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1、定语从句【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1定语从句的功用和结构2关系代词和关系副词的功用3各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达也要用到定语从句。一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to th
2、e party?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province
3、sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语 Ill
4、 never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met a
5、t the gate？Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mention
6、ed yesterday.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. wh
7、ere 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后。如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was th
8、e room which we had lived in for ten years.五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况： 1) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 2) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the w
9、ater . 3) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twin . This is the best film that I have seen.4) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited . 5)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person
10、 that is standing at the gate . 6)关系代词在从句中做表语 He is not the man that he used to be .2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】 1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题) -Do
11、es the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2. (2004年常州市中考试题)The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的
12、选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。 4. (2004年益阳市中考试题) I hate people _ talk much but do lit
13、tle. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。【满分演练】 一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in tr
14、ouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which
15、6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your fami
16、ly. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which 11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. w
17、hose D. where 13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D
18、. when 二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is t
19、he hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The ma
20、n is a professor.三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. The house _ we live in is very big. 2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer. 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. 6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children. 9. Is this the place _ your father once lived? 10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.
