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1、大副阅读练习1. The objective of lashing the coils is to form one large，immovable block of units in the hold by lashing them togetherIn general，strip coils in three end rows in the top tier should be lashedTo prevent fore-and-aft shifting in the top tier of bare-wound coils group-lashing should not be appl
2、ied due to their fragile nature；the end row of a top tier should be secured by dunnage and wires，which are to be tightened from side to side，and by additional wires to the bulkheadWhen coils are fully loaded over the entire bottom space and are well shored，no lashings are required except for locking
3、 coilsThe lashings can be of a conventional type using wire steel band or any equivalent meansConventional lashings should consist of wires having sufficient tensile strengthThe first tier should be chockedIt should be possible to re-tighten the lashings during the voyageWire lashings should be prot
4、ected against damage from sharp edgesIf there are few coils，or a single coil only，they should be adequately secured to the ship，by placing them in cradles，by wedging，or by shoring and then lashing to prevent transverse and longitudinal movement1The locking coil is _Aa coil secured by shoringsBa coil
5、 placed in cradleCa coil used to secure other coilsDa coil secured by wedgingsC2The general objective of lashing coils is to prevent them from _Atransverse and longitudinal movementBrolling in the holdCvertical movementDfore-and-aft shiftingA3When coils are fully loaded over tanktop and are well sho
6、red，_Athree end rows in the top tier should be lashedBno lashings are required except for locking coilsCthey should be secured to the ship by wedgingDthey should be placed in cradlesB4.If there is a single coil，its securing should be done by _Aplacing it in cradle and then lashing itBshoring it and
7、then placing it in cradleCplacing it in cradle，wedging it，shoring it and lashing itDlashing the three end rowsA2. As for sub-contracting and indemnity，the Repairer shall be entitled to sub-contract on any terms the whole or any part of the Works and any and all acts or things that are in the opinion
8、 of the Repairer necessary or desirable to carry out and complete the WorksThe Customer undertakes that no claim or allegation shall be made against any person by whomsoever the Works is performed or undertaken（including all sub-contractors of the Repairer），other than the Repairer，which imposes or a
9、ttempts to impose upon any such person any liability whatsoever in connection with the Works，whether or not arising out of negligence on the part of such person and，if any such claim or allegation should nevertheless be made，to indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereof1.If a claim is m
10、ade by the Customer against a sub-contractor，_Athe sub-contractor shall indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereofBthe Customer shall indemnify the sub-contractor against all consequences thereofCthe sub-contractor shall indemnify the Customer against all consequences thereofDthe Custom
11、er shall indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereofD2.According to this passage，_ is trueAthe Customer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the RepairerBthe Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the CustomerCthe Customer undertakes not to make cla
12、ims or allegations against a sub-contractorDthe Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against a sub-contractorC3.The Repairer is entitled to sub-contract to _ on any terms all things that are in his opinion necessary to complete the WorksAany personBthe CustomerCa claimerDan allegerA
13、4.This passage is likely extracted from _Aa B/LBGenconCBaltimeDa Ship Repair ContractD3. Whilst proper care must be taken with the stowage of all iron and steel，cargoes of pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are particularly difficult to secure effectivelyIn the upper tween decks of many two
14、 and three deck ships the absence of hatch coamings more than a few inches high adds to the difficulty of securing pig iron and billets carried abreast the hatchways and there appears to be a greater risk of cargo shifting in these spaces than in the lower holdsThe most effective way to secure these
15、 cargoes is to level them and over stow them with other suitable cargoThe over stow should have sufficient rigidity or weight to act as a positive preventative to the movement of pig iron，steel billets，bars，etcLarge quantities of uncovered pig iron or billets should not be carried in the upper-tween
16、 decks with the intention of obtaining an unduly low metacentric height since this does not eliminate the risk of cargo shifting and may endanger the ship if it does shift1.Where the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are stowed in _ of a ship，their risk of shifting is the greatestAthe uppe
17、r tween deckBthe lower tween deckCthe lower holdDin any tween deck without hatch coamingsA2.The most effective way to stow such cargoes as pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes is to _Aplace them in the upper tween deckBover stow them with sufficient rigidity or weight to act as a positive pre
18、ventative to the movementClower the metacenter of the shipDobtain an unduly low metacentric heightB3.It will endanger the ship if the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes _Ahave no risk of shiftingBare over stowed with other cargoes of sufficient rigidity or weightCare stowed in lower holdDsh
19、iftD4.This passage is likely extracted from _Aa B/LBGenconCBaltimeDa Ship Repair ContractD4. With one possible exception，activity in the Dover Strait during the closing hours of 5 May 1998 was normalIt was a dark clear night，the wind was west-south-west force 5 to 6 and traffic was moving easily bot
20、h ways in the traffic separation schemeAs so often happens a“rogue”ship was heading north-east on the northern edge of the south-west bound laneIt was not identifiedThe only additional，but by no means unusual，activity that night was a cross channel survey by the 1，774gt survey vessel STM AtriaShe wa
21、s traversing the channel between a position off St Margarets Bay and the Belgian coastShe was showing the lights of a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre，red white and red all round lights，and also displaying an orange flashing lightRegular traffic information about her activities was broa
22、dcast by the CNIS every hourShe was making GOOD between 4 and 5 knots1.The traffic separation scheme _ in the Dover StraitAwas not establishedBwill be establishedCwas in operationDwas removedC2.STM Atria was _Aa“rogue”shipBa survey vesselCCNISDDover StraitB3.The speed of the survey vessel is between
23、 _ knotsA4 and 5B5 and 6C6 and 7D7 and 8A4.The ship heading north-east _Awas in the wrong lane of the traffic separation schemeBwas carrying out survey operationsCdid not carry any cargo on boardDwas a pirate boatA5. The bulk carrier，long recognized as the workhorse of the world merchant fleet，has o
24、ver the years had its design refined and optimized on the basis of previous successful experienceThis provided what many considered to be a relatively uncomplicated and safe structural configurationRecently，and regrettably with loss of human lives，a series of tragic ship losses has focused the atten
25、tion of the marine industry and the public on the performance and inherent safety of this ship typeExtensive research and development，principally by the major classification societies，has highlighted the possible causes of the bulk carrier losses and brought about necessary changes to the design and
26、 scantlings for new shipsFor existing ships，improvements to safety are anticipated through the reinforcement of the aft transverse watertight bulkhead，and the double bottom structure in way，of the foremost cargo hold，the introduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operatin
27、g procedures，particularly during cargo loading and discharge，in order to avoid over stressing of the structure or mechanical damage1.In this paragraph，the term“workhorse”means _Athe ship that performs dependably in marine industriesBa horse that is used for labor rather than for racing or ridingCa p
28、erson who works tirelessly，especially at difficult or time-consuming tasksDsomething that performs dependably under heavy or prolonged useA2.The refined and optimized design of bulk carriers，considered by many people，_Ais relatively uncomplicated and safe in their structural configurationBis relativ
29、ely complicated compared with previous structural configurationCis relatively not safe on the basis of previous successful experienceDwill join world fleet recentlyA3.The _ is not included in the anticipated improvements to safety for existing bulkshipsAintroduction of a more rigorous survey regime
30、and greater attention to operating proceduresBintroduction of necessary changes to the design and scantlingsCreinforcement of the aft transverse watertight bulkheadDreinforcement of the double bottom structure in wayB4.It is implied that a series of tragic bulkship losses _Awill not be avoided even
31、new design of their structure are introducedBwere contributed by the improvements to safety for existing shipsChas little effect on the marine industry and the publicDwere caused by their inherent structuresD6. The ship loaded with general cargo had parcels of steel pipes of 13 inch diameter stowed
32、6 tiers high in the aft end of the tween decksTwo lengths of 2.25 inch steel wire were laid athwartships across the top of the third tier of pipes，taken back over the top of the sixth tier on completion of stowage and tightened by bottle screws secured to the ships framingIn very heavy weather the s
33、teel pipes broke adrift and extensive damage resulted to framing，bulkheads，air and sounding pipes，etcThe wire lashings and bottle screws were completely destroyed1.The diameter of the steel pipes is _ inchesAnot mentionedB13C6D2.25B2.The steel pipes were stowed in _ tiesA2B3C5D6D3.The steel pipes di
34、d not cause damage to _AframingBbulkheadsCair and sounding pipesDthe aft end of the tween decksD4.The steel pipes were lashed with _ wiresA2B3C4D5A7 Dangerous cargoes of Class 3 are liquids，or mixtures of liquids，or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension（egpaints，varnishes，lacquers，etc，
35、but not including substances which，on account of their other dangerous characteristics，have been included in other classes）which give off a flammable vapour at or below 61（141）closed cup test（corresponding to 656（150）open cup test），normally referred to as the flashpointClass 3 also includes substanc
36、es transported or offered for transport at elevated temperatures in a liquid state which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures equal to or below the maximum transport temperatureHowever，the provisions of this Code need not apply to such liquids with a flashpoint of more than 35（95）which do not
37、 sustain combustionLiquids offered for transport at temperatures equal to or above their flashpoint are，in any case，considered as flammable liquidsFor the purpose of above subsection，liquids are not considered to sustain combustion if：*they have passed the suitable combustibility test（see United Nat
38、ions Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous GOODs）；or*their fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater than 100；or*they are miscible solutions with a water content of more than 90%，by mass1.According to this paragraph，flash point obtained from closed cup test is _ then that obtained from ope
39、n cup testA9 lowerB9 higherC4.6 lowerD4.6 higherC2.Liquids are not considered to sustain combustion if _Athey have not passed the suitable combustibility testBtheir fire point according to ISO 2592 is not greater than 100Cthey are miscible solutions with a water content of not more than 90%，by massD
40、their fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater than 100D3.Miscible solutions offered for transport at ambient temperature with a flashpoint of more than 35（95）and with a water content of more than 90，by mass，_Ais not included in Class 3Bis not mentioned in this paragraphCis included in Class 3Dwi
41、ll be considered to be included in other class of dangerous cargoesA4.The proper topic of this paragraph is _ANon Dangerous LiquidsBMost Liquids are not Included in Class 3CDefinition of Dangerous Cargoes of Class 3DLiquids and Their Physical PropertiesC8. Modern bulk carriers are normally designed
42、to carry a variety of cargoes in order to provide operational flexibilityFor cargoes such as coal or grain the ship would have all holds filled with the cargo（homogeneous loading condition）and be down to maximum draughtIf heavy cargoes，with a stowage rate of about one third of that for coal were to
43、be carried in the homogeneous condition each hold would only be about one third fullIn that condition the ship would have a large metacentric height and a low centre of gravity resulting in a very“stiff”shipModern bulk carriers，intended for the carriage of ore，are designed for the carriage of ore ca
44、rgoes in alternate holds and in larger ships only the odd numbered holds are loaded with oreThe advantages in this are that it is easier to achieve a satisfactory trim on the ship and a reduced time spent in portHowever，the disadvantages are that the alternate hold loading pattern greatly increases
45、the stresses in the double bottom structure and the shear forces in the side shellThe double bottom，hopper and topside tanks are arranged for the carriage of water ballast with the double bottom and hopper tanks often being inter-connected，by vertical trunks or pipes，with the topside tanks1.The homo
46、geneous loading condition refers to loading pattern that _Aall cargo holds are fully loaded to the maximum of both volume and weight capacitiesBeach hold would only be about one third fullConly the odd numbered holds are loadedDall cargo holds are loaded with cargoesD2. “Stiff”ship is the condition that _Ashe has a large metacentric heightBshe has a high centre of gravityCher metacenter above baseline is highDher centre of gravity is lowA3.The _ are not arranged
