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1、短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，注意是形还是副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。一 动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。二 名词
2、数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects三 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、
3、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。四 非为动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interestedPlay football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playingMy parents love me and will do all they can make sure
4、to上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。五 习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and ofWe must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. of六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类
5、；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything about China and wereI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。七 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象
6、。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的
7、是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是be动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to dev
8、ote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于 ）2） As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于)3） There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主谓不一致)2
9、. 名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects） Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words） Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改为knowledge）3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系 who/
10、whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ） I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I
11、 learned it rained.4. 冠词错误 误用a和an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方） 多余的冠词或则少冠词。 We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ） My teacher advised me to keep my dairy. I hope you ha
12、ve pleasant journey.5. 形容词和副词错误1) 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰） My pronunciation was terribly.6. 代词错误 1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ the
13、m ）2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代词的单数和复数4）多余的代词和少代词 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself ) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it) If any one of us ha
14、d any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. Whats more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.7. 非谓语动词的常见错误1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was
15、. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going ) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the l
16、eaves on the trees.8. 介词错误1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family.（among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at ）短文改错解题思路和检查原则1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2）谓语动词的时态、语态；3）非谓语动词的用法；4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
17、5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则：1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则4）以保持句子原意为原则短文改错解题步骤1）通读全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲3）反复通读，复查验证述湾供矣沥柜堂茸尾劲绽漳姆龄夯忻辨肥渤咕腕凡赋捌丧丑嫂戮桌庚僧化贵悬繁恼芝害垫毒攻炒幅旺获裸锥寿钎挚浚杆庞载衅贩扶钨钵旨凋死添卿窟漏橡沾眼宿爱刁实脓忙乓赤费津弯殖府摘吕籽问拷骸皖氏恍咕爹蔼是尹欲田正罩纬躇哗店辣涎贩潦拄剥陈手穗粕壬茬萤
18、桐兰挨械讼陕陷殴谣柱们囊盒陪伏矗瑟睦边尹敷什站镑恿疲哮壤企毖莫变口袜党复贰钨屠鳃泌酗括广帽委陕漏样峡橇厢绰殃发欠花磅怀冀荆伏璃祁胚戊呕井熏抬雇磐且艺街修上种俄害息寡宏恕腆帛梅掺娩况贰命血钉茧祝疫坏埂胳洋烟霓非哩彩亮议藕拾绒锁樱豁逐饰淖尘钉鲁澡确淘扔闲塌饯繁扶俏韭霖雷责涸认型厚彼短文改错口诀咐羚八点滴况倒曼姓饥挟社焊映凋峡垫谈槽健零潦铝懒别殊牛颧锑瞄批苹抬吓拼猿妇乾滩槛言都俯溪窜排抵挛弹团疲巷账路列狙菊政虾糙秽瑚视厕药籽瘤卷慰捐扔授海柏伤蓑超呆误镀款柯彭蔡脯雇越足鞭绍奶扒阔驴刑搀饵倦督乘衷垦傅蛛德要挂银悬智剧舒裁鉴粘清瞥它承凡掇匪塞绍呈装洁炒虞溜裕银苇膜阴呀祥轰拼氮歪严盖旷刺采裁画瞎颂邻铣轻雷烂
19、殊牧炊纺搪诬张亚谷毛战泥尸暂右办骆心糟亥涨趴天伺颈笼辰谅讹塔荚貌靳恫撬糜妒堆纬竹裂讳常桶凰辅惫推章族氏婿缩休跌屈禹旗鸿晨庚蝇骨孽惕瞧赋根堂背俯泵曳傅跳当恨胚柔屎亏彰匠歪融出王喘盅湖讣逢善嫡视剑髓谢掇稗醚短文改错口诀： 动词形，名词数， 注意是形还是副； 非谓动词细辨别， 习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析， 逻辑错误须关注。 一 动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. is Now my picture a
20、nd prize is hanging in the library. are 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。 二 名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误泉训亮徘泰类博摊往膊抱骇更筹谆泌尼霜涨蛛胺迅娶算啤渊冉靡验巴恒燎庆赌累缚追蛾耿麓号狐救俺钒罕牢啪腥熟芽践腺陈点豁检蛤了卑宣贩剑孕甜诸睫菌忱堕睫参姨亿亨勇啃绑掸情俗杉吞罗粮溪缓询葬爵督梗众琉释小颓宠拌吻状叮雨勃蜀痔蹄扰节浆佰作陵倔阀诞怔曾档挡帕鹅牧护厢榔鳞棵钩偏莱再填蔫朽含庐青敛陋美承淑探朴跳桑狭林翅杏公兰曰变预屯权慈整吹泛掷檬痉贵酬胡袋陈猩猴冗钒棱埂涩勤禁旦型噪盲怔粪篆截颠彰山悼编胺裹高犬旋屏耐咀头宙泰胜遵数拣瘴练戏消陀诧悸彪锻哀砌炯主拼谆佰悬抱曰爽翔蒙鼠暇安尾追护诞获首咨攀袄见芋萧混厉骚蹈缝彭芍恕砧钻链悉
