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1、完形填空微技能导练 第一部分 显性关联导练 显性关联，其实也就是通常所说的词语复现，是指某一个词以原词或其同根词（如：protect与protection），以及它的同近义词（如：foolish与stupid）、上义词或是下义词（如：coat是clothes的下义词，而clothes是coat的上义词）在文中不断地反复出现的现象。它包括原词复现、近义复现和上下义复现。 热身练习 一、按要求写词 按照括号内的要求写出正确的单词形式。 1. protect（名词） _ 2. comfort（形容词） _ 3. possible （名词） _ 4. danger （形容词） _ 5. lazy （名
2、词） _ 6. succeed （名词） _ 7. responsibility （形容词）_ 8. lonely （名词） _ 9. explain （名词） _ 10. benefit （形容词） _ 11. begin （同义词） _ 12. foolish （同义词） _ 13. scared （同义词） _ 14. conference （同义词） _ 15. mend （同义词） _ 16. chance （同义词） _ 17. success （反义词） _ 18. pressure （同义词） _ 19. dark （反义词） _ 20. exhausted （同义词） _ 参
3、考答案： 1. protection 2. comfortable 3. possibility 4. dangerous 5. laziness 6. success 7. responsible 8. loneliness 9. explanation 10. beneficial 11. start 12. stupid / silly 13. afraid/frightened 14. meeting 15. fix / repair 16. opportunity 17. failure 18. stress 19. bright 20. tired 二、写上下义词 仿照例子写出上义
4、词或下义词。 例：furniture： table， chair， desk， sofa， . 1. _：nose，eye，ear，_，_. 2. _：badminton， running， diving， _. 3. fruit： _，pear， _， _， _. 4. _： chair， table， _， _. 5. book：_， _， _， _. 6. _：cabbage， _， _， _. 7. clothes：_， _， _， _. 8. _： bread， milk， _ _， _. 9. animal：_， _， pig， _， _. 10. _： China，Canada，
5、 _， _. 参考答案： 1. organ： face， head， mouth， head， heart， leg， arm， foot， chest， cheek， back， tooth. 2. sports： swimming， skating， climbing， skiing， hiking， shooting， table tennis. 3. fruit： apple， banana， berry， peach， grape， orange， pineapple， mango， pear. 4. furniture： chair， table， desk， sofa， cupb
6、oard， bed， shelf. 5. book： novel， magazine， newspaper， thriller， story-book， comic book. 6. vegetable： eggplant， potato， tomato， cabbage， cucumber， pepper， pumpkin. 7. clothes：shoe， shirt， coat， dress， sock， stocking， glove， scarf， skirt， trousers. 8. food： sandwich， cake， porridge， rice， noodle， po
7、rk， beef， mutton， bread. 9. animal： cat， dog， cow， camel， monkey， panda， tiger， horse， bear， sheep， bee. 10. country： Russia， Japan， America， France， Germany， Holland， Australia， Finland. 解题方法 解答完形填空的时候，我们要瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，先找出句中的线索词，看选项中哪个答案与之相呼应，然后能辨别出你是根据哪种类型的词语复现来解题的。 请分析以下例题，找出每句话的线索词并说出每句话是根据什么复现解题的。
8、1. Last week， we donated a great many things， such as food， clothes and books， to the homeless children， who were very thankful for our _. A. progress B. donation C. behavior D. efforts 解析：由donated可知，那些无家可归的小孩感激我们的“捐赠”，故选B，根据原词复现解题。 2. She usually helps mom with the housework on weekends and mom pra
9、ises her for her _. A. assistance B. activity C. decision D. choice 解析：由help可知，妈妈表扬她的“帮助/协助”，故选A，用近义（同义）复现解题。 3. The _ of fever include high temperature， running nose and maybe a sore throat. A. symptoms B. signs C. marks D. looks 解析：纵观句意，选项中的symptoms包括high temperature， running nose and maybe a sore
10、 throat，因此选A。根据上下义复现解题。其中，symptoms是上义词，high temperature， running nose和sore throat是下义词。 强化练习 请同学们把上述所学到的词语的显性关联策略完成以下的练习，并说出你解题时具体用到哪种复现。 1. He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _，he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 2. Th
11、e old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words，he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working 3. A stranger appeared at the party without being invited and his sudden and unexpected _ surprised all the guests present. A. invitation B. crowd C.
12、appearance D. condition 4. Our head teacher is able to solve various problems and we all respect and admire him greatly for his _. A. effects B. expectation C. consideration D. abilities 5. I dont permit anyone to enter my bedroom. In other words， nobody can come into my bedroom without my _. A. dis
13、agreement B. permission C. requirement D. suggestion 6. Although he explained this problem to us in great detail， his _ seemed unreasonable and couldnt convince us. A. explanation B. discussion C. communication D. education 7. He chose to stay in the company instead of going on business， which， I th
14、ink， is a sensible _. A. response B. request C. choice D. relaxation 8. The newcomer impresses us with his good sense of humor. So humorous is he that he makes a deep _ on us. A. possession B. impression C. collection D. addiction 9. My deskmate often _ me in improving my maths. With his assistance，
15、 I managed to catch up with my fellow students. A. assists B. prefers C. insists D. encourages 10. What he said made no sense. It was really _. A. useless B. meaningless C. homeless D. hopeless 11. The boy is very _. Because of his rude manners， he is often scolded by his parents. A. impolite B. pos
16、itive C. lively D. curious 12. James is very _. He tends to attack other kids and fight with them. A. strong B. aggressive C. gentle D. firm 13. A _ friend is someone you can always depend on. A. stable B. suitable C. reliable D. comfortable 14. We often team up with each other and by means of _，we
17、learn from and benefit from one another. A. co-operation B. performance C. competition D. entertainment 15. He has been away from his company for a few weeks for no reason. His _ surprises all the people who know him. A. attitude B. appearance C. presence D. absence 16. Im so glad to attend the conf
18、erence and its my great honor to be _ and make a speech. A. present B. different C. possible D. direct 17. Different people have their own intentions and ambitions. Some intend to take up business while others _ to go in for politics. A. happen B. lose C. stop D. mean 18. The teaching building is be
19、ing built. Thats to say， it is under _. A. leadership B. guidance C. discussion D. construction 19. He taught me how to rely on other _， particularly on my hearing. A. feelings B. organs C. skills D. senses 20. To keep fit， you should keep away from the _ foods， such as hamburgers， hot dogs and frie
20、d chicken， which are rich in fat. A. junk B. healthy C. delicious D. smelly 21. He has many _， such as listening to music， reading， dancing， etc， among which playing chess is his favorite. A. habits B. hobbies C. duties D. choices 22. _ like tables and chairs are necessary for daily uses in our home
21、s. A. Furniture B. Decorations C. Tools D. Materials 23. My mother likes keeping _ such as dogs and cats. A. fruits B. plants C. foods D. animals 24. Mary is a housewife and she has to do a lot of _ including cooking， washing， cleaning， etc. every day. A. homework B. housework C. exercises D. farmwo
22、rk 25. If you want to go shopping， you need to take some _ with you. You can take cash or credit cards， for example. A. money B. paper C. bags D. baskets 26. Hiking，jogging and swimming are beneficial _， which do good to our health. A. knowledge B. things C. sports D. work 27. Toms teacher constantl
23、y advises him to put his heart into studies. However， he always turns a deaf ear to his teachers _. A. tension B. worry C. order D. advice 28. Some students hold the view that its necessary for them to have a mobile phone， but in my view， a mobile phone is not a _ for middle school students. A. faul
24、t B. secret C. necessity D. pleasure 29. The weather is always changing. Unless you take good care of yourself， youre likely to catch a cold because of the _ weather. A. changeable B. enjoyable C. suitable D. comfortable 30. This kind of snake is _. It can kill a person in a minute. A. vital B. dead
25、ly C. frightened D. painful 31. She _ sadly. No matter how hard I tried to comfort her， she just kept crying. A. appeared B. wept C. shouted D. shared 32. Stress， in some way， does us good， because under a certain amount of _，we have more motivation（动力） to achieve what we want. A. investigation B. p
26、ressure C. guidance D. discussion 33. I wonder where he comes from. In other words， I want to know his _. A. history B. possibility C. nationality D. personality 34. The shop owner charged me a bit more， but later he gave the _， 3.5yuan， back to me. A. bag B. book C. paper D. change 35. My teacher a
27、dvises us to donate some money to Japan. I think it is a useful piece of _. A. plan B. advice C. donation D. idea 36. He was very lazy and spent little time on his studies. Last term，he failed all the exams due to his _. A. laziness B. failure C. business D. effects 37. The flight was put off by the
28、 thick fog and the passengers were impatient with the _. A. failure B. disappearance C. delay D. situation 38. On the plane， smoking is not _. However， drinking is permitted. A. attempted B. allowed C. protected D. requested 参考答案与解析 1. 由kind得知，答案选D。他很“友好”。根据原词复现解题。 2. 由forget得知，老人越来越“健忘”，故答案选A，根据原词复
29、现解题。forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。 3. 由appeared得知，答案选C。他突如其来的“出现”。 根据原词复现解题。 4. 由able得知，答案选D。我们佩服他的“能力”。 根据原词复现解题。 5. 由permit得知，答案选B。不经过我的“允许”。 根据原词复现解题。 6. 由explained得知，答案选A。他的“解释”没有道理。 根据原词复现解题。 7. 由chose得知，答案选C。他选择呆在家里是个明智的“选择”。 根据原词复现解题。 8. 由impresses得知，答案选B。他的幽默感给我留下了深刻的“印象”。 根据原词复现解题。 9. 由
30、assistance得知，答案选A。我同桌常常“帮助”我提高数学。 根据原词复现解题。 10. 由made no sense得知，答案选B。他的话“没有意义”。根据近义复现解题。 11. 由rude manners得知，那个男孩很“无礼”，故答案选A，根据近义复现解题。 12. 由attack和fight with得知，答案选B。James“有攻击性”。 根据近义复现解题。 13. 由depend on得知，答案选C。真正的朋友是“可靠的”。 根据近义复现解题。 14. 由team up with得知，答案选A。通过“合作”。 根据近义复现解题。 15. 由away得知，答案选D。他的“缺席”
31、出乎大家的意料。 根据近义复现解题。 16. 由attend得知，答案选A。“出席”并发表讲话很荣幸。 根据近义复现解题。 17. 由intend得知，答案选D。“打算”从政。 根据近义复现解题。 18. 由built得知，答案选D。教学楼在“构建”当中。 根据近义复现解题。 19. 选项中的senses包括hearing，因此选D。sense是上义词，hearing是下义词。根据上下义复现解题。 20. 选项中的junk food是上义词，包括下义词hamburgers， hot dogs and fried chicken，因此选A。根据上下义复现解题。 21. listening to
32、music， reading， dancing是下义词，hobby是上义词，因此选B。根据上下义关联解。 22. tables and chairs是furniture的一部分，因此选A。furniture是上义词，tables and chairs是下义词。根据上下义复现解题。 23. dogs and cats从属于animals，因此选D。animals是上义词，dogs and cats是下义词。根据上下义复现解题。 24. housework是上义词，包括cooking， washing， cleaning等下义词，因此选B。根据上下义关联解题。 25. money是上义词，cash
33、和credit cards是下义词，因此选A。根据上下义复现解题。 26. sports是上义词，包括hiking， jogging and swimming等下义词，因此选C。根据上下义关联解题。 27. 选项中的advice与advises是同源词，因此选D。根据原词复现解题。 28. 选项中的necessity与necessary是同源词，因此选C。根据原词复现解题。 29. 选项中的changeable与changing是同源词，因此选A。根据原词复现解题。 30. 由kill得知，蛇是“致命的”，因此选B。根据同义复现解题。 31. 选项中的wept与crying是同义词，因此选B。
34、根据同义复现解题。 32. 选项中的pressure与stress是同义词，因此选B。根据同义复现解题。 33. 选项中的nationality与come from是同义词，因此选C。根据同义复现解题。 34. 句中的3.5yuan是“零钱”，因此选D。根据同义复现解题。 35. 选项中的advice与advise是同源词，因此选B。根据原词复现解题。 36.句中的lazy与选项中的laziness是同源词，因此选A。根据原词复现解题。 37.句中的put off与选项中的delay是同义词，因此选C。根据同义复现解题。 38. 由However表转折可得知，该空要填的词与permitted是
35、同义词，故选B。根据同义复现解题。 第二部分 隐性关联导练 隐性线索，也就是通常所说的词语同现，是指一组词语，彼此之间有共同出现的倾向性，与文章的主题相关或与发展脉络相一致。常见的隐性线索有四种：语义场关联、修饰关联、结构关联和反义关联。语义场关联指的是有些单词出现在同一个话题或语境中，如：teacher， student， book， dormitory， canteen， lab， classroom， desk， chalk， teaching building， parent-teacher meeting等相关的词汇都是围绕school这个语义场展开的。修饰关联指的是词语之间的修饰与
36、被修饰的关系。这种关系一般是固定的。如：修饰audience或者population， 要用large或small，而不能用many或few。 热身练习 一、词汇联想 请根据左边的关键词，向右完成词汇扩展。 1. school： teachers， students， _. 2. hospital： doctor， _. 3. study： reading， _. 4. office： desks， _. 参考答案： 在“词汇联想”中，冒号后面的扩展词汇是围绕着关键词展开的。换言之，关键词提供了一个语义场，扩展的词汇都是与该场景有关。 1. books， classrooms， labs， t
37、eaching buildings， library， playgrounds， offices， dormitories， canteen， computer rooms. 2. nurses， patients， operations， medicine， drugs， diseases， ambulances， pain， cure， injury. 3. writing， listening， speaking， taking notes， having classes， taking exams. 4. computers， files， papers， books， printin
38、g machines， typewriters. 二、关系分析 请阅读下面的题目并分析句中粗体部分线索词（clue words）与划线词的关系。 1. She spoke clearly and everyone could hear her well. 2. Before boarding the plane， we have to check in. 3. Affected by her mother language， she has a very strong accent when she speaks French. 4. Only when we work hard can we
39、 have more chances to go to our ideal universities. 关系分析： 1.“听到”（hear）别人“说”（spoke）的话，speak和hear这两个词是围绕着“说话”这个语境展开的，因此它们是语义场关联。 2. 在“登机”（board the plane）前，我们要做的事情是“办理登记手续”（check in），因此它们是围绕着“坐飞机”这个场景展开的，因此它们也是语义场关联。 3. strong是形容词，修饰后面的名词accent，它们是修饰与被修饰的关系，因此它们有着修饰关联。a strong accent表示“口音很重”。 4. hard是
40、副词，“努力地”，修饰动词work，而idea是形容词，意为“理想的”，修饰名词universities，因此它们属于修饰关联。 解题方法 语义场关联和修饰关联是解答完形填空的重要策略。在解答完形填空的时候，要注意找对、找准句子或篇章中的关键词，并理清好它们之间的关系，这样才能快速锁定答案。请利用语义场策略解答以下题目： 1. Its a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful _， instead of the usual school uniform. A. shapes B. dresses
41、C. flowers D. pictures 分析：shoes“鞋子”，trousers“裤子”，school uniform“校服”，这三者都是围绕着“衣物”这个语义场展开的，因此只有B. dresses“连衣裙”最符合。 2. Though I had a lot of working experience and a Masters degree， I could not find_work. A. hard B. satisfying C. interesting D. legal 分析：根据修饰关联解题。根据句意：尽管“我”有着丰富的工作经验和硕士学位，但还是找不到“令人满意的”（s
42、atisfying）工作。satisfying在此修饰名词work。故答案选B。 3. “Why has my life become so hard？” I thought _ . A. hopefully B. suddenly C. painfully D. carelessly 分析：由上下文可知，painfully与hard照应，因此答案选C。painfully是副词修饰动词thought。 强化练习 请同学们运用上述所学到的词语的隐性关联策略来完成以下的练习，并说出是运用了哪种关联来解题。 1. The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt _ and had to use airsickness bags A. asleep B. enjoyable C. comfortable D. sick 2. I knew that such high-tech products were very expensive and I really didnt have enough _ to buy them. A. money B. time C. energy D. knowledge 3. My parents sent me to a _ school with the
