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1、2014年高考英语试题分类汇编之语法填空 (完整解析版)1.【2014年全国新课标卷】第二节 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10 小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Are you facing a situation that looking impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 (be)imaginable that it could be ever be cleane
2、d up. The rive was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now year late, this rive is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.
3、Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such impossible si
4、tuation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately.While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience)【答案】61. was62. actually63. the
5、64. or65. to reduce66. cleaner67. that/ which68. amazing69. changes70. patient【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中论述了当人们遇到看起来不可能做的事情时应该怎样做呢？61. was【解析】根据上文提到的事发生在1969年，所以这里应该用过去式。62. actually【解析】这里应该用副词来修饰动词caught，actual(实际的)是形容词，所以要填副词actually。63. the【解析】这里one of + Cn.(pl)，表示“之一”；the most outstanding是最高级，用来修饰examples
6、，形容词的最高级与定冠词连用。64. or【解析】河流在几天或甚至几个月之后没有多大的改善，这里是两个时间短语表示选择关系，所以填or。65. to reduce【解析】减少工业污染即变成净水需要几年的工作时间。这里的句式是：It takes + some time + to do sth.做某事花某人多长时间，这里应该填动词不定式。66. cleaner【解析】现在河里的水比以前更清了。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里应该用比较级，所以填cleaner。67. that/ which【解析】也许你有一个能使你家人发疯的习惯。这里先行词是habit，指物用that或which来引导定语从句，
7、且在从句中作主语，不能省略。68. amazing【解析】这里应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词，amazing指令人吃惊的，amazed指人感到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的，故填amazing。69. changes【解析】对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少句子主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数形式，故填changes。70. patient【解析】需要的是耐心。patient(耐心)是名词，而空格前有系动词be，所以这里应该填的是形容词patient。2.【2014年全国新课标卷II】第二节 （共10 小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空
8、白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the wind
9、ow, so I had a good view of the sidewalk .A boy on a bike 65 (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 (stop ) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67 (ride). He was carrying somethin
10、g over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop , the boy ran up to the door of the bus . I heard an excited conversation .Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It is 69 (I)”. She pushed her
11、way to the driver and to the little boy. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done .And the passengers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another. 【答案】61. being62. and63. disappointed64. to65. caught66. to stop67. riding68. Did69. me/mine70. suddenly【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，记叙了作者在汽车上所见到的事情。
12、尽管车上的人很多，但是人们看起来很冷漠。后来作者发现一个男孩骑着自行车紧跟在汽车的后面，原来他是前来询问是否有人丢了包。他的善良 诚实感动了所有的人，人们之间也有了友好的交流，汽车上的气氛也变得和谐融洽了。61. being【解析】考查动名词。介词about后应该跟名词或动名词，故答案填being。62. and【解析】考查连词。根据内容可知前后是顺承关系，故用and。63. disappointed【解析】考查形容词。由前面可知人们感到失望，用-ed结尾形容词。64. to【解析】考查固定短语表达。固定短语 next to 意为“靠近，临近”，答案填to。65. caught【解析】考查动词
13、时态。 根据故事内容可知是讲述过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，填caught。66. to stop【解析】考查固定短语的表达。固定短语refuse to do sth意思是“拒绝做某事”，所以填to stop。67. riding【解析】考查固定短语的表达。固定短语keep doing sth意思是“一直做某事”。68. Did【解析】考查动词。此处是询问过去发生的事情应该用一般过去时，谓语是lose所以用助动词Did。69. me /mine【解析】考查代词。从语境判断此处是做表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，填me或mine。70. suddenly【解析】考查副词。此处是修饰动
14、词，所以应该用副词做状语，填suddenly。3.【2014年上海卷】II. Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
15、blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A) My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)_ I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26)_(earn) some money to pay the dail
16、y expenses, I started work in a local caf as a waiter. I believed that (27)_ _ _ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28)_ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with
17、 much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29)_ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30)_ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mi
18、nd. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31)_(adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small
19、town. Not until I returned (32)_ I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案】25. where26. To earn27. as soon as / as long as28. exhausted 29. if30. what31. adapting 32. did文章大意：文章介绍作者大学毕业后为了有机会找到更好的工作。到了纽约，临时在一个咖啡店做服务员，但是一直都没有再找到适合的工作，生活的压力使他疲惫，最终回到原来的小镇，发现这才是最适合自己的。25. where【解析】我决定到纽约，
20、在那里我可能会有机会找到更好的工作。这里使用定语从句，先行词是New York,定语从句中缺少地点状语，用where 引导定语从句。26. To earn【解析】为了挣钱付日常开销，我开始在当地咖啡店做服务员。这里用不定式做目的状语，填To earn。27. as soon as/ as long as【解析】我相信只要我被提供一个好的职位，我就立刻辞职。考查连词：“只要，一旦”填“as soon as/ as long as”。28. exhausted【解析】过了一段时间，高生活成本在我已经疲惫的肩膀成了一个负担。考查形容词“疲惫的”：exhausted。29. if【解析】妈妈说过，若我
21、想有个更好的事业进步，我就得到城市里找工作。填连词“如果”：if。30. what【解析】妈妈说的话深深的扎根到我的思想中了。What引导的是主语从句。31. adapting【解析】很显然我适应城市的生活有困难。这里使用了have difficulty in doing sth，所以填动名词：adapting。32. did【解析】直到我回来我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。Not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。用助动词did提到主语前面。(B) The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers h
22、ave long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the countrys first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a
23、 pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is (33)_electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)_ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his inventio
24、n, (35)_ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said: “I had this idea a few years ago but I couldnt find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)_. The result is what
25、 amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term automatic shop is far (37)_ (appropriate)” In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)_ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)_ (ur
26、ge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)_those villages without a local shop.【答案】3
27、3. an34. is equipped35. which36. myself 37. more appropriate38. has forced39. urging40. to文章大意：一个电力工程师花了两年半的时间从事的项目，在没有商店的村子安装自动售货机，想给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的方法。33. an【解析】一个电力工程师花了两年半的时间从事这个项目。这里考查冠词，泛指“一个电力工程师，用不定冠词，electrical是元音开头的单词，所以用an。34. is equipped【解析】这个机器配备有安全摄像机和警报。考查词组“配备有”be equipped with ,因为主语是单
28、数，所以用 is equipped。35. which【解析】这句话用了非限制性定语从句，先行词是invention，定语从句中缺少主语用which引导定语从句。36. myself【解析】根据上文的句子：可知没有生产商愿意将他的想法生产出来，所以他就自己做了。考查词组by oneself“独自”，填myself。37. more appropriate【解析】我想用“自动商店”这个名字更合适。Far后面接形容词的比较级：more appropriate。38. has forced【解析】近几年，来自超市连锁店的压力已经迫使乡村商店关门，实际上recent years，和现在完成时连用，因为
29、主语是pressure所以谓语是单数：has forced。39. urging【解析】估计有400家乡村商店关闭了，强烈要求政府提供经济支持给这些濒临倒闭的商店或是建立新的社区商店。这里用现在分词做状语：urging。40. to【解析】Fox先生希望这个新的发明给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的方法。使用词组offer sth to sb.所以填to。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note th
30、at there is one word more than you need.A. alert B. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderationI. relieveJ. signalsK. simplyLets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 41 at the superm
31、arket. Since you really 42 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help 43 some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example
32、, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket- including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled upis a choice architect.Governments dont have to 44 healthier lifestyles through lawsfor example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a c
33、hoice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with 45 hints from choice architects,
34、who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called traffic light system to 46 foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 47 by looking a
35、t the lights on the package. A green light 48 that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be 49 ; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in 50 . The customer is given important health informati
36、on, but is still free to decide what to choose.【答案】4145: GCIFE4650: BKJAH文章大意：文章介绍人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间计划，这里介绍了两种方法，一种是“choice architect”，还有一种是“交通灯系统”。41. G【解析】你没有时间仔细计划菜单和阅读超市的食品标签。这里需要名词“标签”labels，所以选G。42. C【解析】既然你真正的想致力于健康的生活方式，一点点小的帮助都是很方便的。考查词组“commit oneself to sth.致力于，所以选C。43. I【解析】这里有一个“ch
37、oice architect”可以帮助你缓解自己做这件事的负担。这里需要动词“减轻”relieve。所以选I。44. F【解析】政府不会通过法律强加健康生活方式，这需动词“强加”impose，故选F。45. E【解析】根据上文的gently可知这个想法是将自由的选择和choice architect 的温柔的gentle暗示结合起来，选E。46. B【解析】英国和瑞典政府已经介绍了所谓的“交通灯系统”来将食物分类为健康或不健康。这里使用动词“分类”classify，所以选B。47. K【解析】消费者通过简单的看看包装上的灯就可以看见产品包含的脂肪糖和盐，这里需要副词simply简单地，所以选K
38、。48. J【解析】绿色的灯表示这三种营养的含量是健康的。这里需要动词“发信号，表示”signal，所以选J。49. A【解析】黄灯表示消费者应该警觉了。这里使用形容词“警觉的”alert，故选A。50. H【解析】红灯表示这些食物至少有一种营养是含量很高的，所以应该被适当的食用。考查名词“适度”moderation，所以选H。4.【2014年江苏卷】第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。The expression, “everybo
39、dys doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are socia
40、l creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct(天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peoples lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one
41、 way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.Fo
42、r certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Ma
43、ture adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”However, peer pressure is not always negative
44、. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.
45、 Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe
46、 are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.【答案】71. feeling72. influences 73. practical74. unconsciously75. individuals 76. moral77. spirit 78. habits79. independent 80. no【文章大意】文章说明了我们在生活中都受到同辈压力的影响。然而同辈压力的影响有积极的，也有消极的。71.
47、 feeling【解析】词义归纳。根据文章第一段对“同辈压力”这一概念的解释可以归纳出the strong feeling强力的感觉。此题概括有难度。72. influences【解析】原词再现。由首段中Itis a strong influence of a group,especially of children, on members of that group to behave aseverybodyelse does.注意用第三人称单数。73. practical【解析】原词再现。根据第二段中的There is a practical aspect to this:it helps
48、 society to function efficiently,and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.可以归纳出答案。74. unconsciously【解析】词义归纳。根据第二段中讲述人生来是具有社会性动物，周围的人将无意识的影响一个人的生活。75. individuals【解析】原词再现。根据文中第三段中For certain individuals,seeking social acceptance is so important thatitbecomes l
