he finally catches the weakened marlin to the surface and harpoons it. On his way home, h
44、e lashed marlin alongside his boat because it is too big to be put in the boat. But, unfortunately, the sharks assaulted the old man and the giant marlin in different directions for four times. The old man fights to kill the sharks with as much strength as he can summon, but only to find a giant ske
45、leton of his marlin left after his desperate defense. At last, Santiago, having lost what he fought for, reaches the shore and struggles to his shack. He falls into sound sleep, dreaming of Africa and the lions again. Detailed study of the heroic characteristics In The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway
46、 created a recognizable group of people with distinct characteristics, which combines the strong spirit in Hemingway himself with the characters of tough guys. This is what we called the code hero. The spirit of Cold Hero is concentrated on four areas: Firstly, never give up hopes in any difficult c
47、onditions; secondly, keep daring spirit and never admit defeat in the process of fighting; thirdly, behave heroically in the actual battle; and last, endure the loneliness in the long process of fighting.3.1 Everlasting hope for the future One may lose the battle in life, but he can achieve a moral
48、significance after his courage, bravery and ability to endure have been tested. Because the hope does not die and the power is not off. Even if the hope is slim, we also must try our best to fight for it. The author believes that, hope makes the old man fight with the Marlin, fight with the sharks and fight with his own will. At the beginning of the novel, the author depicts the image of the man. “The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of the neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his
