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1、自学考试英语（一）课堂笔记汇总2015-43本课主要单词1. successful adj. 成功的He is a successful writer. (他是一个有成就的作家。)He hopes he will be successful this time. (他希望他这次能够成功。)success n. 成功Their film is a great success.(他们的影片很成功。)We are sure of success. (我们一定能成功。)succeed v. 成功I succeeded in getting the job. (我成功地得到了这份工作。)She succ
2、eeded in passing the exam. (她考试及格了。)2. adult adj. & n. 成年的，成熟的;成年人These adult films are not suitable for children.(这些*，儿童不宜观看。)Dont worry too much about him， he is an adult now.(别为他过分担心，他是成年人了。)3. disagree vi. 有分歧，不同意;不符，不一致agree vi. 同意I disagree with you about this.对于这件事，我跟你的意见不同。These figures disa
3、gree with last weeks results.(这些数据与上周的结果不符。)I agree with what you said. (我同意你所说的。)She agreed to the plan.(她赞成这个计划。)We havent agreed on the date of the meeting.(我们还没商定会议的日期。)agreement n. 同意;协议disagreement n. 不同意We havent reached an agreement yet.(我们还没达成协议。)There was no disagreement， and the proposal
4、was accepted.(没有不同意见，这个建议被接受了。)(请注意：前缀dis-通常可以加在动词，名词，形容词前面，构成反意词。例如：dissatisfy，disorder，disable. 后缀-ment加在动词的后面，构成名词。例如：arrangement，argument 等。)4. statement n. 声明，陈述 (由动词state 加名词后缀-ment构成)Very soon he made his first public statement about the affair. (他很快就此事件首次发表公开声明。)Do you believe the witnesss s
5、tatement? (你相信证人的陈述吗?)(请注意动词与名词的搭配：issue a statement， make a statement)5. guarantee n. & v. 保证，担保，保修He gave his guarantee that he would repay the money as soon as he could.(他保证他会尽快还钱。)The washing machine is guaranteed for five years.(这台洗衣机保用5年。)(请注意guarantee做动词的用法：guarantee sth.，guarantee that， guar
6、antee against / from )6. intelligent adj. 聪明的，明智的He made an intelligent decision.(他做出了明智的决定。)Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.(人类远比动物聪明。)Intelligence n. 聪明，智力She prided herself on her intelligence.(她为自己的聪明感到自豪。)Intelligently adv. 聪明地，明智地They dealt with the problem intelligently.(他
7、们明智地处理了这个问题。)7. conversely adv. 相反地Some are wealthy but unhappy; conversely， others are happy but not wealthy.(有的人富有但不快乐，相反，另一些人快乐但不富有。)converse adj. 相反的I hold the converse opinion.(我的观点相反。)converse v. 交谈，谈话He felt it difficult to converse with Helen in English.(他觉得跟海伦用英语交谈很困难。)8. similar adj. 相似的，类
8、似的The two animals are similar to each other in appearance.(这两只动物外表很相似。)similarity n. 相似，类似Their differences are more noticeable than their similarities.(他们的不同之处比相同之处更明显。)9. independent adj. 独立的，自主的(这个词的词根是depend，在depend的后面加上后缀 -ent可以构成形容词，加上 -ence则可以构成名词;在dependent，dependence前面加上前缀 in- 又可以构成反义词。)dep
9、end v. 依靠，依赖dependence n. 依靠，依赖dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的independence n. 独立，自主India won its independence in 1947.(印度于1947年赢得了独立。)10. clue n. 线索，提示The police searched all the houses but found no clues.(警察搜索了所有的房屋，但是没有发现任何线索。)11. conclusion n. 结论，推论conclude v. 断定，决定(注意用法：come to a conclusion，jump at a con
10、clusion，draw a conclusion，reach a conclusion)What conclusions did you come to?(你得出了什么结论?)12. communicate v. 交流，交际，通讯communication n. 交流，通讯communicative adj. 爱说话的To communicate with him is no easy job， as he is not a communicative person.(他是一个不爱说话的人，与他交流可不容易。)Speech and writing are mans most importan
11、t methods of communication.(说和写是人类最重要的交流方式。)13. inexact adj. 不正确的，不精确的与independent一样，该词是由形容词 exact加前缀in- 构成的。14. incomplete adj. 不完整的complete adj.& v. 完整的;完成This is an incomplete sentence， please add the omitted part and make it complete.这是一个不完整的句子，请加上省略的成分使其完整。I dont think I can complete the work i
12、n 2 hours. 我想我在两小时内干不完这活。15. purpose n. 目的，意图，用途purposeful adj. 有目的的，有意图的purposefully adv. 有目的地，蓄意地The purpose of the meeting was to discuss his proposal.会议的目的是讨论他的建议。He let out the information purposefully to you.他有意向你透露了这个消息。16. regularly adv. 经常地，定期地regular adj. 经常的，定期的irregular adj. 不规则的，无规律的If
13、you review your lessons regularly， you will do well on tests.如果你定期复习功课，就能在考试中取得好成绩。17. technique n. 技术，技巧，手艺Good study techniques help him to be one of the straight A students in his class.良好的学习技巧使他成为班上的全优生之一。18. outline v.& n. 概括;大纲，提纲;轮廓He listened carefully as I outlined my reasons.在我简述我的原因时，他认真地
14、听着。The English teacher asked us to write a brief outline of the story.英语老师让我们写这篇故事的概要。He saw the outline of the house in the moonlight.(在月光下，他看到了那座屋子的轮廓。)本课主要词缀1. 名词后缀 -mentagreement， statement2. 名词后缀 -ation， -ion， -sioncommunication， completion， conclusion3. 名词后缀 -itysimilarity， regularity4. 名词后缀 -
15、enceintelligence， independence5. 形容词后缀 -fulsuccessful， purposeful6. 副词后缀 -lyconversely， regularly， purposefully7. 反义词前缀 ininexact， incomplete， independent8. 反义词前缀 disdisagree， discover本课简介How to Be a Successful Language Learner 是一篇典型的说明文。此类文章通常以逻辑顺序安排材料，作者要回答HOW或WHY方面的问题。在说明文的阅读与写作中，要注意抓主题句以及使文章内容启承
16、转合的常用词句。本课中，作者从一句引言入手，先谈了人们对语言学习的看法，然后阐述了自己对学好语言的看法。文章条理十分清楚，对我们学写说明文很有帮助。本课语言点1. Learning a language is easy.这是一个 主语+动词+表语 (SVP)句型。句中learning a language为动名词短语，在句子中做主语。再如：Forgetting the past means betrayal.(忘记过去就意味着背叛。)请翻译下面的句子：1) 阅读英语比讲英语容易。 (Reading English is easier than speaking it.)2) 集邮是我弟弟的爱好
17、。(Collecting stamps is my little brothers hobby.)2. Even a child can do it.even在句中作副词用，加强语气，表示“甚至(也)，连(都)”。如：He even didnt trust his best friend.(他甚至不信任他最好的朋友。)请注意even与 even if / though的区别并翻译下面的句子：1) 这个我连听都没听过。(I havent even heard of it.)2) 即使花了数天时间复习，他也没能考好。(He didnt do well in the exam even though
18、 he spent days reviewing.)3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.句中who are learning a second language为定语从句，修饰先行词most adults，再如：The man who wrote this book is a teacher.(写这本书的人是一位教师。)请翻译下面的句子：1) 穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩是我们的班长。(The boy who is in a blue jacket is our mon
19、itor.)2) 你昨天借给我的那本书很有趣。(The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.)句中的would是助动词，表示“可能”，“(将)会”。例如：A picnic without you wouldnt be fun.(野餐没你参加会很没意思。)助动词would的用法很多，概括起来主要有如下几种：1) 表示过去将来时：I felt confident that everything would be all right.2) 表示意愿：I asked him not to do it， but he wouldnt l
20、isten to me.3) 表示习惯性：Every evening， we would go for a walk along the river.4) 表示虚拟，假设，条件：If you had come earlier， you would have seen him.5) 表示婉转地请求或建议：Would you look after my cat while I am away?4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every
21、 adult language learner.注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，阅读课本第六页注解2.请翻译下面的词组：1) 十个学生 ten students数十个学生 tens of students2) 五百年 five hundred years数百年 hundreds of years3) 两千年 two thousand years数千年 thousands of years4) 三百万美元 three million dollars数百万美元 millions of dollars5. Language learning is different from ot
22、her kinds of learning.句中be different from 意为“与不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.(我的观点与你的观点不同。)请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组：Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.The greatest d
23、ifference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language.从上面的句子中可以看出differ是动词，different 是形容词，difference是名词。6. find it difficult to succeed in language learning. find it difficult to succeed in other fields.句中的it是形式宾语(formal object)，真正的宾语(real object)是不定式to succeed i
24、n language learning，此类用法在英语中很常见，请注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(开始我感到记住这些单词很难。)请翻译下面的句子：1) 外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。(The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.)2) 他们觉得再争论下去是浪费时间。(They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.)3) 她认为把真相告诉小王是对
25、的。(She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.)7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.本句中注意掌握动词offer的用法，请看下面的例句：1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他给我端来一杯茶。)2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (对这些新教师你有什么建议要提吗?)3) This sh
26、op offers all kinds of stationery.(这家商店供应各种文具。)4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike.(那个老人向我出价100元买这辆旧自行车。)5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意帮我学英语。)句中的advice为不可数名词，其后不加s，正如课本第六页注解3所说，有许多东西在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却是不可数的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一个”这类概念，就必须加a piece of这类定语，例如：
27、a piece of newsa piece of advicea sum of moneya piece of bread15. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.不定式短语to learn to think in the language是句子的真正主语。it常常被用来代替不定式，在句子中充当形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后面去，这样使句子显得比较平稳。为了说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，便在不定式前加for引起的短语。
28、又如：1) It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem.2) It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time.more important than是形容词比较级形式，请翻译下面的句子：1) 汤姆的年龄比玛丽大。(Tom is older than Mary.)2) 这本书比那本书更有趣。(This book is more interesting than that one.)3) 我们班的学生人数比他们班的多。(There are more
29、students in our class than in theirs.)16. you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully.句中所用的时态为现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去的某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。又如：1) He has been working for a whole day.2) They have been watching TV for two hours.请翻译下面的句子：1) 老李已经在南京生活了二十年。(Lao Li has been livin
30、g in Nanjing for 20 years.)2) 雨下多久了?(How long has it been raining?)3) 我等了他一个多小时了。(I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.)17. if your language learning has been less than successful， you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.less than用在形容词的前面是为了给所要表述的内容增加否定意味。又如：It wo
31、uld be less than fair to put all the blame on him.(把所有的责任都加在他身上是不太公平的。)请翻译下面的句子：1) 父亲对他的成绩不太满意。(Father was less than satisfied with his performance.)2) 这个计划远不够完美。(The plan was a good deal less than perfect.)do well to do sth. 的意思是“最好做”，如：She would do well to go away from thesedishonest people.(她最好远离
32、这些不诚实的人。)本课主要词组1. disagree with 2. be different from3. succeed in 4. offer sth. to sb.5. as much as 6. practice doing sth.7. be similar to 8. first of all9. depend on 10. instead of11. wait for 12. look for13. learn from 14. communicate with15. be willing to 16. be interested in17. in order to 18. o
33、n the other hand19. less than 20. do well to do sth.Unit3(第7讲第10讲)Text A The Altoantic Ocean本课主要单词1. unwilling adj.不情愿的，不愿意的;勉强的Selfish as she is， she is unwilling to share anything with others.(她很自私，不愿意与他人分享任何东西。)He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead
34、.(尽管前面可能有许多困难，但他不愿意中途放弃。)They got some unwilling assistance from the local government.(地方政府勉强给了他们一些协助。)2. equator n.赤道Ecuador is near the equator.(厄瓜多尔靠近赤道。)People used to believe that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.(人们过去认为，在赤道处海水是滚烫的。)3. bulge n.不规则突起;鼓起之处;(突然)上涨，增多 v.使膨胀;塞满Between t
35、he bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place of the Atlantic Ocean. (大西洋的最狭窄处位于南美洲的突起处和非洲的突起处之间。)The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon.(图表显示龙年出生率的暴增。)His schoolbag was bulging with apples when he came back from his uncles orchard.(他从叔叔的果园回来时书包里
36、鼓鼓囊囊装满了苹果。)4. unusual adj. 少有的;不寻常的;与众不同的，独特的It was not unusual for him to work very late every night.(每天工作到深夜对他来说是很平常的事。)He has an unusual name.(他有一个不寻常的名字。)It is unusual to see snow in this region.(这个地区难得下雪。)This young man has an unusual talent for organization.(这个年轻人有非凡的组织才能)。5. salty adj. 咸的，含盐的
37、 salt n. 盐;风趣 v. 用盐调味;用盐腌;撒盐于道路上He didnt have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty.(他晚餐吃的不多，因为菜太咸了。)It might be a good idea to wash these in salty water.(把这些放在盐水里洗一洗也许是个好主意。)He added a bit more salt to the soup to make it tastier.(为了使汤的味道更好，他又加了一点盐。)His wit added salt to the discussion.(他的妙语
38、使讨论增添了风趣。)Have you salted the potato?(你往土豆里加了盐了吗?)It took them a long time to salt the main roads.(他们花了好长时间才在主要公路上撒上盐。)grind salt in sb.s wounds 在某人伤口上撒盐，使某人痛上加痛with a grain of salt半信半疑地Salt Lake City盐湖城(美国尤他州州府)salt mine盐矿 salt shaker(瓶盖上有细孔用于匀撒的)盐瓶salt spreader撒盐车a saltwater lake咸水湖saltwater fish海
39、产a salted egg咸蛋请注意：形容词salty是由名词 salt加形容词后缀 -y构成的。这样的形容词在英语中还有很多，如：windy，snowy，rainy，cloudy，sunny，funny，muddy，foggy6. average n. 平均数，平均 adj. 平均的;平常的，普通的 v. 平均The average of 5，7 and 9 is 7. (5，7，9的平均数是7.)He receives an average of 50 calls a day.(他平均每天接到50个电话。)Mr. Brown could hardly believe that his so
40、ns work at school is below the average.(布朗先生几乎无法相信他儿子的学习成绩低于一般水平。)The average temperature yesterday was below zero.(昨天的平均气温在零度以下。)He is an average student in his class.(他是班上的一般学生。)sound effect音响效果three-dimensional effect 立体感lighting effect灯光效果 cause and effect因果no effects无存款(银行在空头支票上的批语)be of no eff
41、ect无效bring sth. to effect实行，实施in effect实际上take effect见效;生效17. climate n. 气候The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction of dinosaurs.(气候的变化也许是恐龙灭绝的一个原因。)In cold climates， some of the livestock have to be kept indoors all winter.(在寒冷的气候区，一些牲畜得在室内一冬。)In the present economic clim
42、ate we can make greater achievement.(在目前的经济气候下，我们能够取得更大的成就。)weather n. 天气The football match had to be put off because of bad weather.(由于天气不好，足球比赛被推迟了。)Whats the weather like in Hangzhou? I hope it is not as hot there.(杭州的天气怎么样?希望那儿不那么热。)18. flow n. 流 v. 流动Heavy rains brought mud flows down the mount
43、ain. (暴雨把泥流冲下了山。)The doctor stopped the flow of blood. (医生把血止住了。)The river flows east into the sea. (这条河向东流入大海。)19. furnish v. 供应，提供;装备，(用家具)布置The school has decided to furnish the library with some new books.(学校决定给图书馆提供一些新书。)They furnished all the passengers with life jackets. (他们为所有的乘客提供救生衣。)She w
44、ants to furnish her new house with modern furniture.(她想用时新家具布置新家。)20. highway n. 公路; (水陆)交通干线The canal was the only highway for commerce.(这条远河是唯一的商业路线。)You can find many motels along the highways.(在高速公路沿线你会看到许多汽车旅馆。)21. float v.(使)漂浮Colorful flags are floating in the morning breeze.(彩旗在晨风中飘荡。)When w
45、inter comes yellow leaves float down.(冬天到来时，黄叶飘落。)It will be much easier for you to float the logs down the river.(你们把木材顺流下漂将会容易得多。)本课主要构词法Affixation(词缀法)1. 反意词前缀un- unusual，unwilling2. 形容词后缀-y salty3. 名词后缀-or sailorCompounding (合词法)1. 复合名词 highway，steamship，airplane2. 复合形容词 mid-Atlantic，eastward本课简介The Atlantic Ocean向读者介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出来的世界之最。本课主要语言点1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from
