《论文（设计）基于职业教育教学改革的课程设计研究.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《论文（设计）基于职业教育教学改革的课程设计研究.doc（6页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、基于职业教育教学改革的课程设计研究钟燕辉，邱志文，刘长灵(河源职业技术学院， 广东河源， 517000)摘要：本文结合职业教育课程教学改革的基本理念，重点突出“能力目标”、“任务训练”和“学生主体”等原则，对塑料配方设计这门课程进行了整体课程设计研究。关键词：职业教育；教学改革；课程设计；塑料配方设计The research of curriculum design based on vocational education teaching reformZhong Yanhui, Qiu Zhiwen,Liu Changling(Heyuan Polytechnic, Guangdong H
2、eyuan, 517000, China)Abstract: According to the basic ideology of vocational education curriculum teaching reform,and focused on the principle of Ability Goal, Duty Training,Student First,this article research on the overall curriculum design of the Plastic Compound Design.Key words: Vocation educat
3、ion; Teaching reform; Curriculum design; Plastic compound design传统评价一门课程教学的经典标准通常包括以下几个内容：专业内容的熟练程度、重难点的突出，语言、思路、板书的设计，教学文件的符合程度及课堂的管理效果等等。但这种常规的评价方式至少存在两个缺陷：一是评价方式不合理。我们不能以随机听取的一两堂课来概括整一门课程的质量，这样有点以偏概全；二是我们评价内容不合理。课程教学好坏不能只与教师“讲”的好不好有关，更重要的是要看学生“学”的好不好。学生有兴趣，积极参与并学到有用的东西，这才是一堂好课，才是教得好的一门课程。著名职教专家戴士
4、弘教授曾对高职课程的教学改革提出必须遵循的六项原则：工学结合、以职业活动为导向。突出能力目标。课程内容以项目任务为载体。能力实训。学生主体。知识理论实践一体化的课程教学。把握这几点，是我们进行职业教育课程改革的基本方向和基本要求。1下面就以职教教学改革的重点原则为参考主线，对塑料配方设计这门课程进行整体教学设计进行研究探讨。一、课程性质与地位高分子材料行业是轻工行业中的重要组成部分，其中的塑胶模块占据着重要的地位，目前，我国不少高职院校也都开设与此有关的高分子类专业。塑料配方设计与检测是培养专业核心能力的重要组成部分，良好的配方设计是能够生产合格产品的前提条件。本课程是高分子专业一门主干专业课
5、程，整合了原专业教学计划中塑料材料与配方、高分子材料分析与测试等课程的部分内容。通过本课程的学习，使学生熟悉常用塑料材料的性质、应用，初步掌握常用塑料材料的典型配方设计，及对配方设计是否满足使用要求的物理化学力学等性能的检测技术，并最后能对原配方进行优化。课程内容的设计完全模拟塑胶公司企业对专用树脂、专用料和母料等的开发流程，针对开发过程来设计每一学习单元。教学过程的开展由实践情境构成，以工作流程贯穿，以检测任务驱动，充分体现了高分子材料加工技术专业高等职业教育人才的培养要求。二、课程目标设计本课程以常见塑料材料应用的典型配方设计作为项目载体，每个项目都按实验室配方设计流程展开对应的工作任务，
6、各环节对应的能力目标、知识目标、素质目标如下所示：1、能力目标能用外观鉴别法、燃烧法等简易方法鉴别常见塑料材料；能按要求设计常用塑料专用料或母料的基础配方；能用模压机或注射机制备塑料性能测试的标准试样；能利用塑料拉伸测试仪、垂直法阻燃仪等设备对塑料的力学性能、阻燃性能等进行相关性能测试。能准确记录结果，并绘制测试性能图表。能对多组不同配比的标样测试结果进行分析，并确定最优配方设计。能对常用多种不同塑料材料进行配方设计及性能检测。2、知识目标熟悉常用塑料材料的组成、性质、特点、应用和成型工艺。熟悉常用塑料材料各种添加助剂的性质、功用及取用的大致范围。了解塑料配方的组成与表示方法，知道配方设计的内
7、容和基本程序等。了解注射机和模压机的工作原理，熟悉常用塑料的工艺参数。掌握制备塑料测试标样的投料顺序、时间等工艺条件。掌握塑料性能测试仪器的操作规程和测试标准，熟悉测试条件，理解测试原理。熟悉数据处理方法，掌握配方设计的优化过程。3、素质目标领悟塑料制品厂5S管理，提高安全意识和工作现场的管理能力，营造规范、整洁、有序的工作环境。培养学生良好的实验习惯（操作认真、规范，台面整洁、有序，良好的节约、环保等方面的意识）；培养学生严谨、细致、实事求是的工作作风，如实填写实验数据和结果分析。培养学生的团队协作精神，鼓励学生的创造性思维和创新能力。掌握一定数量的塑料专业英语词汇。三、课程训练项目设计本课
8、程以应用最广的6种塑料材料的典型配方设计作为项目载体，按实验室配方设计流程展开对应的工作任务，学生们分组按配方的不同配比进行，最后对比分析测试结果，确定最优配方设计。工作流程如下图所示：塑料的辨识塑料的典型应用配方设计制备标准试样测试标样的各项性能对比分析测试结果确定最优配方6种塑料材料的总体训练项目设计分别为：LDPE耐候棚膜专用料配方设计与性能测试；PP冰箱抽屉专用料配方设计与性能测试；PVC霓虹灯管专用料配方设计与性能测试；家电用的低烟阻燃PS专用料配方设计与性能测试；PC/ABS手机充电器专用料配方设计与性能测试；混杂纤维增强酚醛换向器专用料配方设计与性能测试。从以上看到，所选取的六个
9、训练项目属平行项目，且都是跟我们日常生活或生产比较接近的应用配方，所以一开始就可以极大的吸引学生们的兴趣。确定好总体项目后，再对各个总项目进行细化分解，分解为具体可实施的训练项目、能力目标、相关知识及可测可控结果。现以第二模块的“PP冰箱抽屉专用料配方设计与性能测试”为例，细化分解如下：项目名称训练项目能力目标相关知识可测结果PP冰箱抽屉专用料配方设计与性能测试1. PP塑料材料的辨识能初步用密度法、燃烧法等各种简易鉴别法识别PP料。1、了解PP料的合成方法、结构特征。 2、熟悉PP的性质特点、应用场合及成型工艺。识别PP实验报告2. PP的典型应用配方设计能自查资料对指定的PP制品配方基本构
10、成要素进行分析。1、理解该专用料配方设计的性能要求。2、熟悉配方中增韧剂、填料等各添加剂的作用及添加范围。配方分析报告3. PP冰箱抽屉专用料标准测试样条的制备1、按配比要求准确称取配方各物料的用量。2、能正确对填料进行表面活化。3、能用GH10型高速混料机对物料进行共混均匀。4、能用注射机或模压机制备测试样条。1、表面活化剂的类型及功用。2、注射机或模压机的基本组成、工作原理及操作方法。3、PP冰箱抽屉专用料的相关成型工艺参数。实验报告及标样成型工艺参数4. 标准试样的性能测试1、会用塑料拉伸测试机对标样的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等参数进行测试。2、会用弯曲强度测试仪测试弯曲强度和弯曲模量。3、
11、会用冲击测试仪测试标样的缺口冲击强度。4、用熔融指数仪对熔料进行MFR测试。5、会用高低温试验箱对标样进行耐低温跌落性能测试。1、塑料拉伸测试机的基本组成及工作原理。2、弯曲强度测试仪的基本组成及工作原理。3、冲击测试仪的基本组成及工作原理。4、高低温试验箱的基本组成及工作原理。实验数据记录、分析报告2.5 优化配方设计能通过对比各组不同配比实验结果，对初始配方进行优化。各不同含量添加剂对PP冰箱抽屉专用料性能的影响效果分析。优化后的配方设计报告四、课程考核方案设计考核是相对目标而言的。全面考核、综合评价是课程考核设计的总体要求。课程要突出能力目标，在考核问题上，我们就不能单纯依靠以往的仅用概
12、念问题等“知识考核”来完成，而要用任务式考核方法来重点体现“能力考核”的要求。本课程的考核方案设计主要以形成性考核和终结性考核结合完成，它们的比例为：总评成绩=形成性考核（70%） + 终结性考核（30%）。其中，形成性考核=作业（20%） + 考勤（20%） + 实操（30%）+ 分析报告或实验报告（30%）；终结性考核为实操考核，按要求设计配方，测试标样性能并与期望值的对比。各分值配比为：终结性考核=实操（60%） + 实验报告（40%）。这里有一点要求注意，能力考核不是不要笔试，是要求笔试考核中同样要突出能力考核，如画图能力、计算能力、分析能力等。上述设计中的平时作业考核，课堂上的答问考
13、核，出勤考核，分析实验报告、数据报告等，同属过程考核的一种。总之，新的职教观念要求我们对学生进行全面考核、综合评价2。五、结语通过深刻解读高职教育的核心理念，领悟职业教育课程教学改革的精髓，本文就高分子专业的塑料配方设计专业课进行新的课程设计改革研究探索。自采用新的课程设计进行授课以来，学生们积极参与，学习兴趣有了极大的提高，并且学习效果好。可以就此进行更深层次和更宽幅面的尝试，作为高职新课改的一个突破口。参考文献：1 戴士弘职业教育课程教学改革M 清华大学出版社，2007，6：372 戴士弘职业教育课程教学改革M 清华大学出版社，2007，6：4142作者简介：钟燕辉，男，汉族，广东河源人，
14、在读工程硕士，广东河源河源职业技术学院任教，研究方向为材料成型和模具设计。邱志文、刘长灵，河源职业技术学院，517000作者联系方式： 钟燕辉，广东省河源市东环路大学城河源职业技术学院机电工程学院 517000 联系电话：15976728178，0762-3172936 / 3800226 电子邮箱：lantianyan_2001Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe
15、 weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step
16、foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to
17、reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set
18、for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Str
19、atos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I
20、 live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and
21、 twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the w
22、rinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays
23、an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-da
24、y weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lo
25、t of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes t
26、he concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expe
27、cted to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a sta
28、bilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277
29、kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 fee
30、t (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
