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1、本科毕业论文 逃避，不如直面 浅谈“逃避主义”的根源学生姓名： 学生学号： 院 （系）： 外 国 语 学 院 年级专业：2003级英语本科3班 指导教师： 二七年五月Facing up Rather than EscapingBrief Introduction to the Roots of EscapismYin XuekunUnder the Supervision ofLuo LiangSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPan zhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstract.IKey Words.I摘要.
2、II关键词.IIIntroduction.1I. The Roots of Producing Escape.3 A. The External Reasons.31. The Social Reasons.32. The Specific Environmental Reasons.4 B. The Internal Reasons.4II. The Specific Phenomena of Escape and Its Harm.5III. Measures to Solve These Problems of Escape.8Conclusion.12Acknowledgements.
3、13Bibliography.14AbstractEscaping from reality is a kind of trend in modern society; many people have a great interest in it. Although people are familiar with this phenomenon, they still have no deep understanding and thinking about it. So we should know that what the definition of escape is. In fa
4、ct, escape is that when people confronted with pains and difficulty in their daily life, they do not take relevant measures to solve these problems and bravely face the reality, but choose the way of escape. Through carefully thinking, actually, it is not difficult for us to gain the methods to deal
5、 with these problems. Due to different people facing different problems, there are different channels to escape. By analyzing a series of ways of escape, I will give out the real roots of bearing escape. Then list some persuasive phenomena and illustrate their harm. In the light of harm, I will rais
6、e some measures to solve these problems. At last I will make a conclusion and illustrate in order not to afford their own pains and responsibilities, people always choose to escape. However, all their efforts are in vain. Their behavior just makes these problems become more complex. Therefore, the o
7、nly effective way is to face them bravely when pains and difficulty befall us.Key WordsEscape; difficulty; face摘要逃避这一现象是现代社会的一种潮流，深受人们欢迎。然而，即使人们对这一现象十分熟悉，但都缺乏对它的深入理解和思考。因此我们必须明白什么是真正的逃避，即逃避的定义， 逃避是指当人们在现实生活中遇到困难和问题时，他们并不是通过一系列措施来解决所面临的问题从而面对现实，却是选择逃避的方式。通过仔细思考，对于我们来说得出那些的问题的解决措施其实并不难。由于不同的人面临不同的困难和问
8、题,他们便有不同的逃避方式。通过分析这一系列逃避现象, 提出人们产生逃避的真正原因。然后列举出一系列有说服力的逃避现象并阐述其危害。针对其危害,制定出解决这一问题的措施。最后得出结论,说明为了不承担本属于自己的痛苦和责任,人们总是选择逃避。然而人们所做的一切都是徒劳的。他们的行为只是将问题变得更为复杂而已,因此唯一有效的方法是当痛苦和困难降临到我们身上时,一定要大胆地面对而不是逃避。关键词逃避；困难；直面IntroductionIn modern society, people are rather familiar with a kind of phenomenon that is the
9、escape. Just as Duan Yifuthe author of Escapism said, “escape has become one of the most popular phenomena in peoples life ” (Duan Yifu，187). Although people are not strange to this phenomenon, all of them lack a deep understanding about it. In fact, escape means that when people confronted with dif
10、ficulty in their life, they do not choose to face reality but to escape. Human beings live in the world; everyone has their worries and pains. At the same time, everyone has such a thought of escape when they confront with some pains and worries. Just as Yi-Fu Tuan said that only the worries and pai
11、ns can make people feel their life truer. He also told us pains are the truth of life, it is unnecessary and useless for us to indulge in pains and be unable to recover after setback. Moreover, facing different kinds of troubles, people always have different types of channels to escape. In the view
12、of the channels of escape, I will raise the real roots of producing escape. There are two main aspects to illustrate the roots, which are the external and internal reasons. Then list some persuasive phenomena and elaborate their harm to society and individuals. People are yearning to escape nature,
13、however, when they avoid to glorious culture. They are still long for avoidance; their destination of escape is also nature. At this moment, people have entrusted specific cultural connotation to this nature, which is the result of peoples experience and history. Actually, at last, all of our effort
14、s of escape are in vain. Now that we cannot escape all the things that we want to, how exactly do we do? So I will work out the measures to solve those problems from the two aspects of society and individuals. At last, I will explain that in order not to afford their own pains and responsibilities,
15、people always choose escape in their daily life. I want to make more and more people be aware of the truth: its impossible to escape the nature, cultures, chaos and the humans animal instincts ultimately. Since escape just makes the time of solving problems become longer and longer, at the same time
16、, make the procedures of solving the problems become more and more complex. Therefore, everyone should learn to hold responsible for him, meanwhile we should understand that if we want to escape the reality by our own strength, all the actions of our shirking responsibilities are so weak. People are
17、 rather hesitated between the escape and facing reality bravely. Only when we hold the ideas of facing reality bravely, we can solve these basic problems. The Roots of Producing EscapeA. The External ReasonsUndoubtedly, Human beings live in the world; everyone has their worries and pains. At the sam
18、e time, everyone has such a thought of escape when they confront with some pains and worries. Just as Duan Yifu said, “only the worries and pains can make people feel their lives truer. He also told us pains are the truth of life, it is unnecessary and useless for us to indulge in pains and be unabl
19、e to recover after setback.” (Duan Yifu，187). The external factors produce some great effects on peoples life and social development. As for the phenomenon of escape, first of all, the influences come from two aspects (including society and the specific environment).1. The Social ReasonsIf a person
20、wants to live in the modern society, he or she must learn how to deal with these problems that he or she is confronting with in his or her life. With the development of science and technology and the approaching of 21thcentury, it is not difficult for us to know that social competition becomes cruel
21、er and crueler. As for a leader, it is not easy for him to gain an ideal position, which he has expected for a long time. Furthermore, he works with the expectations from his family and his friends. At the same time, Chinese people lack of the spirit of adventure and tending to own a relative stable
22、 environment. Therefore he is not willing to take a risk at making a strategic decision by him. Another reason is that when he carries out the strategic decision, it is inevitable for him to meet some difficulty. Moreover, these problems cannot be solved by his strength. Therefore, in order not to a
23、fford the responsibilities, and lessen his responsibilities, he has to make decision with his colleagues. Naturally, escape comes into being in his own mind.2. The Specific Environmental ReasonsIn our daily life, we often said that his family decides a persons development. That is to say, if he live
24、s in a family of happy and healthy atmosphere. He may grow into a successful person without doubts. In fact, he may let people down. From this example, we can know that specific environment directly decides whether you can succeed or not. So does escape. We can learn from this kind of phenomenon tha
25、t when all the people are doing something together, their strength will be scattered. We take singing the nations song as an example. People always have this kind of thought that now that many people are singing now, so it does not matter whether I sing or not. Under the specific environment and sit
26、uation, people have special psychological situation. The essence of such kind of situation is shirking and escaping responsibility. In fact, singing the nations song explains members strength is scattered, which also reflects peoples ideas of escape. Furthermore, the experiment of tug-of-war once ag
27、ain proves the phenomenon of escape. When the race is one-to-one, one persons strength is far more enormous than his imagination when the race is ten-to-ten. Generally speaking, when people are doing something together and their strength is not stronger than the summation of everyones strength. More
28、over, the more people there are, the more obvious of such kind of phenomenon is. Actually, such kind of phenomenon exists in peoples life. Some people always hold views that even if I make an effort to face such competition, I still also cannot guarantee that our group can win. Naturally, people wil
29、l think that it is not important for them to make efforts or not. Furthermore, there are other members besides me. From their views, we can see they are shirking responsibilities. So come to the conclusion that the specific environment affects peoples mind, and then, escape comes into being naturall
30、y.B. The Internal ReasonsThe internal factors include the humans psychological reasons and the humanistic weaknesses. Why do the people live? And how should they live in the modern society comfortably? With the development of society, modern peoples material life is improved by a large degree. Howev
31、er, worries and pains are producing in peoples daily life, at the same time, which puzzle people and make them become more and more blundering and idleness. Meanwhile, serenity, happiness and comfort are also far from human beings. In modern society, some people have a quite stronger feeling to purs
32、ue the outer materials than ever before, although they have gained many materials from outer world. Compared with the materials, it is undoubted that their inner wisdoms will become weaker and weaker. When people have the craziness and persistence sense of pursuit, countless worries and pains will c
33、ome into being. But many foolish people always think that outer environments cause worries, pains, failure, poverty and illness. So they erroneously think that only be far from the outer environment or changing ones own environment, or following the chose to escape everything, or escaping society an
34、d even foolishly choosing to commit suicide. And then they can gain elaboration and happiness to some extent. However, they do not know that all the real roots and all the methods of solving the problems are not from the external environment but the internal. The biggest sorrow of life is that peopl
35、e do not know whats what. The Specific Phenomena of Escape and its HarmAlthough the leading Party does not change in China since the foundation of PRC, there is always a strange phenomenon. When the leaders make a decision or put down a policy, they are not willing to complete the task individually
36、forever, but collectively. Why did the leaders choose such a kind of leading principle? As a matter of fact, the essence of their behavior is that when the problems do occur, they can take less or no responsibility. Furthermore, at the end of decisions or policies, we can see at least three peoples
37、signatures instead of one persons. At that moment, many decision-makers will raise the so-called flag of democracy and advancement. Why such kind way of making decision may be the work principle of some Chinese leaders? Because the civilians think that the phenomenon is too normal to raise any doubt
38、s about their leaders. Besides, due to their poor education, they cannot draw out suitable and effective decisions to deal with the problems that occur in their daily life. At the same time, the civilians do not have such kind of sense of self-protection, they do not have enough ability and energy t
39、o oppose or doubt about his leaders decisions. Furthermore, the Chinese civilians are tame by nature; they are willing to be led by their leaders. Therefore, they acknowledge their leaders actions and support their leaders naturally. However, there are still minority sensible and wisdom people knowi
40、ng some leaders secret actions. Actually, they only want to escape their duties when the policy is carried out. Therefore, that phenomenon has no reasonableness, and it also cannot be stood for close scrutiny. Under their so-called democracy, their real aim is to escape responsibility and put blames
41、 onto others. However, generally speaking, it is inevitable that there are some negative effects when people are carrying out these decisions or policies. If all the leaders follow such kind of leading principle, then who can afford the responsibility which is caused by the negative effects of the d
42、ecisions or policies? Moreover, even if all the leaders make the policy together, there are still some disadvantages. So we should not feel glad as all the people agree on the policy unanimously. Because people often think that there is no problem about the unanimous policy, whats more, during carry
43、ing out these policies, their senses of nervousness will be cut down. That is to say, they think that others will manage the negative effects, since they think that they did not make the decision, its not my business and then make the responsibility be scattered.In the country of Tebe, the King and
44、the queen knew from a soothsayer that their son would kill father and marry mother that was decreed by his fate. Then the king used the iron wire pierced through his only three-days aged sons ankle, and ordered the servant to abandon his son. Fortunately, the latter sympathized with the baby and han
45、ded him to a shepherd who came from the neighbor country of Tebe. Following, the shepherd presented the baby to his king who had no children. Naturally, he regarded the baby as his own son and brought him up. However, when the baby became an adult, one day he also learnt from the predictor who said that God decreed his fate of killing father and marrying mother. Therefore, in order to escape his fate of killing father and marryin
