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1、（重重点）第九篇 The Case of the Disappearing FingerprintsOne useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing _them_ could become troublesome. A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates ho
2、w big a problem_ of losing fingerprints is.Eng-Haut Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capacitating totreat his nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC). After three years on the _drug_ ，the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U
3、. S. customs officials for_ 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldnt get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly marks appearing from his index finger.U. S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers a
4、re printed_ and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of （固定搭配）the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler，one potential side effect of his drug treatment is a smooth
5、ing of the tissue on the finger pads. Hence，no fingerprints. “It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will being_ to take place in patients who are taking capacitating，” Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who _prescribe_ the drug to provide their patients with a doctors note pointing out th
6、at their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didnt raise any red flags. But he，also now got the explanatory doctors note and wont leave home _without_ it.By the way, maybe the Food and Drug A
7、dministration, which approved use of the drug 11 years ago,should consider updating_ its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomachs pain and some other side effects. But no where does it mention the potential for los
8、s of fingerprints.（重重点）第六篇 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment Bristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, for example, are all treated with
9、combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day. Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companie
10、s are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market. Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four(2004). Combini
11、ng drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV. In January the New England Journal o
12、f Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT and 3TC. The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients an
13、d with fewer side effects. Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmith Kline. Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the
14、 findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies. The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developin
15、g countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to approve the new pill. There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth dis
16、orders. Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV（重重点）第十篇 Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of me
17、dical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to (a 13-page survey mailed ) in January 1991to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue 期刊of the Journal of the American Medical Association. 杂志名Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who complete
18、d surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. More
19、over, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses.almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event. More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average
20、 number of hours without _ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _ typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. Although 30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrim
21、ination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Be
22、ing “given tasks for punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more frequent occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.*第七篇 Exercise （2013已考）Whether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common expe
23、rience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise o
24、ne should take merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those _of middle age and beyond. For them moder
25、ation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question hard _to answer. Individual variability istoo great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise
26、depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodic
27、ally by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.待添加的隐藏文字内容2What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon ones physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons
28、 do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.*第八篇 Old And Active （2012已考）It is wellkno
29、wn that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the worldA healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment.Scientists are trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese pe
30、ople so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learntfrom their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the hum
31、an body?Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrateAlthough longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problemThe number of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costsThe
32、 country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in life. Its important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations.
