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1、新课标高考英语热点动词十五类 动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。我们通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下3种： 1变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。 2感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound appear, seem, look等。 3状态类表事物所处的
2、状态，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。 连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如： The mixture is tasted terrible.（误） The mixture tastes terrible（正） 【高考例题】(1) -Do you like the material? -Yes, it _ very soft. (NMET94) （西安分卷3） A. is feeling B. felt C.
3、 feels D. is felt (2) Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. (NMET 03) A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed (3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (04春季高考上海卷） A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to b
4、e seating (4) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car. (02高考北京卷） A. have B. get C. become D. turn (5) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already. (04天津卷） A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed (6) Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time
5、 to _ before the party. (04全国卷II) A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change (7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. (04湖北卷） A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared (8 )The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of natu
6、re. (04上海卷） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt (9) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. (02春上海卷）A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues (10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets
7、 D. makes二、感官动词类 常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。 1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。 I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it. When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football tea
8、m win. 2后接V-ing形式表伴随的动作。 Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3后接V-ed形式表被动意义。 After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a wor
9、d of it spoken. 【高考例题】 (1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (NMET 2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out (2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. ( NMET 03) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked (
10、3) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play (4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off. (NMET93) A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C .to steal D. stealing (5) He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocke
11、t of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting (04春北京卷） 三、使役动词类 表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况： 1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。 Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to. If you have any problems, just
12、let me know. 在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中. He was made to apologize to the guest. 2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. Why do you have him worrying about his lessons? 3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。 He didnt keep on asking me the time
13、until he had had his watch repaired. Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news. 【高考例题】 （1)Dont leave the waterwhile you brushyour teeth. (04天津卷） A. run B. running C. being run D. to run (2)Laws that punish parents for their childrens actionsagainst the laws get parents(04重庆卷） A. worried B. to
14、 worry C. worrying D. worry (3) -Why did you go back to the shop? -I left my friend _ there. (03春安徽内蒙古卷） A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits (4) It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (NMET91) A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned (5) -Good morning, can I help you? -Id like to have
15、 this package _，madam. A. be weighed B. weighing C. weighed D. to weigh (NMET89) (6) The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _(NMET91) A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard (7) As you have never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way. (94上海卷） A. show B. to show C. sho
16、wing D. showed (8) Paul doesnt have to be made _He always works hard. (NMET95) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning (9) A computer can do only what thinking people _(99上海卷） A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done (10) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing
17、 machine she had had _ went wrong. (98年上海卷） A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired四、含情感色彩的动词 这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动
18、词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-俄ed形式指人，V-ing形式则指事物。 The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. 【高考例题】 (1) Nick is looking for anoth
19、er job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss. (2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷） A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports (2) -Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious. -Mm, it does have a _ smell. (02春NMET ) A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. please
20、d; pleasant (3) Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (03春北京卷） A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring (4) It is believed that if a book is_, it will surely _ the reader. (03上海聋） A. interested; interest B. interesting；be interested C. interested；be intere
21、sting D. interesting; interest (5) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home _.(04春上海卷） A. being exhausted B. exhausted C. exhausting D. having exhausted五、后接不定式动词类 afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend
22、, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。 Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself. He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy. 【高考例题】 (1) We agreedhere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET95) A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met (2) Little Jim should love _ to the theatre th
23、is evening. (NMET92) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking (3) I dont know whether you happen，but Im going to study in the U S A this September. (04辽宁卷） A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard (4) She pretendedme when I passed by. (NMET89) A. not to see B. not seeing
24、 C. to not see D. having not seen (5) Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (01高考上海卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told六、后接V-ing形式动词类 该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep， mind, m
25、iss, practise, postpone, resist, risk, stand, suggest 等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如； I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind. Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan? Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English. 【高考例题】
26、 （1) I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling (2) While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96年上海卷） A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded (3) He has always insisted
27、 on his _ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. (92上海卷） A. been called B. called C. being called D. having called (4) I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. (04年上海卷） A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time (5) Do you mindalone at home? (94年上海卷） A. Jane
28、leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left (6) I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91) A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类 remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含
29、义不同。见下表：动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事 例如： I remember being pad, but Ive forgotten the exact amount. Please remember to send me
30、a photo of your son the next time you write to me. I dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards. 【高考例题】 （1）-The light in the office is still on. (NMET91) -Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off (2) -You were brave en
31、ough to raise objections at the meeting. (NMET95) -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done (3) She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cake. (97上海卷） A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned (4) -1 usually go there by train. (NMET92) -Why
32、 not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going (5) -Let me tell you something about the journalfists. -Dont you rememberme the story yesterday? (99年高考上海卷） A. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told (6) The library needs _, but Ill have to wait until Sun
33、day. (NMET92) A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. being cleaned D. clean (7) 1n some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. (02春上海卷） A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting (8) She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. (NMET90) A. resting
34、B. to have rested C. rested D. to rest (9) Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (NMET89) A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing （Key: BDADB RADA)八、进行时态表将来意义动词类 这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如： When are going off to for Shanghai? Mary as wel
35、l as her parents is leaving for California next month. 【高考例题】 (1) Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum. (01春NMET) A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken (2) -What were you doing when he came to see you? (89上海卷） -I had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend. A. leavin
36、g B. was left C. left D .was leaving (3) -What were you doing when Tony phoned you？ -I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. (04天津卷） A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 九、主动表被动动词类 英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况： 1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, r
37、ead, wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 2某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh重), act（上演）等。 The door wont
38、shut. This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to ones mind想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out姆发），belong to (属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching Eng
39、lish as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 【高考例题】 (1) The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. (04全国卷II) A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts (2) -Mummy, can I put the peaches in
40、the cupboard? (02北京卷） -No, dear. They dont _ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keep B. fit C. get D. last (3) Books of this kind _ well.（99上海卷） A. sell B. sells C. are sold D .is sold 十、虚拟语气动词类 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(
41、should)动词原形”。 The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules. The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year. 【高考例题】 (1) -How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays. -I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. (04福建
42、卷） A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest (2) Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. (94上海卷） A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has (3) _ sent to work here? (02上海卷） A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 十一、省略替代类 believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect,
