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1、新课标高考英语语法系列一 冠词考点攻略标纲解读1. 名词前不定冠词a,an的选用;2. 不用冠词的情况；3. 对冠词与主谓一致的考查；4. 定冠词与形容词、分词连用表一类人；5. 冠词与姓氏的连用；6. 有无冠词的意义及区别；7. 冠词与such., so, how, what等词的位置关系。命题规律1、五年高考考点分布考点年份泛指、类指特指、专指习语抽象名词具体化专有名词前的冠词问题及其它7570257112774228750084304合计3530203102、对冠词泛指、特指占多数；对习惯用法的考查是重点；冠词的活用是难点。3、学习关键: 弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词和不可数名词；弄清
2、泛指、特指、类指、专指概念。熟悉概念泛指：是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指：是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物。类指：是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。专指：是指类别中的一员或一部分具体事物。 a(n) 泛指单一、每一、任一事物 类指 上文提到过的人或事物单数 特指 被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物名词 说话双方所默认的人或事物 The 世界上独一无二的事物 专指 类指 上文提到过的人或事物特指 被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 The 说话双方所默认的人或事物复数名词和 专指不可数名词 泛指的人或事物零冠词 类指 考点突破考点1 冠词的特殊用法
3、1) It is surprise that as a government official you should go to church every Sunday like a common citizen. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; /2) One of the two brothers turned musician while the other became singer.待添加的隐藏文字内容2A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. /; a迷津指点1）抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的量化 像success, f
4、ailure, surprise, joy, disappointment, pride, shame, honour, curiosity等抽象名词可加不定冠词以具体化，指“的人或物”； 物质名词可加不定冠词或数量词以量化。如：The conference is a great success. The hostess offered me a coffee.2) 具体名词的抽象化 School, church, prison, hospital, bed, table, town等名词在表示上学、做礼拜、坐牢、住院、卧床、进餐、上街等含义时，所构成的短语中不加冠词；但若指具体的建筑物时，根
5、据具体的语境需要加适当的冠词或物主代词。如：in prison在坐牢 at table 在进餐 go to town 上街3）turn后跟可数名词单数表示变成了从事某种职业的人时，常不加冠词，若用become表此意时要加不定冠词；as或though引导的让步状语从句，提至句首的表语若是可数名词单数时，不加冠词。如：Child as/though my niece is, she can tell right from wrong. 4) man 意为人类，word意为消息时，其前不用冠词。如：Man is fighting a battle against pollution. Word ca
6、me that the two planes crashed.5) 表示打、抓住某人的某个部位时，常用hit/catch sb. +prep. +the +部位结构。Hit sb on the nose/ in the face; catch sb. by the arm/collar6) the +序数词表排序；a/an+序数词不表排序表示又一，再一。考点2 冠词的习惯搭配1) The police have power to arrest an ill man by law.A. the; / B. a; / C. /; / D. the; the2) Apples are sold by
7、 weight, and eggs are sold by dozen.A. /; the B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the迷津指点1) 当名词有后置定语时，其前多用定冠词表特指，但若名词后定语为下定义的句子或在后边限制的范围内有无数个同类的人或物，而只涉及其中一个时，要用不定冠词表泛指。如：The nobleman was struck by the beauty of the girl. A chemists shop is a shop where medicine is sold.2) 专有名词、表示月份和季节的名词前一般不加冠词，但有限制性定语修饰时，要
8、加定冠词表特指。如: The China of 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.This took place in the February of 2006.3) 有些不可数名词如knowledge, collection, understanding等是由其动词转化而来的，它们后面加of时，前面用不定冠词a/an.如：他的新书是一部短篇小说集。His new book is a collection of short stories.4）不含普通名词的纯专有名词前不用冠词如：Beijing, New York考点
9、3 冠词的位置1）不定冠词的特殊位置Quite/rather+a/an+adj+单数名词；what/such/half/+a/an+单数名词；rather/so/as/too/however/how+adj.+a/an+单数名词; many a/an+单数名词：许多; not/a/an+单数名词:不止一个。如:He is as great a man as ever lived. 他和从前的任何一个伟人一样伟大。This dress is twice as expensive as that one. 句型转换This dress is twice dress as that one.That
10、 was a quite extraordinary experience. That was experience. 2）定冠词的特殊位置在名词词组中，定冠词的位置一般放在最前面，但名词词组中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both, off等修饰语时，定冠词要放在这些词后面。如：相同的颜色exactly the same color 就是这个地方just the right place故事的一半 half the story 双倍的数量 double the amount考点4 常用短语中冠词的使用1）与不定冠词连用的习语。have
11、a gift for; keep a diary; once in a while; at a loss; all of a sudden; do sb a favor; with a score of; at a distance; have a population of; a waste of; a collection of; go on a diet; a matter of；tell a lie; get a lift/ride; have a cold; have a word with2) 定冠词用在某些固定词组中。make the most of; in the habit
12、of; not in the least; in the distance; on the whole; the other day; for the time being; on the phone; on the spot; to tell the truth; by the way; at the same time; in the daytime; in the end; in the way; at the moment; go to the cinema; on the other hand;3) 与零冠词连用的短语。Pen and ink; master and servant;
13、 at noon/dawn/ daybreak/dust/midnight/night; on second thoughts; come to light; take office; come to power; give birth to; in case of; come first; out of question/reach/breath/mind/control/ order; in use/danger/public/side by side/shoulder to shoulder/in place of/by law/ on board/ at war/every few d
14、ays/catch fire/for certain高考链接一 、 冠词1.（陕西卷6）What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize! A a; aB the ; aC a ; theD the; the 2.（浙江卷2）I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got rough idea of project plan.A. the; a B. 不填； the C. the；不填 D. a; the3.（重庆卷26）Washing machines made by Chi
15、na have won _worldwide attention and Haier has become _popular name.A. a; the B./;a C./;the D. the; a4.（北京卷33）The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a5.（全国卷II 14）What I need is _ book that contai
16、ns _ ABC of oil painting.A. a；不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the6.（四川卷14）In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the7.（全国卷I 22）Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D
17、. a; a8.（江西卷25）Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 9.（辽宁卷26）This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May.A不填; a B. a ; the C. the ; the D. the ; a冠词记忆口诀不定冠词用法口诀：名词是“秃子”， 常要戴帽子。 可数名词单， 须用a或an； 辅音前用a, 元音前用an；定冠词的用法口诀：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器。不使用冠词的口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
