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1、2023/4/2,1,HISTOLOGY&EMBRYOLOGYMale and Female Reproductive Systems,2023/4/2,2,2023/4/2,3,Reproductive System,Sex,Gender,ReproductionGerm Cells:sperm and ovum(haploid)Sex Hormones:Male-Androgens(Testosterone)Female-Estrogen,ProgestogenDevelopmental Stages:infant,child,puberty,adult,menopause and old
2、,2023/4/2,4,2023/4/2,5,2023/4/2,6,2023/4/2,7,Male Reproductive System,Testis:producing sperm and hormoneEpididymis:sperm maturation,storageVas deferens:sperm passage during ejaculationAccessory glands(prostate,seminal vesicle,bulbourethral gland):seminal plasma-environment for spermsPenis and scrotu
3、m,2023/4/2,8,2023/4/2,9,2023/4/2,10,2023/4/2,11,TESTISa pair in scrotum,Capsule:tunica vaginalis,albuginea and vasculosa,mediastinum testis&septulum testis into 250 testicular lobulesSeminiferous Tubule producing spermTesticular Interstitium producing androgens by Leydig cell,2023/4/2,12,2023/4/2,13
4、,Seminiferous Tubules,Spermatogenic Cells-spermatogonia-primary spermatocyte-secondary spermatocyte-spermatid-testicular spermSertoli Cell,2023/4/2,14,2023/4/2,15,Spermatogenesis,Stage 1:spermatogonia mitosis(5)Stage 2:spermatocyte meiosis(2)Stage 3:spermiogenesis-round spermatid-elongated spermatid
5、-testicular sperm(no motility,no fertilizing capability),2023/4/2,16,2023/4/2,17,2023/4/2,18,SPERM,Condensed nucleus with haploid(X/Y)Flagellum and mitochondrial sheathAcrosome containing enzymesMembrane with ovum-recognizing ligand,2023/4/2,19,2023/4/2,20,Sertoli Cell,Support and nutritionBlood-tes
6、tis BarrierSecretion:Androgen Binding Protein InhibinPhagocytosis,2023/4/2,21,2023/4/2,22,2023/4/2,23,Leydig Cell in Interstitium,Steroid-producing cell structureAndrogens:spermatogenesis/secondary sexual characteristic developmentHormonal regulation-Hypothalamus GnRH-Pituitary Gland FSH LH(ICSH)-Te
7、stis Sertoli Leydig,2023/4/2,24,2023/4/2,25,2023/4/2,26,Sperm Passage,Tubules rectusRete testisEfferent ductulesDuctus epididymisVas deferensUrethra,2023/4/2,27,Epididymis,Efferent ductules:principal cell with cilia&glandular cellDuctus epididymis:pseudostratified columnar cell with sterociliaMicroe
8、nvironment for sperm maturation-motility-fertilizing capability,2023/4/2,28,2023/4/2,29,2023/4/2,30,2023/4/2,31,2023/4/2,32,Semen sperm+seminal plasma,Sperm count,motility and morphologySeminal plasma(pH 7.4,2-6 ml)-bulbourethral gland:lubricate-prostate:ACP,Enzymes,PSP-seminal vesicle:fructose,deca
9、pacitation factor,coagulation factor,2023/4/2,33,Female Reproductive System,Menstrual Cycle(bleeding monthly)and significant developmental stagesOvum productionEstrogen/progestogen secretionEmbryo developmentFetal breast-feeding,2023/4/2,34,2023/4/2,35,Female Reproductive System,Ovary producing ovum
10、&hormonesOviductUterusVaginaMammary gland,2023/4/2,36,Ovarian Follicle Development,Primordial follicle primary oocyte+flat follicular cells(1 million at birth,40,000 before puberty)Growing Follicles(few decades/month)-primary-secondary Mature Follicle(one per month,secondary oocyte)Atresic Follicle,
11、2023/4/2,37,2023/4/2,38,2023/4/2,39,2023/4/2,40,Growing Follicles,Primary:-primary oocyte growing-follicular cell proliferation-zona pellucida formationSecondary:-follicular antrum-cumulus oophorus&corona radiata-stratum granulosum-theca interna and theca externa,2023/4/2,41,Estrogen Production,LH:1
12、7 hydroxydase in theca cell(cholesterol-androgen)Androgen diffuse into granular cellFSH:aromatase in granular cell(androgen-estrogen),2023/4/2,42,2023/4/2,43,2023/4/2,44,Ovulation,Once per month on 14 day of the cycle36 48 h before ovulation,primary follicle completes first meiosis,becoming secondar
13、y oocyte and first polar bodyLH surge leading to ovulation delivering secondary oocyte and z.p/c.r-no fertilization:degeneration-fertilization:completing second meiosis,2023/4/2,45,2023/4/2,46,2023/4/2,47,Corpus Luteum,Granulosa lutein cell producing progestogenTheca lutein cell producing estrogen w
14、ith granulosa lutein cellCorpus luteum of menstruation(14 days,then degeneration,corpus albicans)Corpus luteum of pregnancy producing estrogen/progestogen/relaxin under hCG,2023/4/2,48,2023/4/2,49,HOME WORK,What is the main differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?Describe the structure of
15、ovary at 6 yr and 25 yr;7th day of the cycle,21st day of the cycle,one month after pregnancyHow many types of cell in ovary involve in hormone production?,2023/4/2,50,2023/4/2,51,OVIDUCT Infundibulum,ampulla,isthmus and intramural portion,Mucosal folds with simple columnar ciliated cells and secreto
16、ry cellsInner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle coatOuter covering of peritoneal mesothelium,2023/4/2,52,2023/4/2,53,UTERUS,Uterus body-perimetrium-myometriumendometrium:basal layer and functional layers(menstrual cycle)Uterus CervixNo menstrual cycle in endocervix,2023/4/2,54,2023/4/2,5
17、5,Menstrual Cycle(28 days),1-4 day:menstrual phase5-14 day:proliferative(follicular phase)15-28 day:secretory(luteal phase)thick,uterine gland,stroma cell,matrix,spiral artery,predecidual cell,ovary structure&hormone profile,2023/4/2,56,2023/4/2,57,2023/4/2,58,2023/4/2,59,Hormonal Regulation of Mens
18、trual Cycle,Feedback mechanism GnRH/FSH LH/Estrogen ProgestogenFollicle&E./Proliferative Phase LH peak and OvulationCorpus luteum&E.P/Secretory PhaseE&P decline and Menstrual PhaseWhat happens if Fertilization/pregnancy occurs?,2023/4/2,60,2023/4/2,61,2023/4/2,62,2023/4/2,63,HOME WORK 2,Describe the basic structure of vagina and its cyclic change during cycle.Describe the basic structure of mammary gland and the main difference between resting and breast-feeding mammary gland.,
