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1、Contents摘要3Abstract41 A Brief Introduction to Charles Dickens and Great Expectations51.1 Charles Dickens51.2 The Great Expectations51.3 The Cardinal Theme in Great Expectations62 Analysis on the Educational Meaning in Great Expectations72.1 Search for Ones Own Identity72.2 Moral Improvement83 Artist
2、ic Features of Great Expectations123.1 Unique and Creative Methods of Narration123.2 Comic and Ironic Effect in Describing Story133.3 Symbolic Meaning and Grotesque Feature in Character Portrayal143.3.1 Joe Symbolizing a Good Man with Decent Character143.3.2 Bentley Drummle Symbolizing the Grotesque
3、 Caprice of the Upper Class163.3.3 The Marsh Mists Symbolizing Danger and Ambiguity .174 Conclusion18Bibliography19Acknowledgement20远大前程的教育意义和艺术特点摘 要查尔斯狄更斯（1812-1870）是世界著名作家之一。远大前程是狄更斯最成熟的作品之一，也是他晚期的作品。远大前程叙述了一个青年幻想破灭的故事。金钱使皮普从一个穷学徒变成阔少爷，也使他染上了上流社会的恶习，而背离了他原有的劳动人民的纯朴天性。没有了金钱， 皮普两手空空地回到家乡， 但恢复了自己的人性。
4、 本文透过对小说远大前程的分析，揭示狄更斯在作品中反映出的深入思想及写作的艺术特点。第一章简单介绍作家生平和作品大意。第二章将集中分析人在寻找自我时需要勇敢与自我的弱点、有罪的过往斗争，正是由于对峙和激烈的心理斗争与深刻的内心剖析，人性的真善美才能战胜假恶丑，才能取得道德的进步。第三章着重阐述小说的艺术特征，尤其是在叙事技巧和人物刻画方面的特色。最后得出结论，狄更斯是英国文学史的一代名家，取得了辉煌的艺术成就。关键词：远大前程； 教育意义； 艺术特色； 叙事技巧 The Educational Meaning and Artistic Features in Great Expectation
5、sAbstractCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was one of the most famous writers in the world. Great Expectations was one of Dickens most successful works, and it was his work of comparably later period. Great Expectations told us a story of a young man whose exceptions became babble. Money made Pip from a p
6、oor man to a rich people, but he also learned the bad things of the upper class. Without money, Pip had to go home, but he got what he wanted. This paper would explore the deep educational meaning and writing features that the author Dickens reflected in the Great Expectations. The first chapter wou
7、ld provide us a brief introduction to Charles John Huffman Dickens and Great Expectations. The second chapter would focus on confrontation of individual weakness and guilty past to search ones identity and would specifically analyze the moral achievement of the hero through intense inner struggle. T
8、he third chapter would elaborate the unique artistic features of the Great Expectations, including narrative techniques and the skills of character portrayal. The last chapter was about the great achievements of Charles Dickens and his great influence on the later literary creation.Key words: Great
9、Expectations; Educational Meaning; Artistic Features; Narrative TechniquesThe Educational Meaning and Artistic Features in Great Expectations1 A Brief Introduction to Charles Dickens and Great Expectations1.1 Charles DickensCharles John Huffman Dickens was an English writer, generally considered to
10、be the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and responsible for some of English literatures most iconic novels and characters. During his lifetime, Dickenss works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, and they remain popular today. His literary genius was fully recognized by critics and sc
11、holars. His writing style was florid and poetic, with a strong comic touch. Many of his characters names provided the reader with a hint as to the roles played in advancing the storyline. All authors might be said to incorporate autobiographical elements in their fiction, but with Dickens this was v
12、ery noticeable, even though he took pains to mask what he considered his shameful, lowly past. He was a fierce critic of the poverty and social stratification of Victorian society. His fiction, with often vivid descriptions of life in nineteenth century England, had inaccurately and anachronisticall
13、y come to symbolize on a global level Victorian society (1837-1901) as uniformly “Dickensian”. 1.2 The Great ExpectationsThe story took place on the Christmas Eve, 1812, when the protagonist was about seven years old. Great Expectations was a story of the orphan Pip told by the protagonist in semi-a
14、utobiographical style as a remembrance of his life from the early days of his childhood until years after the main conflicts of the story have been resolved in adulthood. Pip, whose parents had been dead, was a poor child. He lived with his sister and her husband Joe. One evening, he was sent to Mis
15、s Havishams house and played with her. At that time, he met Estella, a girl who was adopted by Miss Havisham. Since he met Estella, he fell in love. He decided to be a gentleman. And he wanted Miss Havisham sent him to Landon to study. But sometime later, Estella went to Landon and Pip had to go bac
16、k home and to be a blacksmith. One day, he received a letter and had a chance to go to Landon. When Pip was at Landon, he met his companion, Herbert Pocket and Mr. Jagger, a lower who gave him money from his guardian. But Pip had not seen his guardian. He thought that this chance must be given by Mi
17、ss Havisham. She must have wanted Pip marry to Estella.Pip met Estella in Landon. He told Estella how he felt. But Estella told that she didnt want to hurt him and she would never love him. She was going to marry to a rich but rude man.Just then, an old man Mr. Mag witch visited Pip. To his surprise
18、, the man was the convict and he was Pips guardian. Pip felt all hope was lost. He had to help Mag witch escape from the police. Herbert decided to help them. They hid in Herberts house where was near a river. They could row a boat along the river and went abroad. 1.3 The Cardinal Theme in Great Exp
19、ectationsSome of the major themes of Great Expectations were crime, social class, empire and ambition. From an early age, Pip felt guilty, he was also afraid that someone would find out about his crime and arrest him. The theme of crime came into a greater effect when Pip discovered that his benefac
20、tor was in fact a convict. Pip had an internal struggle with his conscience throughout the book. Great Expectations explored the different social classes of the Georgian era. Throughout the book, Pip became involved with a broad range of classes, from criminals like Mag witch to the extremely rich l
21、ike Miss Havisham. Pip had a great ambition, which was demonstrated constantly in the book. 2 Analysis on the Educational Meaning in Great Expectations 2.1 Search for Ones Own IdentityDickens had Pip as the writer and first person narrator of this account of his lifes experiences, and the entire sto
22、ry was understood to have been written as a retrospective, rather than as a present tense narrative or a diary or journal. In Great Expectations, the first one was to determine the nature of people. As the outline Miss Havisham in Great Expectations should belong to the typical bad woman. She was sp
23、oiled in childhood; she was cheating by the groom in the wedding day. After that, she never went out of her home, from “Revenge of the world of men ”seems to be all her life, and she was full of an old monster. The second was to figure clarity. In Dickenss novels, each character represented a certai
24、n class of people, reflected the commonality of a group of people. Such as the image of Jaggers, who fully reflected the image of lawyers in London society. The third was to seek deep humans meaning. Dickens was very good at digging the implied human factors, and through them to reflect the tendency
25、 of human nature and the laws of some universal things.(Michael Wheeler,1985, p.1985)14 Joe sister being gangsters in the attack, after paralyzed in bed she became a mild temperament, asked Joe to forgive her. The Pips expectation was just the search of ones own identity, It focused on the confronta
26、tion of individual weakness and guilty past to search ones identity and would specifically analyze the moral achievement of the hero through intense inner struggle. Pip lived a humble existence with his ill-tempered older sister and her strong but gentle husband Joe. Pip wanted to become a blacksmit
27、h like brother-in-law. Pip was satisfied with this life and his warm friends until he was hired by an embittered wealthy woman, Miss Havisham, as an occasional companion to her and her beautiful but haughty adopted daughter, Estella. His meeting with Havisham changed his attitude toward life, and he
28、 admired his decent way of living like a gentleman.he met Estella and fell in love with her, but he cannot marry her because of his inferior status and his expectations changed: raise his social status and to become a gentleman, get better education and then marry Estella. Finally, Pip had realized
29、the money and social status was not the most important thing in life. What was important was love and loyalty. Mans true value had nothing to do with his money and status. Every man had his faults, we saw much valuable morality from the leading character in Great Expectations and he deserved our res
30、pect, such as his fortitude,and goodness. It was a continual process while individuals growing and improving. (John Forster,1928, p.38)11Pip got his good morality back and started a brand-new life although his bright future was broken. 2.2 Moral Improvement Pip was the main character of this novel.
31、He was an orphan who never sees his parents for unexplained reasons. He was brought up “by hand” by his fierce sister Mrs. Joe Gargery and befriended by her husband Mr. Joe, the village blacksmith. At that time, Pip lived a quiet life with kindness and innocence. All his expectation was to become a
32、man like Joe and do something useful. However, when he met the beautiful but arrogant Miss Estella in Satis House, he found that he lived a “common life” of the “lower class”. So he feet self-abased and unsatisfied with his “common life”. He wanted to change and became a gentleman of the “upper clas
33、s” to match with Miss Estella. He became rash and frustrated. At this very time, an anonymous benefactor helped Pip to receive higher education in London. For Pip, he finally got the chance to change his “common life” totally, no longer to be a member of “lower class”, but to became a gentleman of “
34、upper class”, which he desired eagerly after he met Miss Etella. From then on, Pip lost his innocence and honesty. He lived a luxurious, squandered life and became snobbish, feeling ashamed for his poor relatives. But fortunately, at last Pip got rid of his illusion about the “great expectations”, a
35、nd with friends help, he earned his own living by doing business in India. He turned out to be a kindhearted, generous and faithful man. He no longer expected himself to be a blacksmith like Joe, nor to be a gentleman of “upper class”, but he relied upon his own efforts to make full of himself and t
36、o find what he really wanted.At the very beginning of the story, a lonely, anxious and frightened little kid appeared before a misty ceremony. Immediately, readers felt sympathy for Pip because he was now standing before his parents graves. On the visit to his parents graves, Pip met an escaped conv
37、ictMag witch, a figure of pity as well as horror, who would affect Pips whole future. At this stage, the little boy Pip showed his immaturity. When the whole family had the Christmas lunch together, though he was quite worried about his secret being discovered and had to bear his sisters scold, what
38、 in his mind was to wring Mr. Wopsles big Roman nose, because all of them except Joe treated him in an ill and despised manner. At this stage, Pip was innocent, timid and kindhearted, which was influenced greatly by his brother-in-law, and became a blacksmith like Joe and lived a quiet life is Pips
39、“great expectation”Miss Havisham was an eccentric lady who lived in semi-seclusion with her adopted daughter, Estella. Because she was deserted on her wedding day, she has reared Estella to take malicious revenge on the male. Estella as the adopted daughter of the bitter eccentric Miss Havisham, she
40、 was brought up as an instrument of her benefactress revenge on men. She was both beautiful and arrogant with an ice-heart, and Pip fell in love with her even though she openly scorns him. He was tempted from the first, by Miss Havishams riches and by Estellas contemptuous behavior. Pip feet uncomfo
41、rtable as he played cards with the haughty, sharp-tongued Estella, but, because of his feelings of inferiority, Pip was determined that he would learn to read and write and better himself. He was a fiercely determined boy, convinced that someday he would be Estellas cultural equal. This provided us
42、Pips growing ambitions and his expectations for a better life than that of a blacksmith. In this stage, he did not realize the sick dimensions of Miss Havishams life, nor had he understood the cause and depth of Estellas snobbery. (Humphry House, 1960, p.163)12As he was a victim of Mrs. Joes temper,
43、 he was a victim of social class feelings. (艾晓玲, 2000, p.59)1 After determining that Joe would not hold Pip to his apprenticeship if there was something better for the lad, Mr. Jaggers, a lawyer, tells Pip that he was a young gentleman of great expectation. There are conditions, but they are simple:
44、 he must move from his present surroundings, and he was to make no inquiries about whatever about his benefactor until it was revealed to him. Pip received these conditions and replied “My dream is to out”. He took it for granted that it was Miss Havisham who was going to make his fortune on a grand
45、 scale. When Jaggers suggested that Joe accepted the money as compensation, Joe said, “Money can never compensate for the loss of the little childwhat come to the forgeand ever the best of friend”(Charles Dickens, 2003, p.54)9Excited with his good fortune, Pip nevertheless feet gloomy and lonely. Jo
46、e and Biddy were happy for him, but feet a great sadness about his leaving. Biddy said that Pip would be proud and might want to stay in a place he felt well and with respect. Pip told her being envious and showing a “bad side of human nature”(Charles Dickens, 2003, P.68)9 But at the tailors shop, t
47、he hatters shop, the boot makers, Pip found the obsequiousness overwhelming but pleasant-exactly what he desired. Pips vanity heart swells. Pips expectations dazzle him. He did not yet realize how Miss Havisham had toyed with him, he believed her to be his “good angel”, nor did he perceive the true
48、worth of Biddy, who had taught him much and Joe who had taken care of him; now they were left behind him, a piece of his unpleasant past. Someday, however, they would become more prominent in Pips life. Pip was now free from his apprenticeship to Joe, free from his “common life”, but he was not quite free from his feelings of guilt. The goodness of Joe and Biddy, who left behind, sustained the struggle in Pips mind, even as his great expectations were at last about to be fulfilled. Pip, the orphan young, with a new suit of clothes and money in his pocket, set out for
