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1、通信系统分析与仿真Analysis and Simulation of Communication System实 验 指 导 书Experiment Instruction王晓宁编沈阳大学信息工程学院School of Information Engineering, Shenyang University目录实验一 Matlab认识3Exp.1 Matlab Learning3实验二 数据流仿真8Exp.2 Data flow simulation8实验三 时间流仿真11Exp.3 Time flow simulation11实验四 通信系统设计仿真15Exp.4 Communicatio
2、n system design and simulation15附录：21MATLAB 程式设计与应用21SIMULINK的库模块26实验四设计说明书模板27课程编号：11215101 课程类别：专业选修课程适用层次：本科 适用专业：通信工程课程总学时：48 适用学期:第5学期 实验学时：20 开设实验项目数：5撰写人：王晓宁 审核人：王丹萍 教学院长：范立南course number：11215101 course type：professional courseapply to：undergraduate major：communication engineeringtotal perio
3、d：48 term: No. 5 experiment period：20 number of experiment projects:5writer：WangXiaoning verifier：WangDanpingDean of teching：WangHui 实验一 Matlab认识Exp.1 Matlab Learning一、实验目的与要求l 了解对Matlab软件的界面、使用方法、常用计算函数l 了解对Simulink环境认识的界面、使用方法、常用模块1. Experimental purpose and requirementsl Get to know the interface
4、 and basic operation of Matlab software and how to use normal functions/toolboxes etc.l Get to know the interface and basic operation of Simulnk functions and how to use normal models.二、实验类型设计型（4学时）2. Experimemts typeDesign(4 periods)三、实验原理及说明利用Matlab软件的help功能，设计常用信号的函数表示方法，加深对Matlab软件使用方法的掌握；并通过简单设
5、计对Simulink的仿真环境及常用信号和系统的产生、常用模块的使用方法有所了解。3. Experimental principle and instructionsDesign representing methods of normal signal by using help functions in Matlab software, makes students handle the usage of Matlab software; design simple signals and systems in Simulink environments to know better ab
6、out how to use normal modules.四、实验仪器序 号名 称主要用途1PC机为编程仿真提供硬件环境2Matlab软件（含Simulink及通信工具箱）为编程仿真提供软件平台4. Experiment instrumentsSerial numbernameMain applications1PCHardware environment of simulation2Matlab softwareSoftware environment of simulation五、实验内容和步骤实验内容：（一）Matlab软件认识1. 认识Matlab软件的界面2. 主要的数学函数指令：
7、sin（正弦）, cos（余弦）, tan（正切）, atan（反正切）, exp（指数）, log（对数）, sqrt（平方根）, abs（绝对值）, angle（相角）, conj（复共轭）, imag（复数虚部）, real（复数实部）等等实验步骤：1. 在实验之前仔细阅读附录中关于Matlab软件平台的基本介绍。2. 利用桌面的快捷图标或是从开始-程序-Matlab打开Matlab软件3. 在命令窗口定义时间变量t4. 将时间变量t代入数学函数指令中，为新变量赋值（如：“x=sin(t)”）5. 利用绘图指令将赋值的函数的图形绘制出来:对于连续时间函数，用plot指令（如：“plot(
8、t,x)”）;对于离散时间函数，用stem指令（如：“stem(t,x)”）6. 依次利用上面实验内容中提到的12种函数指令为新变量赋值，构成通信系统中的常见信号，并绘图、将所用的指令和得到的图像记录下来，完成实验报告（二）Simulink环境认识1. 认识Simulink环境认识的界面2. 认识Simulink模块库中的主要常用模块：常用系统模块：Derivative（时间微分）,Integrator（时间积分）,State-Space（状态空间系统）,Transfer Fcn（线性传输函数）,Transport Delay（输入延时）,Variable Transport Delay（输入
9、可变时间延时）,Zero-Pole（零极点传输函数）,Hit Crossing（检测交叉点）,Quantizer（量化）,Rate Limiter（限制输入信号的变化比率）,Relay（继电器）,Saturation（限制输出信号的范围）数学操作模块：Abs（产生输入信号的绝对值），Complex to Magnitude-Angle（计算一个复信号的幅度/相位），Complex to Real-Imag（计算一个复信号的实部/虚部）,Dot Product（产生点积）,Gain/Matrix Gain（将输入乘以一个常数）,Math Function（实现某个特定的数学函数）,MinMax（
10、产生输入信号的最大值或最小值）,Product（产生输入的积或商）,Sign（指示输入信号的符号）,Sum（计算输入的和或差）,Sin（实现某一特定的三角函数）实验步骤：1. 在实验之前仔细阅读附录中关于Matlab和Simulink软件环境的基本介绍。2. 利用桌面的快捷图标或是从开始-程序-Matlab打开Matlab软件，然后点击Simulink快捷按钮。3. 按“新建” 快捷按钮，建立一个新的模型文件。4. 依次用上面提到的模块搭建成模型，运行，并观看结果：5. 完成实验报告例1. 从Simulink模块库中的Source中选择Pulse Generator、Repeating Seq
11、uence、Sine Wave和Step几个信号源拖拽到新建的模型文件窗口中2. 从Simulink模块库中的Sink中选择示波器Scope拖拽到新建的模型文件窗口中，并复制3. 将Continouse中的Derivative（时间微分）拖拽到新建的模型文件窗口中4. 将以上模块用信号线连接起来（如下图），同时修改各个模块的参数5. 运行（点击快捷按键“”）6. 观察并记录结果7. 用常用系统模块和数学操作模块中的各个模块依次替换Derivative（时间微分）模块并重复以上各个步骤，观察并记录结果5. Experiment contents and stepsExperiment conte
12、nts：（1）get to know Matlab softwarei. Knowing the interface of Matlabii. Main math functions:sin(), cos(), tan(), atan(), exp(), log(),log10(), sqrt(), abs(), angle(), conj(), imag(), real(),etc.Experiment and steps：a) Read the introduction of Matlab in the appendix carefully before the experiment st
13、art. b) Start Matlab software form the shortcut icon on desktop or start-program- Matlab.c) Define time variable t in the command window.d) Introduce time variable t into different math function expressions，define new signal variable（e.g.：“x=sin(t)”）e) Draw signal curves by using appropriate functio
14、n.（e.g.：“plot()” for continuous functions; “stem()” for discrete functions;）f) Use 12 functions instructions mentioned former to define new variables, in order to form common communication system signals，then record the instructions you used and the result figures in the experiments，finish the repor
15、t.（2）get to know Simulinkiii. Be familiar to Simulink interfaceiv. Get to know normal modules in Simulink lib.:Derivative, Integrator, State-Space, Transfer Fcn, Transport Delay, Variable Transport Delay, Zero-Pole, Hit Crossing, Quantizer, Rate Limiter, Relay, SaturationAbs， Complex to Magnitude-An
16、gle， Complex to Real-Imag, Dot Product, Gain/Matrix Gain, Math Function, MinMax, Product, Sign, Sum ,SinExperiment and steps：a) Read the introduction of Matlab&Simulink in the appendix carefully before the experiment start.b) Start Matlab software form the shortcut icon on desktop or start-program-
17、Matlab, then click Simulink shortcut button or type “simulink” in the command window to run Simulink interface.c) Click “new” shortcut button to create a new “.mdl” file.d) Use modules mentioned former to build system models, run them and observe their results. Record main parameters.e) Finish the r
18、eport.e.g.A. Drag “Pulse Generator”、”Repeating Sequence”、”Sine Wave” and “Step signal” modules from “Simulink/Source” lib. into new “.mdl” file window.B. Drag “Scope” module from Simulink/Sink lib. into new “.mdl” file window and duplicate it.C. Drag “Derivative” module from Simulink/Continuous lib.
19、 into new “.mdl” file window. D. Link modules like figure shows below， then modify their parameters.E. Run the system（click“”）F. Observe and record the results.G. Alter the “Derivative” module with other normal system modules or math modules, repeat the operation process above, observe and record th
20、e results 六、实验数据处理与分析（1） 记录所设计的信号的变量定义以及信号绘制曲线（图形）（2） 与实际理论结果比较验证，并分析异同及原因。6. Experiment data recording, processing and analysis（1） Record all the variables defined in the design and the curves drawn in Matlab.（2） Compare the curves with theoretical curves, analysis the reason why there are differen
21、ces between them.七、注意事项（1） 在使用plot命令绘图时，要保证表示横纵轴坐标的数据长度要相等。（2） 在仿真运行之前要仔细检查各个模块的参数的设置，否则运行时可能会出现错误。（3） 仿真步长的设置：要保证仿真运行时的仿真步长所有模块中最小抽样时间的一半。7. Attentionsa) Data arrays of the horizontal and vertical coordinates should be the same when “plot” function is used to draw signal curves.b) Module parameters
22、 should be examined carefully before the simulation running in order to avoid error occurs.c) Set simulation step-length carefully: the simulation step-length minimum sample time/2.八、预习与思考题（1） 一般信号曲线的绘制应该注意什么？（2） 如果在同一个图形窗口中分别绘制多条曲线应该采用哪条指令？（3） 如果想在Matlab窗口下查询某一条指令的使用方法，应当使用哪条指令？（4） Simulink模块库有哪几个子
23、库？（5） 如果仿真步长设置得太大了会出现什么问题？8. Answer before & after experimentsa) What we should pay attention to when we draw signal curves in Matlab?d) What functions we may use to draw different signal curves in one figure window? e) What functions we may use to find the usage ways of some function in command win
24、dow? f) How many Simulation module lib.s in Simulink.g) What happens if the modulation step-length is too long?实验二 数据流仿真Exp.2 Data flow simulation一、实验目的与要求l 了解如何利用*.m文件实现数据流仿真l 了解用通信工具箱提供的常用函数实现通信系统仿真的方法1. Experimental purpose and requirementsl Get to know how to implement data flow simulation by us
25、ing *.m file.l Get to know how to implement communication system simulation by using the normal functions in communication toolbox.二、实验类型设计型（4学时）2. Experimemts typeDesign(4 periods)三、实验原理及说明数据流仿真主要是指在仿真过程中,仿真系统的初始状态和条件、中间状态以及结果输出均以数据块作为基本计算单位。仿真通信系统的信源信号是以整个数据块的形式送入系统的各个仿真环节（调制、发送、信道传输、接受、解调等等）并逐步计算
26、的。Matlab软件的*.m文件编辑器是数据流仿真的最佳工具，使用通信工具箱提供的函数仿真通信系统中的常用环节和*.m文件编辑器的各种调试工具可以实现事半功倍的高效编程仿真。3. Experimental principle and instructionsData flow simulation means to take data blocks as the basic compute units for simulation systems initial、middle status and conditions as well as the output results, which
27、means the source signal of the communication system has been sent into each part (such as modulation parts, sending parts, channel parts, receiving parts, demodulation parts and so on) of the simulation system as a whole data block.The *.m file editor is the best data flow simulation tools provided
28、by Matlab, it can double the simulation programming efficiency by offering many kinds of running tools and provided functions in communication toolbox for their normal parts simulation.四、实验仪器序 号名 称主要用途1PC机为编程仿真提供硬件环境2Matlab软件（含Simulink及通信工具箱）为编程仿真提供软件平台4. Experiment instrumentsSerial numbernameMain
29、applications1PCHardware environment of simulation2Matlab softwareSoftware environment of simulation五、实验内容和步骤实验内容用*.m文件编辑器设计一个简单的AM调制解调通信系统的数据流仿真过程。要求所仿真的通信系统要按照以下要求设计各个AM调制解调环节：（1）信源：确定信号（2）调制：载波信号取正弦信号，载波频率要在信源信号最高频率3倍以上（3）信道：AWGN（4）解调：载波信号取给与（2）中相同的正弦信号，同频同相（5）信宿：输出解调结果实验步骤（1）细化上述各个仿真环节所采用的具体方法或数学
30、表达式以及系统的初始状态（参数），并绘制仿真程序的流程图（2）打开*.m文件编辑器（3）按照流程图编写代码（4）调试（5）记录具体设计方案和参数，实验结果等（6）完成实验报告5. Experiment contents and stepsExperiment contents：Design a simple AM modem system, implement the design in data flow simulation way by using *.m file editor. All the parts of the communication system should simu
31、lated according to the follow requests:(1)source: determined signal(2)modulation: carrier should be sine signal which frequency should be greater than the maximum frequency of source signal(3)channel:AWGN(4)demodulation: carrier should be the same as in (2), not only same frequency, but also same ph
32、ase(5)sink：output the demodulation resultsExperiment and steps：a) Determine the functions, formulas and initial status (parameters) in all parts of the simulation system, then finish the flow chart. b) Open *.m file editor.c) Programming according to the flow chart.d) Debugging.e) Record the design
33、plan and parameters, as well as experiment resultsf) Finish the report.六、实验数据处理与分析1. 记录定义的仿真变量、参数以及仿真结果。2. 与实际理论结果比较验证，并分析不同的原因。6. Experiment data recording, processing and analysis（1） Record all the variables and parameters defined in the design and the simulation results.（2） Compare the results wi
34、th theoretical value, analysis the reason why there are differences between them.七、注意事项1. 在仿真运行之前要仔细检查各个模块的参数的设置，否则运行时可能会出现错误。2. 仿真步长的设置：要保证仿真运行时的仿真步长所有模块中最小抽样时间的一半。7. Attentionsa) Module parameters should be examined carefully before the simulation running in order to avoid error occurs.b) Set simu
35、lation step-length carefully: the simulation step-length minimum sample time/2.八、预习与思考题1. 你仿真的方法是否为蒙特卡洛方法？2. 你设计的调幅是以下哪一种调制方式？ADSB-SCB.USBC.LSBD.VSBE.AM with carrier3. 你在信道上叠加的噪声信噪比是多少？4. 你解调的方式是相干解调吗？8. Answer before & after experimentsa) Did you simulate the system by using Monte Carlo theory?b) W
36、hat MODEM functions did you designed in this experiment? Choose from below: ADSB-SCB.USBC.LSBD.VSBE. AM with carrierc) How much noise (NSR) did you add in the channel? d) Did you demodulate the signal by using coherent theory?实验三 时间流仿真Exp.3 Time flow simulation一、实验目的与要求l 了解如何利用*.mdl文件实现时间流仿真l 了解Simu
37、link提供的模块实现通信系统仿真的方法1. Experimental purpose and requirementsl Get to know how to implement time flow simulation by using *.mdl file.l Get to know how to implement communication system simulation by using the modules in Simulink lib.二、实验类型：设计型（4学时）2. Experimemts typeDesign(4 periods)三、实验原理时间流仿真主要是指在仿
38、真过程中设定步长后,仿真系统在每个时间点计算各个环节的状态值。仿真通信系统的信源信号以及其它各个仿真环节（调制、发送、信道传输、接受、解调等等）的信号均是按照步长从一个时间点计算到下一个时间点的。Matlab软件的Simulink是数据流仿真的最佳工具，使用其模块库提供的模块可以快速搭建仿真通信系统中的常用环节，并且可以仿真系统的实时运行状态。3. Experimental principle and instructionsTime flow simulation means to compute status values of all parts of the simulation sy
39、stem at each time point after the step-length is set. Which means signals of each parts of the communication system (including the source, modulation parts, sending parts, channel parts, receiving parts, demodulation parts and so on) are computed one time point to the next according to the simulatio
40、n step-length.Simulink is the best time flow simulation tools provided by Matlab, it can speed up the establishment of the simulation model parts by offering many kinds of modules in Simulink lib. and easily simulate real-time statuses of the system model.四、实验仪器序 号名 称主要用途1PC机为编程仿真提供硬件环境2Matlab软件（含Si
41、mulink及通信工具箱）为编程仿真提供软件平台4. Experiment instrumentsSerial numbernameMain applications1PCHardware environment of simulation2Matlab softwareSoftware environment of simulation五、实验内容和步骤实验内容用Simulink设计一个简单的AM调制解调通信系统的数据流仿真过程。要求所仿真的通信系统要按照以下要求设计各个AM调制解调环节：（1）信源：随机信号（2）调制：载波信号取正弦信号，载波频率要在信源信号最高频率3倍以上（3）信道：AW
42、GN（4）解调：载波信号取给与（2）中相同的正弦信号，同频同相（5）信宿：输出解调结果实验步骤（1）细化上述各个仿真环节所采用的具体方法或数学表达式以及系统的初始状态（参数），并绘制仿真程序的流程图（2）打开*.m文件编辑器（3）按照流程图编写代码（4）调试（5）记录具体设计方案和参数，实验结果等（6）完成实验报告例i. 在实验之前仔细阅读附录中关于Simulink通信工具箱的基本介绍。ii. 利用桌面的快捷图标或是从开始-程序-Matlab打开Matlab软件，然后点击Simulink快捷按钮iii. 在模块库中打开“Communication Blockset”通信工具箱模块库iv. 按“
43、新建” 快捷按钮，建立一个新的模型文件v. 打开Analog Mo/Dem模块库，选择上述调制方法中的至少六种调制解调方式（12个模块）依次用上面提到的模块搭建成如下图所示的模型，运行，观看结果，并将所有示波器的输出记录下来。（模块中的参数中，所有的载波频率设成100Hz，待传输的正弦信号频率设为1，仿真时间设为10秒，仿真时间步长设为0.001秒，其余参数请根据课上老师讲解内容设置。）vi. 记录结果，完成实验报告5. Experiment contents and stepsExperiment contents：Design a simple AM modem system, imple
44、ment the design in data flow simulation way by using Simulink. All the parts of the communication system should simulated according to the follow requests:(1)source: random signal(2)modulation: carrier should be sine signal which frequency should be greater than the maximum frequency of source signa
45、l(3)channel:AWGN(4)demodulation: carrier should be the same as in (2), not only same frequency, but also same phase(5)sink：output the demodulation resultsExperiment and steps：a) Determine the functions, formulas and initial status (parameters) in all parts of the simulation system, then finish the f
46、low chart. b) Open *.m file editor.c) Programming according to the flow chart.d) Debugging.e) Record the design plan and parameters, as well as experiment resultsf) Finish the report.六、实验数据处理与分析1. 记录定义的仿真变量、参数以及仿真结果。2. 与实际理论结果比较验证，并分析不同的原因。6. Experiment data recording, processing and analysis（1） Record all the variables and parameters defined in the design and the simulation results.（2） Compare the results with theoretical value, analysis the reason why there are differences between them.七、注意事项1. 在仿真运行之前要仔细检查各个模块的参数的设置，否则运行时可能会出现错误。2. 仿真步长的设置：要保证仿真运行时的仿真步长所有模块中最小抽样时间的一半。7
