高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc

上传人:laozhun 文档编号:4227925 上传时间:2023-04-10 格式:DOC 页数:37 大小:77.50KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc_第1页
第1页 / 共37页
高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc_第2页
第2页 / 共37页
高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc_第3页
第3页 / 共37页
高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc_第4页
第4页 / 共37页
高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc_第5页
第5页 / 共37页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语教与学口诀大全.doc(37页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、高考英语短文改错口诀为了提高做短文改错题的能力,除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外,还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解,以便做到目标明确,有的放矢,从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度,用口诀的形式,向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。短文改错口诀:动词形,名词数;注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。一 动词形主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football

2、team. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。二 名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)三 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:Im sure well have a wonder

3、fully time together. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。四 非谓动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:in my spare time, but now I am interesting in fo

4、otball. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to)上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。五 习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如:It was

5、very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:They eager to know everything about China and (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital

6、of China. (which)第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。七 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) no way of setting the

7、 matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:She was

8、 smiling but nodding at me. (and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei - 高考英语短文改错口诀_江山依旧_新浪博客 Mountain

9、in Sichuan. As everyone knows,its famous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _and told stor

10、ies. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment m

11、y 85. _head touched the pillow.答案与简析:76. famous前加上a.(名词数)77. 正确78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)79. themus (逻辑错误须关注)80. visitingvisited(非谓动词细辨别)81. picturepictures(名词数)82. passespassed(动词形)83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)84. andbut(but,and,or和so)85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)改错要想拿高分语法口诀要记牢(一) 见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语见到名词想多

12、数,可不可数要记牢见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理带宾语必带to,不带宾语不带 to小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级(二)谓与非谓经常混谓语句中就一个其余动词非谓语常见形式有三种v-ing ,v-ed和to do主谓通常v-ing动宾通常v-ed现在分词表主动过去分词表被动目的要用不定式by前有过去分词相拥by后有动名词后抱介词后跟动名词时态基点要搞清现在还是过去时(三)规则是说谎 lie lied lied不规则是躺 lie lay lain躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid下蛋不规则高中英语阅读理解口诀读分精泛,

13、快慢相间;预想在先,生词不看;抓住观点,重点三看;行云流水,字里行间;材料观点,铭记心间;牢记问题,抓住关键;回问查看,比较选项;选择答案,排除在先;先易后难,不可弄反;调整节奏,计时答完;表达方式,必须牢记;防止遗忘,勤于动笔;边答边查,防止题落;节省时间,避免遗憾。英语单词记忆口诀来源:( - 英语单词记忆口诀_江山依旧_新浪博客 (1)记单词,要“五到”,眼嘴手脑齐开炮;读写背默各几遍,印象清晰记得牢。 (“五到”记忆法)(2)记过单词莫忘记,几天之后再看看;似忘非忘又温习,反反复复印心间。(循环记忆法)(3)单词多了别心烦,分片分组来攻占;五个一组先吃掉,几组连成一大片。(分组记忆法)

14、(4)结合词组句子记,有情有景有意义;重点段落须背诵,理解深刻有乐趣。(理解记忆法)(5)要想单词不写错,语音一关还得过;读音规律掌握好,拼写自然少差错。(语音记忆法)(6)分类归纳便于记,同类词汇放一起。(归纳记忆法)(7)同义近义反义词,辨析对比来记忆,比较对照才开窍,印象深刻记得牢。(对比记忆法)(8)单词长了容易忘,卡片纸条来帮忙;mathematics不好记,纸条贴到数学上。 (卡片记忆法)(9)构词法,要学习,前缀后缀有规律;转换常把词类变,合成本是二合一。(构词记忆法)(10)课外读物有情趣,单词复现便于记;只要坚持常阅读,一举几得大有益。 (阅读记忆法)高中英语介词用法记忆口诀

15、早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后,小处at大处in。有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、*、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。特定时日和一就,on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with,具有

16、、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。beyond超出、无、不能,against*着,对与反。besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。同类比较except,加for异类记心间。原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词under后接修、建中,of、fr

17、om物、化分。before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。since以来during间,since时态多变换。与之相比beside,除了last but one。复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面,有关介词须记全。in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。早、午、晚要用in例:in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the ev

18、ening 在晚上in the day 在白天at黎明、午、夜、点与分例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候at noon 在中午at night 在夜间at midnight 在午夜以上短语都不用冠词at six oclock 在6点钟at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半at half past eleven 在11点半at nine fifteen 在9点15分at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)five minutes after two 2点过5分at a quart

19、er to two 1点45分at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季节、周即在来年,在某月,在某年某月 (但在某年某月某日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。例;in 1986 在1986年in 1927 在1927年in April 在四月in March 在三月in December 1986 1986年12月in July l983 1983年7月in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周in the third week

20、 在第三周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。例:Dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。The poor d

21、ressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女in uniform 穿着制服in mourning 穿着丧服in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫来源:( - 高中英语介词用法记忆口诀_江山依旧_新浪博客 将来时态in.以后例: They will come

22、 back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。Ill come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。Well be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。Come and see me in two days time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)after. (从过去开始)小处at大处in例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Dont worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。I live in a great city (big c

23、ity), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。Im in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)Taking Tig

24、er Mountain by Strategy is a good opera. 是-出好戏。(无形)The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法-无形)I really cant express my idea in English freely in-deed我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)The kilometer is the

25、 biggest unit of length in the metric system公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in特征或状态:例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。They foun

26、d the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I

27、 only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。还有一些短语也用in,如:in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low

28、ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。方面:例:we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在

29、粮食方面已能自给。A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。方式:例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。如下成语惯用in例如: in all 总计in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place

30、适当地in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.希望in connection with 和有关in contact with 和联系in addition to 除.以外in case of 倘若,万一in conflict with 和.冲突in force 有效的,大批in depth 彻底地in regard to 关于in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近in retrospect 回顾,一想起in behalf of 代表.利益in the least 一点,丝毫in alarm 惊慌、担心in the opinion of 据见解in th

31、e long run 从长远说来in ones opinion 在看来in word 口头上in a word 总之in vain 无益地, 白白地in case 如果,万一,以防in detail 详细地in haste 急急忙忙地in conclusion 总之in spite of 尽管in other words. 换句话说in return 作为回报in the name of 以.名义be confident in 对.有信心be interested in 对.感兴趣in doubt 怀疑in love 恋爱中in debt 负债in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地in

32、hesitation 犹豫不决in wonder 在惊奇中in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)in a good humour 心情(情绪)好介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分。介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:1. AShe came at me. 她向我扑过来。BShe came to me. 她向我走过来。2AJake ran at John. 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。BJake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。3A. He ru

33、shed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。4AHe shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说5AI heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。BI heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。6A. She talked at you just now. 她刚

34、才还说你坏话呢。BShe talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.7AShe threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。BShe threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。8AHe presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。BHe presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日on February the thirteenth l

35、893 1893年2月13日on May the first 5月1日on the first 1号on the sixteenth 16号on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)on New Years Day 在元旦on my birthday 在我的生日但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times

36、 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用in,the present time 现在,at the present day当今则用at。on May Day 在五一节on winter day 在冬天on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日on Sunday 在星期天on Monday 在星期一on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午on Friday evening 星期五晚上但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上;

37、on time准时,in time及时,等则不同。年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in例: on the morning of 18th 18日早晨on the evening of 4th 4日晚上On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话。收音、农场,值日on例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio la

38、st night?您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。taIk over the radio 由无线电播音on TV 从电视里.hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。This is a farmers house on

39、 a farm. 这是农场的农舍。Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日?We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。关于、基础、*、著论例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。You are wrong on all these is

40、sues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(*)The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人*薪金生活。You cant afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month *月薪100元的收入,你是买不起奢侈品的。

41、Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷,专*损害别人过日子。Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。on后接the加上一个作名词的动词其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如:on the march在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the p

42、rowl徘徊,on the move活动中,on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语),on the go活跃,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒,on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship和on the Peoples Democratic Dictatorshipon Coalition Government 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准注:口诀中的着是指着火,罢指罢工,偷指偷偷地,公指出差、办公事;假指休假,准指准时。例:The house next

43、 to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事。Ive come here on business. 我是有公事来的。They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行

44、一项使命。They has been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。Ill go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告面别。She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。This lunch is on me.No. lets go

45、Dutch.这顿午饭我付钱。不,还是各付各的。On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,这事儿很容易理解。P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。注:in time是及时的意思。The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。特定时间和一就,左右on后动名词例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩。(特定时间)On entering the room, he found his friends dancing

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 办公文档 > 其他范文


备案号:宁ICP备20000045号-2

经营许可证:宁B2-20210002

宁公网安备 64010402000987号