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1、2011年高中英语时态、语态复习专题内容解读1高考考查的八种动词时态是：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现在进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；过去将来时。2容易混淆的三组动词时态是：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般过去时和过去完成时；过去完成时与现在完成时。3各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。能力解读1了解动词时态的时、态概念；2了解常考八种时态的基本用法并能够在真实的情景中恰当使用八种时态进行交际；3能够区别容易混淆的时态的用法；4掌握各种时态及含情态动词的被动语态的形式和应用；分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen, take place, occur, ex
2、ist 等，它们不能用被动语态； 分清主语与谓语之间的关系； 变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢； 熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况。时态的概念时态是一种动词形式，它是“时”和“态”的组合。表示动作发生的时间叫做“时”（Tense）；表示动作或状态所采取的方式叫做“态”。“时”有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分；“态”有 一般、进行、完成、完成进行之别。动词的动作可发生于四种不同的时间，表现四种不同的“态”，每一种 “时+态”就构成一种时态。所以英语动词共有（44）十六种时态，高中英语教学大纳中要求掌握的只有八种：
3、一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。一般态、进行态、完成态的含义一般态指经常性或习惯性的动作，或用以陈述客观事实而不涉及动作状态的动作。进行指一种正在进行的、持续性的、未完成的动作。完成则表示动作发生在某个时间以前，并且已经结束的动作。The teacher writes his own notes. （现在习续性动作）The teacher is writing his notes now. （暂时的还在进行的动作）The teacher has already writte
4、n his notes. （现在已经完成的动作）Xiao Wang comes late often. （现在经常性的动作）Xiao Wang is always coming late. （带有不满的色彩）I read a book yesterday evening. （在过去时间的动作）I was reading a book yesterday evening. （过去时间未完成的持续动作）I have read the book. （现在已经读完那本书了）命题特点1试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”（如状语从句、宾语从句等）转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景（对话形式占
5、有一定比例）多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真实情况。这样的情景设置实质上是对语法知识、语义理解和语言交际能力的综合考查，态现了高考试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变人命题原则。2题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐藏的”。3试题的设问多以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态来相互干扰。知识清单A.一般现在时 1 一般现在时的构成：主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es 2一般现在时的用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high sp
6、irits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp
7、. 我们八点整离开这里。 d. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 e. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆
8、满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉布什抵达莫斯科 B一般过去时 1 一般过去时的构成: 一般过去时是用动词的过去式来表示:did、was、were 肯定句：His words fetched a laugh from all present. 他的话使在场的人都笑了。 否定句：I did not sleep well last night. 我昨晚没睡好。 疑问句：Did you direct the tourist to the hotel? 你告诉这位游客去旅馆的路了吗？ 2一般过去时的用法 a. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态动，陈述客观事
9、实而不涉及动作状态且动作已结束。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 The engine stopped because the fuel was used up. 发动机因燃料用光而停机了。 注意： 在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。 【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说） 【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year. 去年我参观过故宫博物院。 【正】I have visited the Palace Museum. 我参观过
10、故宫博物院。 b. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。 He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood. 他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。 提示： 表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used to或would来表示。 She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three. 她上高三时经常学习到深夜。 He would sit
11、for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。 c. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作 We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 She told me she would not go if it rained the next day. 她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。 3一般现在时和一般过去时的比较 一般现在时要和现在时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。 His father is a film director. 他父亲是电影导演。（他
12、现在还是） His father was a film director. 他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是） How do you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说） How did you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说） C一般将来时 1 一般将来时的构成 一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称，在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“ll”，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shant 和wont。 肯定句：Ill go and
13、shut the door. 我去关门。 否定句：I can see youre busy, so I wont stay long. 我看得出你很忙，所以我不会呆太久的。疑问句：When will you know your exam results? 你什么时候能知道考试结果？ 2一般将来时的用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 I shall be free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。 Therell be no chemistry classes tomorrow. 明天没有化学课。 They will probably go to Shanghai for th
14、eir holiday. 他们可能去上海度假。 表示将要反复发生的动作 My uncle will come to see me every Saturday. 我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。 The students will have five English classes per week this term. 本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。 表示同意或答应做某事 That bag looks heavy. Ill help you with it. 这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。 I wont tell anyone what happened, I promise. 我保证不告诉别
15、人所发生的事。 表示临时决定做某事 I am sorry I forgot to post your letter, and Ill post it at once. 对不起，我忘记替你寄信了，我立刻就去寄。 3一般将来时的常考结构 用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中 Work hard and you will succeed. 如果你努力，就会成功的。 Go at once and you will see her. 马上去，你就会见到她了。 用与表示时间或条件的状语从句里 Ill let you know as soon as he arrives. 他一到我就通知你。 If yo
16、u ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他，他会帮助你的。 We shall go unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。 4将来时间的其他表达法 be going to + 动词原形：“be going to+ 动词原形”这一结构常用于口语中。 a. 表示决定或打算要做某事 Im going to buy a new coat this winter. 今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。 Are you going to play basketball after class? 下课后你去打篮球吗？ He is going to be a doct
17、or when he grows up. 他长大后要当医生。 What are you going to do today? 今天你打算做什么？ b. 表示有迹象即将要发生什么事 。重要考点。 Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。 The car is going to turn over. 汽车要翻了！ There is going to be a snowstorm. 将有一场暴风雪。 比较： “be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的区别 1be going t
18、o通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。 She is going to get better. 她的病要好了。（有恢复健康的迹象） She will get better. 她的病会好的。（认为最终会恢复健康的） 2will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的； be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。 George phoned while you were out. 你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。 Ok. Ill phone him back. 好的，我给他回电话。（临时决定） Matthew
19、phoned while you were out. 你外出的时候马修打电话来了。 Yes, I know. Im going to phone him back. 是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。（早有安排） 3表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall。 I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. 我觉得不舒服，我想我要生病了。 4be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。 If you are going to attend the meeting, youd bett
20、er leave now. 如果你要出席会议，你最好现在就动身。 be + 动词的-ing形式 “be + 动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。 He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days. 他几天后要动身去新疆。 I am d
21、ining out tonight. 今晚我将出去吃饭。 The plane is taking off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。 The old man is dying. 那位老人快要死了。 比较： “be + 动词的-ing形式”和“be going to + 动词原形”的异同 1表示按计划发生的动作时，两者可互换。 We are moving to a new flat tomorrow. 我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。 We are going to move to a new flat tomorrow. 我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。 2表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，
22、要用be going to，不用be+doing。 The car is going to turn over. 汽车要翻了！ There is going to be a snowstorm. 将有一场暴风雪。 3. be+doing的动词有限定，而be going to的动词无限定。 be + 动词不定式 这一结构中的be，只有现在式 (am, is, are) 和过去式 (was, were) 两种形式。 a. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The highway is to be open to traffic in May. 这条公路将在五月份通车。 Am I to take ov
23、er his work? 我是不是要接管他的工作？ b. 用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作 If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now. 如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话，那我们现在就得出发。 c. 表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。 You are to be back before 10 p.m. 你必须在10点前回来。 You are not to go out alone at night. 晚上你不能单独出去。 比较： “be + 动词不定式”与“be going to+ 动词原形”的区别 1“be g
24、oing to+ 动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be + 动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。 Im going to try my best to write this article well. 我将尽力把这篇文章写好。 Am I to wait here till their arrival? 我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗？ 2表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时，只用“be going to+ 动词原形”，不用“be + 动词不定式”。 Its going to rain. 天要下雨了。（不说Its to rain.） Rachel is going to
25、faint. 雷切尔要晕倒了。一般现在时 一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间，主要用法有： a. 表示由于日历或时刻表的规定而固定不变的或比较不易变更的将来时间发生的动作。 Tomorrow is Friday. 明天是星期五。 What time does the next train leave for Paris? 下一班开往巴黎的火车几点出发？ b. 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时间的动作或状态。 Ill give the book to you after I finish it. 我看完这本书就给你。 If he arrives, we must go and
26、meet him at the railway station. 如果他到了，我们就得到火车站去接他。 c. 在hope, suppose等后面的宾语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来动作或状态。 I hope all is well with him. 我希望他一切都好。 Suppse we go hiking tomorrow. 我们明天还是去远足吧。 D一般过去将来时 1一般过去将来时的构成： 一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成的。 He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴
27、黎。 They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier. 他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。 2一般过去将来时的用法： 一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态。 a. 一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中 He said they would arrange a party. 他说他们将安排一个晚会。 I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. 我问他是否来帮我修电视机。 b. 一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态If I had a
28、chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。清单2时态的基本构成形式：可归纳为：四态四时，一态对四时过去：did 一般过去时过将：would do 过去将来时一般态（do） 现在：do/does 一般现在时将来：will do 一般将来时过去：was/were doing 过去进行时过将：would be doing 过去将来进行时进行态（b
29、e doing） 现在：is/am/are doing 现在进行时将来：will be doing 一般将来进行时特例：现在完成进行态：have/has been doing过去：had done 过去完成时过将：would have done 虚拟语气中使用完成态（have done） 现在：have/has done 现在完成时将来：will have done 将来完成时所有时态的被动语态都是在be done的基础上，把be变成相应的时态。 一般现在时 be is/am/are done 一般过去时 be was/were done 现在进行时 be is/am/are being do
30、neBe done 过去进行时 be was/were being done 现在完成时 be have/has been done 过去完成时 be had been done 一般将来时 be will be done 过去将来时 be would be done 情态动词 be can be done突破方法1答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息。2解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路： 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有哪些？ 这个动作处于什么状态，是进行中，还是已结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？ 这
31、个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。小试牛刀1. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 2. I _ Ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. played B. will play C. have played D. play 3. Visitors _ not to touch
32、 the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 4. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 5. How are the team playing ? They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. go
33、t B. gets C. are D. were 6. You havent said a word about my new suit, Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 7. My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not
34、 marrying D. would marry 8. When will you come to see me, Dad ? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 16. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D.
35、 was broken 10. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 11. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned 12
36、. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 13. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 14. I _ while reading the English textbook. L
37、uckily, my roommate woke me up in time !A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 15. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached16. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half o
38、f it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed 17. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 18. All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C.
39、is encouraged D. are encouraged 19. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million. A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached 20. The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 21. Becau
40、se the shop _ , all the T shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 22. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 2
41、3. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 24. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. Oh, how nice ! Do you know when she _. A. was leaving B. had left C. has le
42、ft D. left 25. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (18741931) _ the world leading inventor for sixty years.A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 08年高考英语试题分类汇编：动词时态、语态01、(08全国卷I 27) Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time ? Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joined B. joins C.
43、had joined D. joined02、(08全国卷I 29) The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected03、(08全国卷II 11) If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining04、(08全国卷II 14) If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increas
