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1、外文翻译原文：Discussion of related party transaction information disclosure normsAt present, the related party transactions of listed companies is widespread, many listed company has become an important part of business activities. In theory, related party transactions are neutral areas of the economy, ma
2、rket behavior is neither simple, nor black box trading. Its main role is to make full use of internal resources, lower transaction costs, improve operational efficiency and achieve the company goal of capital operation. However, because the purpose of related party transactions and forms the main bo
3、dy by the micro-economic control, so in practice, many listed companies, related party transactions not in the free competition under market conditions, but controlled by large shareholders. Particularly in the laws and regulations are not perfect, assessment and auditing role of intermediaries has
4、not been fully played, accounting practitioners are not high quality case, related party transactions even easier to become part of the adjustment of profits of listed companies, the means to evade tax . This resulted in varying degrees of distortion of accounting information and misleading investor
5、s investment decisions. First, the existence of related party transactions in question While certain related party transactions are conducted in public, but in many cases, related party transactions is not based on a fair and impartial, but to gloss over the partys financial position and operating r
6、esults, to achieve set a good corporate image, to appease the creditors, incentives of investors. Obviously unfair related party transactions, mainly the following aspects: 1. Adjustment of profits. The favorable transfer pricing and false sales to the inflated profits. If listed companies well belo
7、w the market price of raw materials purchased from related parties or stock merchandise on, he is far above the market price of the sale to related parties, the low prices, then the operating results of listed companies to gradually brilliant get up. profits through asset replacement regulation. Ass
8、ets between related parties, the performance in the form of unequal exchange: one related party to purchase quality assets at low prices to listed companies and listed companies or non-performing assets of unequal exchange; two non-performing assets of listed companies and related debt equal to the
9、related party stripped to reduce the financial costs, enhance profitability; three listed companies the market price much higher than the sale of bad assets to related parties in order to obtain significant disposal gains. 2. Shift the burden of debt and costs. Between related parties bear the debt
10、and costs, mainly in the following several forms: the other party to repay the debt; the other party to pay the purchase price; pay the other party; otherwise the other party to incur obligations and costs. 3. Transfer of funds. By listed companies are often higher or lower than the market price, se
11、lling goods to related parties or to provide services to achieve the purpose of transfer of funds. In addition, listed companies and financial exchanges between related parties and lending are quite common, although business lending to each other between the acts not permitted by the regulations, bu
12、t the related party transactions and the lending of funds between the two is difficult to strictly distinguish between , and the method was not responsible for the public.4. Reduce the tax burden. Reduce the tax burden through related party transactions, the main two things: First, the profits of pr
13、ofit-making enterprises will be transferred to the loss-making enterprises, to minimize the tax burden on the whole group; second is the use of different enterprises in different regions and tax incentives tax provisions of the difference , the profits to low tax or even more preferential tax polici
14、es related party. Second, the limitations of the relevant laws and regulations binding 1. Difficult to control the related party relationship between the behavior of non-associated. In order to truly reflect the economic substance of related party transactions, promulgated the sale of assets between
15、 related parties, such as the Provisional Regulations on Accounting Treatment. The central element is: listed companies and transactions between related parties, if there is no conclusive evidence that the transaction price is fair, on the obviously unfair trading price of parts, shall be allowed to
16、 be recognized as current period profit as a capital surplus shall be dealt with and This part of the difference may not be used to increase the capital, or make up the losses. As the Interim Provisions on non-related party transactions is not to regulate, resulting in a number of listed companies b
17、y various means, the association of non-related party relationship, so that the original revenue from related parties into from non-affiliated parties, to achieve the manipulation of profit purposes. In addition, listed companies will be non-association of related party relationships since then repl
18、acement of non-monetary assets, monetary transactions: the first non-correlation of related party relationship, then a non-monetary asset exchange transactions, as the two document monetary transaction processing, asset replacement soon had a business into a sale of assets and acquired assets of the
19、 two document-monetary transactions to evade the Accounting Standards for Enterprises - Non-monetary transactions constraints, to increase the companys profits with . 2. Relationship between related parties narrow the scope of the provisions. Enterprise Accounting Standards - related party relations
20、hips and transactions disclosed in, the not give a clear definition of related parties, gave only a standard to judge the relationship between related parties, namely: direct or indirect control, joint control or direct significant impact; two or more parties with the subjects control. But indirect
21、common control, significant indirect effects, with the under common control between two or more parties, not as a related party accounting standards; on the form is not in fact belong to the relationship between related parties, accounting standards only in principle requirements, but no specific re
22、quirements. Define the scope of related party relationships too narrow for the listed companies manipulated profits through related party transaction has left more space.3. Pricing policies on related party transaction disclosure requirements is too simple. Accounting Standards for Enterprises - rel
23、ated party relationships and transactions disclosure requires listed companies in the notes to financial statements, the related party transactions pricing policy as one element of their transactions to be disclosed. However, the scope of the pricing policy, to which pricing policies can be used, di
24、fferent pricing policies apply to which types of transactions, etc., not to make provision. Currently, listed companies to disclose the related party transaction pricing policies varied, such as the ex-factory price, price agreements, plans price, contract price, the wholesale price so the choice of
25、 pricing policies are also highly irregular, and did not explain the pricing basis, with non-associated party transactions are consistent pricing policies and the amount of Wen Ti the difference, the resulting public right, Accounting Standards - Related Party Relationships and Transactions disclosu
26、re disclosure requirement widely questioned. 4. Disclosure of information on irregular lack of effective monitoring. Currently, listed companies to disclose the actual related party relationships and transactions there are more problems: first, incomplete disclosure of related party relationships. N
27、ot many listed companies have a major impact on their companies or controlling shareholders to be disclosed as related party. Major individual investors, key management personnel and their close family members and other related parties, disclosed little. Second is the type of related party transacti
28、ons do not grasp the accurate disclosure is not sufficient. Between related parties such as the guarantee and mortgage as a contingent liability on the license agreement, and key management personnel compensation, transfer and other receivables, the basic non-disclosure. Disclosure of related party
29、transactions statement is too general, the current focus on disclosure of related party transactions form a large extent the disclosure, and its economic substance, the rationale behind, the production and operation of the parties to the transaction and the extent of current performance of the subst
30、ance did not make disclosure. Third, the disclosure of related party transactions ambiguous content, such as the type of transaction, the transaction elements of the disclosure, or understatement, or incomplete, so that users of financial statements can not be clear, accurate accounting information.
31、 4 is a fraud, in order to misconduct. All this, yet the lack of relevant rules and regulations to regulate and control. Third, disclosure of related party transactions on the normative Suggestions 1. Stock Exchanges regulatory role to play. Stock Exchange listed company to disclose the contents of
32、the related party transactions should have the power to examine, from the relevant laws and regulations to standardize the system. Establish government regulation, industry self-discipline and social supervision Trinity regulatory framework. Information disclosure in the securities market regulation
33、, in the same time improve the ability of government regulation. Government regulation should be established, industry self-discipline and social supervision Trinity regulatory framework.2. Establish and improve laws and regulations safeguarding the interests of small investors in the system. For re
34、lated party transactions due to the unfair result of shareholder interests are infringed upon, relevant laws and regulations should be appropriate provisions to protect victims, punish the aggressor. Should gradually establish a complete range of civil, criminal and administrative liability, includi
35、ng multi-level information disclosure regulatory regime, and gradually change the current excessive reliance on administrative control to regulate the securities market information disclosure practices. From the legislative point of view, to give small investors, certain special powers, such as in p
36、articular, small and medium investors to ask the court to reject the shareholder meeting, Board of Directors the powers of resolution.3. Expand the scope of related party relationships. Whether an association party relations, In addition to the accounting standards of the provisions, indirectcommon
37、control, under common control with both sides in or to be considered as associated with. International Accounting Standards No. 24 - the reveal of the related parties, the indirect joint control or significant influence indirectly, and with under common control between two or more parties, are consi
38、dered related parties. According to our current situation, this could be reference. 4. Increase disclosure of the contents of the related party transactions. Operating performance of listed companies have a significant impact related party transactions, in addition to existing disclosure requirement
39、s should be content, but also to disclose the extent of its influence; involving the transfer of assets, mutual funds, such as guarantees and collateral information, regardless of their the amount of size, should be fully disclosed; on the relationship between related parties has been discharged fro
40、m the original related parties, such as trade or financial dealings with its occurrence, it should be full disclosure. 5. Standard pricing policies related party transactions. Resources or obligations between related parties of the transfer price is the key to understand the related party transactio
41、ns. However, as Enterprise Accounting Standards - related party relationships and transactions disclosed in Related party transactions not provided pricing policy, which led to the pricing policies of listed companies to disclose highly irregular. In my opinion, can learn from the practice of intern
42、ational accounting standards, to make provision for this, such as the widely used internationally comparable uncontrolled price, resale price, cost plus profit price. 6. Study abroad and learn from the disclosure requirements of related party transactions. If some countries require listed companies
43、to disclose related party transactions outstanding amount of the settlement period and manner of senior staff or joint venture receivable and notes receivable, with joint ventures, directors and other related-party receivables, payables , director and CEO compensation and related party in the balanc
44、e sheet of the commitments. Some countries also require listed companies on the amount of related party transactions in large amounts in the balance sheet disclosure of transactions with related parties are disclosed in the income statement. These practices, we should learn from. 7. Increase disclos
45、ure of related party transactions violation penalties. For listed companies to manipulation related party transactions, accounting statements or to gloss over certain related party transactions it hidden, refused to disclose important information or distort the behavior of the appropriate punishment
46、 should be to develop rules and increase penalties. In addition, irregularities of listed companies, listed companies must not only punish, but also on the board of directors and related companies be held responsible in civil and criminal liability.Source: K.C. John Wei. Tunneling or propping: Evide
47、nce from connected transactions in China J.Journal of Accounting and Economics,2006(5):26-34.译文：浅谈关联方交易信息披露规范目前，上市公司的关联交易十分普遍，很多上市公司关联交易已成为企业活动的重要组成部分。从理论上讲，关联方交易是中立的经济，市场行为既不简单也不是“黑箱”交易。Its main role is to make full use of internal resources, lower transaction costs, improve operational efficiency
48、and achieve the company goal of capital operation.其主要作用是能充分利用内部资源，降低交易成本，提高运营效率，实现公司资本运作的目标。However, because the purpose of related party transactions and forms the main body by the micro-economic control, so in practice, many listed companies, related party transactions not in the free competition
49、under market conditions, but controlled by large shareholders.然而, 由于关联方交易由各种形式微观经济的主体构成。在实践中, 在自由竞争在市场状况的影响下，许多上市公司关联交易不是,而是受大股东控制。Particularly in the laws and regulations are not perfect, assessment and auditing role of intermediaries has not been fully played, accounting practitioners are not high quality case, related party transactions even easier to become part of the adjustment of profits of listed companies, the means to evade tax .特别是在法律法规不健全，评估和审计中介机构的作用没有得到充分发挥，会计从业人员素质不高的情况下，关联方交易更容易成为
