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1、Unit3学习目标预览Words:shame n. 羞愧 ashamed adj. 感到羞愧的 shameful adj. 可耻的fail v. 失败 fail to do sth. /fail in doing sth 没能做成某事failure U失败 C一个失败的人，一件失败的事chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学药品 chemistry n. 化学 chemist n. 化学家attractive adj. 有吸引力的，漂亮的 attraction n. 吸引 attract v. 吸引 attract ones attention吸引某人的注意力operation n. 操
2、作，手术 operate v. 手术；操作 operate on sb. 给某人动手术pressure n. 压力；（精神上的）压力 press v. 压，挤，按；逼迫 n. 新闻affect v. 影响effect n.影响 have a good/bad effect on/upon sb./sth. 对某人/某物有好/坏影响 effective adj. 有效的recognize认出 recognization 识别认出 recognized .公认的be recognized as 被公认为relax v. 使放松 relaxing adj. 令人放松的 relaxed 感到放松的 r
3、elax oneself 放松一下relaxation n. 休闲，放松 do harm/damage to给带来伤害 harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对有害 harmless adj. 无害的embarrass vt. 使人窘迫，使人为难 embarrassing adj. 令人为难的，使人局促不安的embarrassed adj. 觉得不好意思的，发窘的 embarrassment n. 害羞，窘迫，难堪regular adj. 规则的，常规的 irregular adj. 不规则的；不符合常规的figure n.（从0到9的）数字；图形；（人的）身子，人影，
4、体态；人物，名人；（雕刻、绘画等的）人物像，肖像； v. 想，估计；计算，认为，判断； figure out 计算出；想出，理解，想明白operate vt. / vi. 运转，奏效（起作用），开动（机器等），操作，实施（管理）properly adv. 适当地，合适地 proper adj. 合适的，适当的consideration n. 考虑 take sth. into consideration 把考虑进去achieve high grades / progress / ones goal / ambition 获得高分；获得进步；实现理想make great achievements
5、取得巨大的成就 full of energy精力充沛 energetic adj. 精力充沛的regular adj. 规则的，正规的，正式的；定期的，匀称的，有规律的；常规的regularly adv. 有规律地；经常；定期地count vt. & vi. 数，点数，数数目vi. 算数，有效，有价值，有重要意义，有影响力，起作用Sb. concentrate on / upon sth. 专心于，精力集中于concentrate on / upon 把集中在上a large / great amount of “大量的”，主要用于修饰不可数名词large amounts of “大量的”，主
6、要用于修饰不可数名词economic loss经济损失especially 尤其 / specially专门地Useful expressions:keep/stay slim 保持苗条go on a diet 节食put on weight体重增加lose some weight 减肥control weight 控制体重take weight-loss pills 吃减肥药be ashamed of 对感到羞愧recover from a disease 从疾病中恢复be dying to do sth. 极想/渴望做build up ones strength 增进体力cheer sb.
7、 up 使某人振奋起来side effect 副作用fall out（头发等）脱落in the long/short term 长期（短期）in the long run 从长远看，终究on ones own 独自 prepare sb. for 使某人做好的准备in secret 秘密地along with 连同，随同come across 偶遇convey important information 传递重要信息recommend sth. to a friend 向朋友推荐make the most of 充分利用cheer sb. up 使高兴起来live a busy life 过着
8、忙碌的生活think about 考虑a headache to adults 对大人们是件头痛的事take in 吸收，欺骗，留宿feel tired 感到疲倦by the way 顺便说一下have no time left 没有剩余时间in no time 立刻be responsible for 对负责任give out papers 分发试卷exercise regularly/ regular exercise 经常锻炼vegetables and fruit 水果和蔬菜cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事be a good match for 和很匹配It is
9、nt worth it. 不值得。hear from sb. /receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信work out 锻炼身体；“计算出（总额等）；制定出，想出（办法）；解决（问题）；理解，看出；结果是，产生某种结果，有预期的结果，证明有效/有用as a matter of fact 事实上 (in fact, in actual fact, actually) a piece of advice (on) 一条建议/一项忠告give sb. a piece of / some advice on how to do sth. 关于如何做某事给某人一条/一些建议f
10、ollow / take / accept ones advice 听从/遵循某人的建议 be popular with/among young women donate money and clothes to people in the flood stricken area给灾区居民捐钱捐物Vocabulary Ex.1. You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you _ so young?A. change B. grow C. become D. stay2. Would you advise me on
11、how to stay _ ? Try to live regularly, eat more vegetables and be in a good state of mind.A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. more healthily3. It is broadcast that the weather will _ freezing for another few days.A. look B. last C. stay D. get4. Put the meat in the fridge so that it can _ fresh.A.
12、keep B. stay C. become D. leave5Emergency line operators must always _ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help. A. growB. appearC. becomeD. staywork（机器等）运转，运作使（机器等）运转，使运作，操作产生（预期的结果、效果等），（方法、计划等）进展顺利，（药物等）起作用，(身体器官、想法、计划等)发挥功能， We still dont really understand how
13、the brain works. Do you know how to work that machine?fail 失败，不成功给不及格不起作用，（作物）歉收使失望；有负于 缺少，缺乏fail to do sth 未能，不能，忘记 fail in sth. / in doing sth.He failed (to pass) his driving test. 他没有通过驾驶考试。a failure一个失败的人，一件失败的事Ex.1. Words _ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son fr
14、om the burning house.A. failed B. left C. discouraged D. disappointed2. How about _ Christmas evening party? I should say it was _ success. A. a; aB. the; a C. a; 不填D. the; 不填This experiment turned out to be _ failure, but, as we know, success often comes after _ failure.A. a; a B. /; / C. a; / D. /
15、; aEx.Professor Smith gave us a lot of advice _ learning maths.A. in B. on C. at D. fo2. I have some difficulty _ English. Why not ask Mr. Li for _ ? He is very good at it.A.learning; an advice B. to learn; advicesC. in learning; some advice Dlearning; some advices3. The advice _ was really worth pa
16、ying attention to.A. given B. made C. raised D. said3. He advised _ until next week, but I advised that he _ to see the doctor at once.A. waiting; went B. to wait; go C. waited; go D. waiting; godamage v. & n.“损坏，损害”，一般损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，常常仍可以修复（破坏还有修复的可能）。do / cause damage to对造成损害destroy只能作动词“破坏
17、；摧毁；毁灭”，指完全彻底的破坏。含有无法修复之意，也可用于比喻义。如：destroy ones hope / dream使梦想破灭。ruin “（使）毁灭；破产”，严重破坏以致不能修复。The ink has ruined the painting. 墨水把绘画给毁了。作名词意为“废墟”，常用复数(be / lay)in ruins“一片废墟，成废墟”。The old farmer was very sad because the strong winds did a lot of damage to his crops. 那位老农非常难过，因为大风给他的庄稼造成很大损害。A lot of
18、beautiful cities were destroyed in a flash by the big tsunami that happened at the end of 2004. 2004年年底发生的大海啸在瞬间之内就毁掉了许多美丽的城市。After the typhoon, the whole town lay in ruins. 台风过后，整个小镇成了一片废墟。Ex.In the traffic accident, four people were killed, and twelve _.A. injured B. wounded C. damaged D. destroye
19、d1. Tom was lucky in the accident, but his _ car is under repair.A. ruined B. remained C. destroyed D. damagedconsider有两个意思 “考虑” “认为”“把看作” consider sth consider doing sth.Hes considering studying abroad. consider + 疑问词 + 不定式Theyre considering where to go for a picnic. consider that. consider sb. (as
20、 / to be ) consider+宾语+宾语的补足语（宾补可以是名词、形容词、介词、to be、to do 或to have done等。） I consider it (to be) a great honour to be here with you. 2.认为，把看作 We consider the information very exciting.Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. considering可用作介词或连词，意为“就而论，考虑到，照来看”He di
21、d poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had studied for them.考虑到恶劣天气，运动会延期了。_.Ex.Im considering _ him on Sunday because he is considered_ the modernest computer.A. to visit; to inventB. visiting; to have inventedC.visiting; to inventDto visit; having invented2. My family are considerin
22、g _ a computer, which is considered _a great help in our work and study.A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be2. Once _ a difficult and even dangerous place _, Vietnam is now a friendly destination that welcomes visitors from all over the world.A. considered; visiting B.
23、 considered; to visitC. considering; visiting D. considering; to visit3. _ hes only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well.A. Considering B. Having considered C. Considered D. To considerEx.The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _ the wildlife in the area. A
24、. in B. on C. at D. with2. The _ a teacher has on children is usually greater than that of their parents. A. use B. effort C. effect D. energyrisk n. 危险，风险 vt. 冒的危险risk doing sth“冒险做某事”，后接名词或动名词作宾语与risk构成的习惯短语：at risk 在危险中，处于危险之中at all risks / at any risk 无论冒什么危险，无论如何at ones own / the owners / buyer
25、s risk （损失、风险等）有自己/物主/买主负责at the risk of 冒之危险； run / take a risk/risks 冒险做可能失败、有危险的事I dont want to run/take the risk of losing my friend. 我不想冒失去朋友的危险。Ex.He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost _ the risk
26、of sounding stupid, can I ask a question? Go ahead, please.A. In B. For C. At D. With3. You are always full of_. Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day.A. powerB. strengthC. forceD. energyrecognize vt. 认出，辨认出 承认，认可；意识到recognize sb./ sth by/from sth. 根据认出某人/某物，从可以看出，凭借来看recog
27、nize ones handwriting 认出某人的笔迹be recognized as 被公认为，被认为是我在电话里听出了他的声音。 _.in the long run 从长远看，终究 in the short run 在不久的将来in the long/short term 长期（短期）In the short term we expect to lose money on the book but in the long term we hope to make large profits.Read some English every day, and your English wi
28、ll improve in the long term. It is worth the trouble in the long term. Ex.I sent my American e-pal an e-mail yesterday; and he replied _, _ I had not expected.A. at no time; that B. in no time; thatC. at no time; which D. in no time; whichtake in 把（物）拿进来 接纳/接收，留某人住宿；摄取，吸收，吸入（空气，水等） 领会，理解 欺骗，蒙骗某人She
29、listens very carefully in class, so she can take in almost everything that the teacher says.Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼用鳃吸取氧气。The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods. Ex.The sea water takes _ a lot of heat in summer.A. up B. in C. over D. o
30、ff2. Dont be _ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. (2007 辽宁)A. taken off B. taken out C. taken away D. taken in3. Some false advertisements are taking the countryside women as their targets, because they are easy to _.A. take in B. take on C. take over D. take uptry to do sth. 努力/
31、试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事（看看效果如何）Ex. I usually go there by train. Why not _ by ship for a change?A. to try going B. trying to goC. try going D. to try and go1. The radio isnt wrong. I wonder whats wrong with it? _ the batteries（电池）AWill you try to change B. Have you tried to changeCWould you try t
32、o change D.Have you tried changingNotes to the texts:In this sentence, the phrase work out means do exercise, to exercise to improve physical fitness. 锻炼身体，训练 The phrase can also mean 解决（问题）；找到的答案计算出（总额等）作出，制定出，计划 理解；看出 结果是，产生某种结果；有预期的结果，证明有效/有用He settled down at his desk to work out the difficult m
33、athematic problem. I cant work out the meaning of this poem. 我弄不懂这首诗的含义。Before the lecture you should collect your ideas and thoughts and carefully work out an outline. 在讲座之前，你应理清思路，仔细拟订一个提纲。Things have worked out quite well for us. 事情的结果对我们很不错。Ex._ you _ in the lake with your little friends when yo
34、u were a child?A. Are; used to swim B. Did; use to swimC. Used; to swimming D. Were; used to swim2. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.（2007 安徽） A. that used to be B. it is used toC. it was used to D. it used to be3. She _ in a quiet village, but now she _ in the b
35、ig city.A. used to live; has grown used to livingB used to living; is used to liveC is used to live; used to livingD used to live; used to living4. Wood, which _ to make paper, has been taken the place of by some other materials.A. was used to use B. was used to be usedC. used to be used D. used to
36、being used4. He has worked _ the problem for quite some time, but hasnt worked it _ yet.A. on; on B. out; out C. on; out D. out; on5. We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it _ very well. (2001 全国)A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on6. The bank manager asked his assistant if
37、it was possible for him to _ the investment plan within a week.A. work out B. put out C. make out D. set outEx. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking2.I regret_ you that you have failed in the exam. Oh, how I
38、regret _ so much precious time!A. to inform; having wastedB. informing; to wasteC. informing; wasting D. to inform; to waste3. I regretted _ the days when I _ hard at schoolAwasting; must have worked Bhaving wasted; should have workedCto waste; could work Dto have wasted; would workThey contained a
39、harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail. (page 42, lines 19 20)Here the word contain (vt.) means to have something inside or as part of itself 包含，含有辨析：contain or include?We use contain to talk about objects which have other things inside them: contain用于内里有其他东西的物件This film contains violent scen
40、es. 这部影片里有暴力场面。We use include to show that sb./sth forms part of a whole or belongs to something. include用于若干东西构成一个整体或属于某物。The price of the holiday includes accommodation. 度假的费用包括住宿。The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 这次游览包括参观科学博物馆。Ex.This book _ altogether 100 short stories, _ some by
41、Mark Twain.A. contains; including B. includes; containingC. contains; containing D. includes; including1. The teacher took with a few of his students, _ Li Ming.A. included B. include C. including D. to include2. There are twenty people in the bus, three children _.A. including B. included C. includ
42、e D. to be included Ex.Through a twenty-year research, the scientists finally find out what _ these plants to die.A. made B. brought C. caused D. affected1. It kept raining, _ had caused the river _.A. it; to raise B. which; to rise C. it; rising D. which; raising2. The bus rolled into the valley, _
43、 20 deaths.A. caused B. to cause C. causes D. causingThen the doctor found that someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me. 相配的人和物，配对物 be a good match for 和很匹配The blue napkins were a nice match for the yellow tablecloth. The curtains and carpet are a good match. 窗帘和地毯非
44、常相配。The sofa is a perfect match for the grey curtain in our sitting-room.Richard and Vanessa are a perfect match for each other. 理查德和瓦妮莎是天作之合。match 旗鼓相当的人，对手(a match for sb./ sbs match)I think youve met your match in Dave you wont beat him.我认为你碰上戴夫你是棋逢对手了你战胜不了他。match (vt. & vi.) can also be used a verb, meaning 和相称，和调和，匹配；一致 在方面与匹敌，相等；成为的
