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1、 黑 暗 版 考研英语历年阅读真题解析（19942005）内 部 资 料沪江考研试题研究中心CONTENTSPREFACEI2005 PASSAGE 112005 PASSAGE 232005 PASSAGE 352005 PASSAGE 472004 TEXT 1102004 TEXT 2112004 TEXT 3132004 TEXT 4142003 TEXT 1172003 TEXT 2202003 TEXT 3232003 TEXT 4262002 TEXT 1292002 TEXT 2322002 TEXT 3352002 TEXT 4372001 PASSAGE 1402001 P
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4、31994 PASSAGE 41351994 PASSAGE 5136INTRODUCTION想了半天，还是写下了Introduction这个词，之前的黑暗版guangxian做的很成功，因此在这次的修订过程中有着很大的压力。几经易手，终于在今天暂时定稿，由于水平有限，在这个版本中难免还是有错误，希望大家指出。资料重新进行了排版，收集了1994-2005考研,英语阅读真题56篇,其中，1993-2003年的未做任何改动，新增了2004和2005年的内容。新增的2005年“难句解析”、“试题解析”、“全文翻译”选自新华出版社的历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路，其中2005年的26题答案没有选择此书
5、所给答案，而是选择了C2005年阅读真题的第一篇和第二篇“重点词汇”由沪江荣誉版主henzhanzhao原创而成，2004年的四篇真题和2005年的第三篇和第四篇由沪江laoshenmo完成。祝各位2006年考研顺利！Impossible is nothing Zhuhui09912005年8月1日第N次修订PREFACE一本书最后写成却被安放在最前面的部分叫“前言”。为使读者既不浪费宝贵时间，又能全面把握本资料以运用于考研复习，前言写成“凡例”形式。 本资料正文收全19942003考研英语阅读真题48篇，排列以年份为序，2003年Text 1为第1篇，1994年Passage 5为第48篇；
6、附录收2004年阅读真题4篇。 正文所有文章自2003年7月起连载于 沪江论坛 考研版，历时三月完成，随后不断修订，总耗时逾300小时。 正文每篇文章由“真题原文”、“重点词汇”、“难句解析”、“试题解析”、“全文翻译”五部分组成，因个人能力所限，各部分内容基本选编自国内公开出版的考研与非考研类英语学习参考书。 “真题原文”1/2为网上原有电子版校对而成，另1/2为笔者照书录入，以人大版2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语历年真题解析及复习思路为底本，参其余多本真题书而成，可能是目前网上错误率最低的阅读真题文本。 “重点词汇”之单词解析选自笔者的英文单词记忆研究笔记，是本资料中唯一的原创作品，
7、以词根词缀为主、其它各种方法为辅记忆中高级英文单词是笔者的一贯主张。 “重点词汇”之例句录自辽宁人民版广征博引英汉词典、河南人民版点击智慧新世纪魔鬼词典等近20本书，涉及考研核心词汇1500个，例句翻译按笔者之粗浅理解略有修改，80%例句句型适合议论文写作。 “难句解析”选编自周雷的世图版考研英语阅读：真题语言注释与难句突破2004年版。 “试题解析”之2003年、2002年解析选编自高教版全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试分析（非英语专业）2004年版，其余录自张锦芯的人大版历年研究生入学考试英语统考真题详解2003年版。 “全文翻译”除改正个别印刷错误外，完全按照前述之人大版真题解析及复习
8、思路录入。 “附录1”选编自航空工业版“考试虫”洞穿考研硕士研究生英语入学考试历年实考试题解析。 转载请保持本资料完整性，任何疑问、批评与建议请点击 此处 发表，谢谢！祝各位2005年考研顺利！It is impossible to love and be wise. Francis BaconGUANGXIAN2003年国庆前夜于恶人谷2004年10月12日第N次修订-纵横江湖二十馀载 杀尽仇寇 败尽英雄天下更无抗手 无可奈何 惟隐居深谷 以雕为友呜呼 生平求一敌手而不可得 诚寂寥难堪也2005 Passage 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet ple
9、asure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely develo
10、ped sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natu
11、red, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de waals; study. The res
12、earchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in r
13、eturn for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one rec
14、eived a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough t
15、o reduce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of rig
16、hteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common an
17、cestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast. B. justifying an assumption. C. making a comparison. D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last li
18、ne, paragraph l) implies thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature. C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research mo
19、st probably because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get. B. attentive to researchers instructions. C. nice in both appearance and temperament. D. more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA. prefer grapes
20、to cucumbers. B. can be taught to exchange things. C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated. D. are unhappy when separated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. C.
21、Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 重点词汇：assumption /E5sQmpFEn/ （假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption the mother of screw-up 臆断把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。grievance /5ri:vEn
22、s/ n.委屈, 冤情, 不平。 grievant /ri:vEnt/ n. 申诉人,提出不满意见交付仲裁者。grief /ri:f/ n. 悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤。因为有冤情（grievance）而满怀悲痛（grief）向申诉人(brievant)申诉。tardily /tB:dIlI/ adv. 缓慢。 形容词形式tardy /5tB:di/ adj. 拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）counterpart /5kauntEpB:t/ （相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 P
23、assage 4 。token /5tEukEn/ n. 表示, 向征, 记号, 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。reluctant /ri5lQktEnt/ （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”不愿的。Suggestion systems can work dont be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的不要不愿使用它们。见1994 P
24、assage 5 。indignation /7indi5neiFEn/ n. 愤慨, 义愤。 记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant /in5dinEnt/ adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的 难句分析： Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievan
25、ce.前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regardas的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour
26、became markedly different.该句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了so that引导的目的状语从句。翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。 试题解析：这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义
27、愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。21题，我们应该选择C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。22题答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平23题答案选A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。24题答案选择C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，25题选择B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，假设为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。全文翻译：人人都喜欢大幅加
28、薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在自然杂志上。 研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和 de Waal
29、理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴
30、也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。 2005 Passage 2 Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt
31、know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There a
32、re upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem
33、is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to th
34、e future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomple
35、te, that its Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to
36、pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward o
37、n deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives fo
38、r private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking wa
39、s thatA. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death. B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant. C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life. D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27. According to Bruc
40、e Alberts, science can serve asA. a protector. B. a judge. C. a critic. D. a guide.28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4) A. Endless studies kill action. B. Careful investigation reveals truth. C. prudent planning hinders. D. Extensive research helps decisi
41、on-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do aboutA. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. B. Raise public awareness of conservation. C. Press for further scientific research. D. Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with
42、that of smoking becauseA. they both suffered from the governments negligence. B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former. C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former. D. both of them have turned from bad to worse.重点词汇：prudent /5pru:dEnt/ adj. 谨慎的。Its prudent to take a thick coat
43、in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence /5pru:dEns/ n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀paralysis /pE5rAlisis/ n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。paraphrase /5pArEfreiz/ （n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；
44、短评）para+graph写；parameter（参数）para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）para+site地点。analysis /E5nAlisis/ n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesis /5sinWisis/ n. 综合, 合成take the legislative initiative take the initiative 带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题initiative /i5
45、niFiEtiv/ n. 主动。 名词形式initiate /i5niFieit/ vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起legislative /5ledVis7leitiv/ adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4 。legislation /7ledVis5leiFEn/ （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”旧法律难以适应新事物所以要不断“立法”“立法”之产物即“法规”。难句解析： The l
46、atest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们而召集的（专家团）”。翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science ca
