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1、阅读表达题是自2007年开始山东省高考试题中增加的一种新的测试题型，要求考生在阅读所给短文，然后按照题目要求回答文后的五个问题，每个问题3分，总分15分。该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。阅读表达题的解题方法与技巧 1、主旨概括：主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段
2、落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的main idea。2、同义句替换：只有准确理解所给句子的意义，才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等；然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。4、翻译句子：在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结
3、构，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的wh-questions。6、开放性问题：开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。比如设计图表题，推理判断题等。下面通过2007山东卷的阅读表达实例对各种类型问题的答题技巧一一说明。 An American
4、 friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasnt important enough to
5、 have his private number, the communication couldnt be that important, my friend is now even more senior in the same company so the strategy must work. Almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, its onl
6、y because we havent developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. _. Firstly, you junk nothing with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or from any address you dont recognize or feel confident about. Secondly, e-mails dont all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is s
7、o easy, theres a tendency forcorrespondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesnt have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail pals wh
8、o send long,chatty e-mail, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. The charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marat
9、hon e-mail with a better reply. 76Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails _77Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words ) _78What advice is given in
10、the last paragraph? (within 10 words) _79For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words) _80Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. _答案与解析：76. 答案：If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate disc
11、rimination in dealing with it.解析：该题为同意句替换题，细读所给句子，不难得出其意义“这些令人恼火的情况之所以存在，是因为我们没有对电子邮件进行分类的能力”。然后对照原文，就很容易找到其同意句了。77. 答案：E-mail(s) can be handled in the following ways. / Here are the ways to deal with e-mail(s). / handling e-mail(s) is an art. 解析：该题为填空题。做该类题目首先要根据上下文搞清楚所填内容是句子还是短语或单词。从该题要求来看我们可以知道此处
12、要填入合适的句子。联系上下文可知，下文所列三条都是处理电子邮件的方法，那就不难知道，此处所填句子内容应该是一个概括性较强的topic sentence，这样我们就不难知道该填什么内容了。78. 答案：You may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ You dont have to write a long reply e-mail. 解析：该题为封闭性问题，要求答出最后一段所给的建议。做这种类型的题目时，首先要读懂该段要告诉读者的是什么信息，然后根据要求进行总结，因为有字数限制，所以答题时要特别注意如何用词和如何组织语言。从最后一段的第一句我们就可以知道这条建
13、议是告诉读者“在回复e-mail时，不必和对方来信的长度一样”。其实这句话就是该问题的答案，但是由于有字数限定，我们就必须改变一下说法，使答案的字数控制在10个单词以内，这样就可以避免学生照抄原文，从而达到考察学生灵活运用语言能力的目的。79. 答案：To show a way of handling e-mail(s) with an example. / To introduce the topic of the text. 解析：该题属于其他类型的题目，要求考生写出作者在第一段中提到他美国朋友的写作意图。纵观全文不难知道，该短文的主旨是向读者介绍处理电子邮件的方法。而作者在第一段引用他美
14、国朋友处理邮件的方法做为例子，目的正是为了揭示文章主题。80. 答案：用简短的话回复冗长的邮件完全不失礼节。/ 用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。解析：该题为句子翻译题。做该题时应先分析句子成分，搞清每个意群的含义，然后结合上下文以及文章的中心思想，调整成符合汉语表达习惯的通顺的汉语句子。翻译该句，关键是搞清处两个短语的含义，一个是within the bound of (在范围内), 另一个是in responding to (作答，回复)。本人教学中搜集并整理了300多篇山东高考题型的阅读表达题, 现挑选出50篇供大家欣赏, 如有需要请发邮件到wzm5607和我联系。 01If
15、you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you dont feel refreshed, but tired and w
16、orn out and unable to face a new day.Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good nights sleep,” he adds, “we can ofte
17、n find the energy to deal with whats worrying us.”So, what is a good nights sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours in about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of
18、making you feel more refreshed.Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should h
19、elp you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and youll
20、 be asleep before you know it.”1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? People shouldnt go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.3. Please fill in the blank i
21、n the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)4. Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. (Please answer within 30 words) 5. Translate the underlined sente
22、nce in the first paragraph into Chinese. 1. Sleep and Your Life / Stress and Sleep /Sleep is Important2. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed.3. stress / worry and (lack of ) sleep are directly related.4. Seven hours is about t
23、he average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.5. 当你醒来时，你不但没有感到精力充沛（旺盛），反而疲惫不堪，难以面对新的一天。 02You might be reading this article and saying, “Hey, that sounds just like me!” If so, were glad you recognize that this happens
24、 to you. Now you can start taking steps to lessen your test anxiety. Here are some ways to do that:Ask for help. Talk to your mom or dad, your teacher, or your school guidance counselor. Just talking to someone about test anxiety can make you feel better .Describe what happens to you when youre taki
25、ng a test and these people can help you figure out some solutions. For instance, learning study skills can boost your test day confidence.Be prepared. Pay attention in class. Do your homework. Study for the test. On test day, youre more likely to feel like you know the material.Block bad thoughts. W
26、atch out for any negative messages you might be sending yourself about the test (“Im no good at taking tests” or “Im going to freak our if I get a bad grade”) .These thoughts can make anxiety worse and make it harder for you to do well on the test. .Everyone makes mistakes .Be more forgiving of your
27、 own mistakes, especially if you prepared for the test and are set to do your best.Breathe better. OK, so you already know how to breathe .But did you know that breathing exercises can help calm you down? (Just try not to take in too much air because it might make you feel dizzy.) Heres how to do it
28、: Inhale (breathe in) slowly and deeply through your nose, and then exhale (breathe out ) slowly through your mouth. Do this two to four times and you just might breathe easier the next time youre taking a test!1. What is the best title of the passage ? (Please answer within 10 words) 2. Which sente
29、nce in the passage can be replaced by the following one? Having too many negative messages in mind leads to worse test anxiety, which may stop you doing well on the test.3. Please fill in the blank in the last but one paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer wi
30、thin 10 words)4. Which of the tips do you think is the most useful?(Please answer within 30 words)5. Translate the underlined sentence in the 6th paragraph into Chinese. 1. How to Lessen/Reduce Test Anxiety OR: Steps/Ways to Lessen/Reduce Test AnxietyOR: Tips on Lessening/Reducing Test Anxiety 2. Th
31、ese thoughts can make anxiety worse and make it harder for you to do well on the test.3. Accept mistakes OR: Be tolerant/forgiving of your mistakes4. (Open question) One possible answer: I think the first .When I talk to my parents or teachers about test anxiety ,they often offer some solutions, whi
32、ch makes me feel much better.5. 下次考试时这样做两到四次，你就会感到呼吸顺畅多了。03These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”, Ta
33、ryn Holowka of the U.S. Green Building Council in Washington, D.C., said . According to Holowaka, building account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use.But green building can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subwa
34、ys, _. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings dont destroy forests .Mary Dettling is project manger for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been cal
35、led the countrys first green high-rise building. According to Dettling, “Were reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent,”.The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use th
36、e sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water reusing it . Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowaka said, “Its going to be big.” 1. What is the best ti
37、tle of the passage ? (please answer within 10 words) _2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one ? Green building will become popular in future . _3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence .( Please answer wit
38、hin in 10 words .) _4. Do you think a green building is better than a common building ? Why? (Please answer within 30 words .) _5.Translate the underline sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese. _1. Green building helps save environment.2. Its going to be big.3. so that people can drive their
39、cars less.4. I like a green building better because it can save a lot of energy such as electricity as well as water, though it will cost more money.5. 绿色环抱的房子经常建在已经开发的地区，因此他们不会破坏森林。04For most Americans, a clean glass of water is just a matter of turning on a faucet（水龙头. But for many of the worlds p
40、oorest, its hard to get .On Wednesday, the United Nations(UN)marked World Water Day by trying to cut the number of people without good drinking water-one billion human beings worldwide-in half. In the next ten years ,the UN will work with governments around the world to reduce the shortage.Without c
41、lean water nearby, many people use water .In India, many people bathe and wash their clothes in rivers that are polluted by human waste.According to the UN, not having enough clean water and sanitation causes more than three million deaths a year.“The links between water and human heath are powerful
42、,” said Dr Lee Jong Wook, director-general of the World Health Organization(WHO). “We cannot live without clean water.”In fact, the International Federation of the Red Cross said that quick reaction after last years Asian tsunami(海啸)had stopped disease. The agency provided clean water to nearly 500,
43、000 people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka after the tsunami.World Water Day was first celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is celebrated each year on March 22.1. What is the best title of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by this one?The quality of the water is closely connected with human health. 3. What did the International Federation of the Red Cross do after the tsunami? And why? 4. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. 5. Translate the first paragraph into Chinese.
