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1、高三英语二轮复习 之 阅读（猜词义）1In meditation(冥想)，people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath. As they breathe in and out, they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds，they let them go. Breathe. Let go. Breathe. Let go. According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation S
2、ociety in Barre, Massachusetts, three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a market change in how the brain allocates(分配) attention. It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside
3、world. Expert mediators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli( 刺激), like facial expressions.The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice, everything from driv
4、ing to playing the piano. The study has shown that meditating is good for the brain. It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being.In an experiment, 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day. A control g
5、roup also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period. Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both groups looked for the numbers, their brain activity was recorded.Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain rec
6、ordings showed that the less experienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number. Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number, as if letting it go, which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number, This shows th
7、at attention can change with practice.Just ask Daniel Levision, who meditated for three months as part of the study. “I am a much better listener,” he said. “I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying.”1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to_. (D)A. feelin
8、gs B. minds C. people D. thoughts2 The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents
9、made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material th
10、at can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an aw
11、ard at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the Citys private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He intro
12、duced his idea to four of Mints directors and won their support. Mint has committed around 500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlops business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.Mr. Dunlop said that the design, whi
13、ch accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can
14、be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where
15、people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.2. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _. (B) A. economically desirableB. favorable to the environment C. for holding music performances D. designed for disaster relief3Dogs wag(摇摆) their tails in di
16、fferent directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found.Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behavior of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli(刺激物) with video cameras. To conduct the
17、 study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Bari University. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various s
18、timuli. They were tested one at a time.The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their ownersa positive experiencetheir tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to t
19、he right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Researchers supposed the dog was thi
20、nking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情)
21、 of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.3. The underlined word “intensity” in the passage means_. (C)A. surprise B. worry C. excitement D. interest4. The underlined word “they” ref
22、ers to _. （B）A. the dogs B. the trainers C. the systems D. the researchers4How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali furth
23、er north, the desert elephant does just that.Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach hig
24、her branches. They have shorter tusks （象牙）， and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a “ba
25、g” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders-they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Yong elephants may even eat the dung （粪便）of the female leader of a group when facin
26、g food shortage.During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine （尿液）to make them muddy!As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other
27、 animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.5The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means“ ” (C)A. remains in the African countriesB. drinks 120 liters of water a dayC. manages to live in desert areasD. eats 150 kilograms of food daily5The African elephant, the la
28、rgest land animal remaining on earth, is of greatimportance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore settin
29、g the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(栖息地). It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills
30、 small trees and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant
31、-eaters.Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such sit
32、uations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also d
33、isappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.6. What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean? (D)A. Fixing the time. B. Worsening the state.C. Improving the quality. D. Deciding the conditions.6 Brian Walker chews pens.
34、He bites them so hard that his boss has warned him to stop or buy his own. Katies weakness is more acceptable-she is unable to walk past a cake shop without overeating. Sophia Cartier finds her cigarette habit a headache, while Alices thumb-sucking drives her boy friend crazy. Four people with very
35、different habits, but they all share a common problem anxiety disorder or, in serious cases. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).From nail-biting to too much hand-washing, overeating and internet addiction（上瘾）,OCD is widespread in almost every workplace and countless home. “It is a relatively common
36、 form of anxiety,” says Dr. Mootee. “The main feature of OCD is the repetition of unwanted obsessive（过度的） thoughts such as worries that doors are left unlocked , gas or electrical appliances are left on.” In order to fight against the anxiety and distress caused by these obsessions, an OCD sufferer
37、performs some form of repetitive act such as hand-washing, checking door locks and gas or electrical appliances. Dr. Mootee says that repetitive washing, particularly of the hands, is the most common type of OCD. She has treated many patients who wash their hands up to 30 times a day. The technique
38、Mootee uses to treat people with OCD is called cognitive-behavioral therapy（认知行为疗法）.“It is based on the general idea that people have the ability to change the way they think and behave,” says Mootee.But when does a habit become a problem? “Its personal,” says Mootee. “Everyone has something unusual
39、, but if you cant put up with it, then its a problem and you need to do something to change it.” Mootee says many people resist going for treatment because they fear they are “crazy”. But as people become more knowledgeable about these problems they will go and get help. The only way to cure is to c
40、onquer.7. By saying “The only way to cure is to conquer.” Dr. Mootee suggests that an OCD sufferer . (D) A. has to be an extraordinary person. B. must cure his illness by himselfC. must overcome many physical illnesses D. should have a right attitude towards the problem7 Sorry to say, our brains nat
41、urally start slowing down at the Cruelty young age of 30. It used to be thought that this couldnt be helped，but new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to work faster. “Your brain is a learning machine,” says University of California scientist Dr. Michael Merzenich. Given the
42、right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All thats required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for the mind. Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process (过程) in which the brain deals with informat
43、ion (positscience com ). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better speed and accuracy (准确性). Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish (辨别)sounds (between “dog” and “bog”, for example) a
44、t an increasingly faster speed. Its a bit like tennis instructor, says Merzenich, hitting balls at you-faster and faster to keep you challenged(受到挑战). You may start out slow, but before long youre pretty quick. The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age
45、is highly plastic. If you ask your blain to learn，it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process. To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you：playing table tennis or bridge，doing crossword puzzles，learning a language.“Wh
46、en it comes to preventing ageing，you really do use it or lose it ，” says Barbara Sahakian, professor at Cambridge University.8. By saying “the brain to any is highly plastic”, the writer probably means the brain can be_. (C)A. used B. mastered C. developed D. researched8Do you want to live with a st
47、rong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as honor help you create this life of good feelings.Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we kee
48、p silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?In the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down ins
