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1、Shanghai International Studies UniversityNobility and Pragmatism in British Food CultureA ThesisPresented to College of English Language and LiteratureIn Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements forThe Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByXXXUnder the Supervision of Professor XXXNovember 2012AcknowledgementsI
2、owe a debt of individuals who have contributed a lot to this thesis of mine.First of all, I am deeply grateful to my supervisor, Prof. XXX, who patiently motivated me to conceive and develop the idea of the thesis. The careful guidance and mentoring he has provided to me reflect his generous spirit
3、and unending commitment to his profession. He leaves me a lifetime unforgettable memory of his erudition, benevolence, patience, intelligence, diligence and a good sense of humour. Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers, who lead me into the world of English. Th
4、ey instructed and helped me a lot in the past four years.Third, owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.Last but not least, my heartfelt thanks go
5、to my beloved parents, whose love, encouragement and patience are what I cherish the most in my whole life. Once again Id like to express my sincere gratitude to many people that have made this thesis possible. Thank you all for your advice, wisdom and compassion. AbstractIn British national Charact
6、er, there are two distinctive aspects: nobility and pragmatism. Britishs nobility and pragmatism is not acquitting themselves well in all aspect of social life, but also show themselves in the British food culture. Britain has a long food and drink culture. In the long development, British food and
7、drink forms its own system and become an important part in the world. The character of nobility and pragmatism show themselves in many British foods and drink. The afternoon tea is the representative of showing nobility. Pragmatism mainly embodies in the pursuing of nutrient in food material, the si
8、mple cooking method and the idea of eating of British.Britishs nobility and pragmatism which reveal in British food and drink is significant. They give other countries people who have not been to Britain a good impression. Foreigners realize Britishs nobility and pragmatism through Britains food and
9、 drink and get a good impression about Britain. That good impression contributes to improvement of Britains national status.Keywords: British food; National Character; nobility; pragmatism;摘 要英国人的民族性格中有非常与众不同的两点：高贵与务实。英国人高贵与务实不仅表现在社会生活的方方面面，其中也包括表现在饮食方面。英国有很长的饮食文化历史，在漫长的发展过程中，英国饮食形成了自己的体系，也变成了世界饮食中重
10、要的一部分，英国人民族个性中的高贵和务实在英国的许多食物中都得到了表现，其中高贵品质主要表现在下午茶中，务实品质主要表现在对食物原料营养的追求，对简单烹饪方法的追求以及在饮食观上的体现。饮食中所表现出来的英国人民族个性中的高贵与务实有一个重要的意义。那就是给没有去过英国的外国人一种好的印象。外国人通过英国的饮食了解到英国人的高贵与务实使他们对英国产生一种好的印象。这种好的印象有助于英国国际地位的提高。关键词：民族个性; 英国； 茶；食物; 高贵; 务实ContentsAcknowledgementsiAbstract (English)iiAbstract (Chinese)iiiIntrod
11、uction1Chapter 1 Nobility and Pragmatism in British National Character31.1 The Character of Nobility in British History31.2 The Character of Pragmatism in British History4Chapter 2 Nobility in British Drink Afternoon Tea52.1 Nobility in the Origination and Development of Afternoon Tea52.2 Nobility i
12、n the Etiquette of Afternoon Tea7Chapter 3 Pragmatism in British Food and Britishs Food Conception93.1 Pragmatism in Food Materials and Cooking Methods93.2 Pragmatism in Britishs Food Conception11Chapter 4 The Significance of Nobility and Pragmatism in British Food and Drink14 4.1 The Significance o
13、f Nobility in Food Conception14 4.2 The Significance of Pragmatism in Food Style15Conclusion17Bibliography19IntroductionBritain is one of Western European countries, its location on the west side of the Atlantic continental, its 50 degrees N latitude in the north, due to the regulation of the North
14、Atlantic ocean currents and westerly winds blowing throughout the year, a cool, temperate maritime climate with rain throughout the year. Major developments are: planted forage crops and pasture, and the development of dairy farming, but because of their own food and livestock products are not self-
15、sufficiency, to rely on imports, so much so that the dishes are cooked by external information on the ring shadow. However, the UK itself is a historical, cultural history of the country, so how much food they still retain the old tradition of eating habits and cooking skills in clever. Logically sp
16、eaking: the British are generally more popular way of cooking: braise, grill, fried and fried. Of meat, seafood, game has a unique way of cooking; However, they have beef in special preferences, such as barbecue beef (ROASTED BEEF), when the food is not only accompanied by seasonal vegetables, baked
17、 potato, also will add a little mustard on steak sauce; the use of the sauce is like butter and wine; the spices on the meat like Kou, cinnamon and other fresh spices.Better known British food dish are: beef, kidneys sent (STEAK KIDNEY PIE), fried fish row (ENGLISH FISH CHIP), Royal cream of chicken
18、 (CHICKEN A LA KING) and so on. British like hunting, hunting in only once a year period, there are many hotels and restaurants will launch a game dinner, such as deer (VENISON), rabbits (HARE), pheasant (PHEASANT), goat (WILDSHEEP) such as cooking. And general cooking game, the berries are used or
19、some gin and wine, this practice is to remove the smell of mutton smell the food itself.They are very particular about breakfast, but oh! British restaurants in the supply of a wide variety of meals have fruit juice, fruit, eggs, meat, wheat porridge, bread, jam and coffee.And nowadays the popular a
20、fternoon tea (HIGH TEA) is passed from the United Kingdom, there are more well-known Victoria-style VICTORIAN STYLE), the content can be said to be all-inclusive, including all kinds of small points, sponge cake, fruit tarts ( TARTE) and sandwiches. Nobility and pragmatism are the two distinct aspec
21、ts in British national character. The two are developing from British long history and give great impact to the society. They also influence British food and drink.Britain is a notion who is crazy for nobility. In the British food and drink, afternoon tea is the most excellent representative to embo
22、dy nobility, one of the reasons why afternoon tea is so popular is that enjoying afternoon tea just like enjoying a noble life. For most ordinary British that enjoying afternoon tea just likes enjoying a moment of noble life.British foods material cooking method and British peoples idea of eating em
23、body Britains pragmatism. They pursue nutrient but not taste. British people do not care about taste. They believe nutrient is more important than taste.Britishs nobility and pragmatism which display in British food and drink has a significant meaning. They give other countries people who have not b
24、een to Britain a good impression. . That good impression is a national treasure because it helps Britain to improve its national status in the world.Chapter OneNobility and Pragmatism in British National Character There are two things which differ remarkably in the English notional character: nobili
25、ty and pragmatism. The juxtaposition of the two features is rather rare in other countries as well as their national characters. They are the most important two features which distinguish the English nation out of others.1.1 The Source of Nobility in British historyNobility, part of the English nati
26、onal character, is generally recognized. The reason for the formation of the unrivalled nobility dates back to the period one thousand years ago when England was invaded by France. The French aristocrats disdained the populace of England. They were unwilling to live like these English common people.
27、 Though their own special life style and experience, the French aristocrats displayed their nobility. For the ancient Englishmen, the graceful life style of the French aristocrats was the aspiration for the entire Anglo-Sax on nation. This is the root of the Englishmens longing for graceful life. In
28、 the following years, this peculiar aspiration of the English people has gradually turned into a national habit. The monarchy existed in England more than one thousand years. The upper class always has great influence on the average people. For example, Knife and fork placement are great importance
29、to the traditional British table manners who understand these may be regarded as the details of many educated people here and briefly explain the need for the rest of the British in the practice. Dinner for eight shaped, half-way if the temporary dining rest for a short knife and fork points can put
30、 a plate and fork blade tip relative to A shape or eight-shaped, knife toward himself, that still continue to eat . If you are talking, you can hold knife and fork, no need to go, but need to make gestures, it should be put down knife and fork, do not be armed with knife and fork, waving in the air
31、shaking.The English society pursues the noble life of the upper class with the greatest enthusiasm of the world. The English people regard it as some kind of fashion. Though the pursuit of aristocratic, they have already brought the quality of dignity into the standard to judge whether a man is well
32、 educated. After more than on thousand years accumulation, the quality of nobility has branded deeply on the mind of both the English aristocrats and the populace. As a result, nobility has become a very important part of the English national character nowadays.1.2 Pragmatism in British History Cult
33、urePragmatism, which is an indispensable part of the English national character, is generally recognized. It is a nation where daydream and empty talks can hardly existed. People there like to try their best to realize what they think about. In the history of the country, English people always empha
34、size the spirit of pragmatism. Especially in the period of industrial revolution, the quality of pragmatism has been full demonstrated. They did all kinds of creation and invention with the spirit of pragmatism. From the invention of various machines to the progress of politics, science and literatu
35、re, the quality of pragmatism developed tremendously during that period. The change which took place in every aspect of the country enhances the importance of pragmatism in the mind of English people. In British food culture they consider the cuisine is a sense. They think whether the colour and the
36、 taste of the food are delicious, the nutrition is the most important. Though sometimes the taste is not very well, they still eat all the food because these foods have much nutrition. Secondly they think the food is used for eating when hungry. So they usually choose the meat or the beef. Meanwhile
37、 the food industry has developed, such as fast, canned, although taste, but saves time machine-made, and nutrition. Consequently, pragmatism becomes one of the most valued qualities of English people. Even today, England is still one of the most powerful countries in the world. Its prosperity is ind
38、ispensable with the quality of pragmatism.The two distinctive aspects in national character show themselves in all aspects of the society. At the same time, nobility and pragmatism reveal themselves on British food and drink.Chapter Two Nobility in British DrinkAfternoon Tea There is a lot of Britis
39、h beverage producing impact on noble manner of aristocracy, especial afternoon. Afternoon tea is the very representative.2.1 Nobility in the Origination and Development of Afternoon TeaAfternoon tea began in Victoria Times. A noble woman felt very dull at afternoon. On some days afternoon, she got v
40、ery hungry. So she asked her servant to give her a cup of tea and some sandwiches. Then, she sat on a comfortable chair and ate sandwiches slowly. In the process of eating she found it was really making her pleasant. That time was no longer dull. Thus she decided to drinking tea and eating food in e
41、very days afternoon. The long afternoon became more interesting because of afternoon tea. Later when her friends went to her house she entertained them tea and cakes in afternoon. All of her guests liked such kind of entertainment. Gradually, drinking afternoon tea became popular in aristocracy. Aft
42、er many years, ordinary people were also drinking afternoon tea too.In the long development, afternoon tea is the proud. Now it becomes popular in the world. In fact, the most popular style to drink tea is high tea but high tea is often a misnomer. Most people refer to afternoon tea as high tea beca
43、use they think it sounds regal and lofty, when in all actuality, high tea, or “meat tea” is dinner. High tea, in Britain, at any rate, tends to be on the heavier side. After British took afternoon tea to America, American hotels and tea rooms, on the other hand, continue to misunderstand and offer t
44、idbits of fancy pastries and cakes on delicate china when they offer a “high tea.”Afternoon tea (because it was usually taken in the late afternoon) is also called “low tea” because it was usually taken in a sitting room with drawing room where low tables (like a coffee table) were placed near sofas
45、 or chairs generally in a large withdrawing room.Britain is traditionally brewed in a warmed china teapot, adding one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot. Most British like their tea strong and dark and with add a lot of milk.About one hundred years ago, Britain gradually developed into a
46、 system of making tea. At that time people thought the mil should poured into the cup first, so as not to crack the porcelain.The traditional way of making tea is:1. Boil some fresh cold water.2. Put some hot water into the teapot to make it warm.3. Purl the water away4. Put one teaspoon of tea-leav
47、es per person, and one tea-spoon into the pot.5. Pour boiling water onto the tea. 6. Leave for a few minutes.7. ServiceIt is amazing that a plain afternoon tea has such complicated procedure. That complicated procedure has a close relationship with British tradition. Watching carefully the method to
48、 making afternoon tea, people will find every step are courteous and not fall into a flutter. It seems that the traditional afternoon tea cares about how to show a series of noble manner but not care how complicated the procedure is. Such custom comes from Britains tradition of nobility. British are particular about their life and pay attention to education and bearing. They think drinking tea could show their bearing. Britain is a country which attaches importance to tradition of noble. They used to show their noble in the life. So, the afternoon tea can be c
