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1、高中英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名
2、词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： 专有名词 名词普通名词 个体名词 可数名词集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 不可数名词 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或
3、元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。 3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safe
4、s gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -m
5、en 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复
6、数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the
7、United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glass
8、es; two pairs of trousers等。 6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数） These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数） b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如： This factory produces steel.（不可数） We need various steels.（可数） c. 当物质名
9、词表示份数时，可数。例如： Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如： four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 1.5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会 students readi
10、ng-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车） arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-doze
11、n eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Itali
12、an two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a German two Germans 英国人 th
13、e English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。 2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。 3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如
14、：the title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。 5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。例如： Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence 1.8 练习 1. He was eager to make some extra money, since during these
15、years he could hardly live on his_. a little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages 2. Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war. a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes 3. The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year. a. many preparations b. much prep
16、aration c. preparations d. preparation 4. Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities. a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil 5. In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here. a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many 6. The large houses are being painted, but _. a. of great ex
17、pense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense 7. The room was small and contained far too _. a. much new furniture c. much new furnitures b. many new furniture d. many new furnitures 8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _. a. rooms
18、 number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers 9.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself. a great manymany c. mucha great deal b. a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many 10. She didnt know _ he had been given. a. how many information c. how many informatio
19、ns b. the number of information d. how much information 11. He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party. a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm 12. All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month. a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman d
20、octor 13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_. a. growns-ups c. growns-up b. grown-up d. grown-ups 14.The police investigated those _ about the accident. a. stander-by c. standers-by b. stander-bys d. standers-bys 15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp. a. prisoner-of-wars c.
21、prisoners-of-war b. prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war 16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately. a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels 17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. a. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress 1
22、8.All the people at the conference are _. a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b.mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers 19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance. a. some property c. properties b. some properties d. property 20.Physics _ with matte
23、r and motion. a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are 21.He has written several books, but his last works _ well known among his friends. a. have b. have been c. is d. are 22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days. a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-law b. father-in-la
24、w d. fathers-in-laws 23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party. a. many Jack friends c. many Jacks friend b. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks 24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner. a. barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers 25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at
25、_. a. Peter and Helens c. Peter and Helen b. Peter and Helens d. Peters and Helens 26._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy. a. The earths surface c. The surface of earth b. The surface earth d. The earth surface 27.Numerous materials are available to _. a. today of
26、designers c. todays of designers b. todays designers d. today designers 28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Dont you know he is an old friend of _? a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend 29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know. a. This Jo
27、hns old friend c. Thats Jahns old friend b. This old friend of John d. This old friend of Johns 30._ is too much for a little boy to carry. a.A bikes weight c. The weight of a bike b.The weights of a bike d. Biles weight 31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday. a.little
28、 b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of 32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were _ left. a.only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats 33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope. a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d.
29、A small mail 34.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there. a. a new equipment c. new equipments b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments 35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work. a.little improvement c. many improvements b. a little improvement d
30、. few improvements 36.Todays modern TV cameras require _ light as compared with the earlier models. a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little 37.No country can afford to neglect _. a.an education b. educations c. education d. the education 38.Please write the answers to the questions
31、 at the end of _. a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight 39._ is only surpassed by that of monkeys and apes. a.The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs b.The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent 40.All _ must take the graduate Management Admi
32、ssion Test. a. business student b. businesss students c. business students d. businesss student 41._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself. a.Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b.Three-minute call d. A three-minute call 42.The _ about nuclear energy
33、 revolves around the waste problem. a.publics chief concern c. chief public concern b.public chief concern d. chief concern of publics 43._ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad. a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chines
34、e were 44._ can get a better view of the game than the participants. a.Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons 45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who _ at the scene of the accidents within minutes. a. were b. have been c. was d. has been 46.Our livestock _ not as numer
35、ous as they used to be. a.is b. are c. be d. been 47.One of the most surprising things is that _ may come from petroleum. a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrows food b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrows food 48.Scott is an orphan but he received _. a.very good education c. a v
36、ery good education b.very good educations d. many good educations 49.After several days hardworking, we have made _ on the design. a. much improvement c. many improvement b. several improvements d. some improvement 50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _ yeste
37、rday. a.shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoess shop d. shoes 51.Eggs, though nourishing, have _ of fat content. a.large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount 52.He has done some _ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years. a.research b. a research c. researches d.
38、 the researches 53.Recently, he has lost all his _. a.wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at card b.wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards 54.The countrys wealth comes chiefly from its many _. a.herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles 55.In
39、Britain the _ are all painted red. a.letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letterss box 56.Ten years had passed. I found she had _. a.a little white hair c. a few white hair b.some white hair d. much white hair 57.All his _ far from satisfaction a. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is
40、d. conducts will be 58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _ was done. a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage 59.He was _ what to do. a. at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wits end d. at his witss end 60.Would you like to have a cup o
41、f tea and _ with me? a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow pieces of toasts 61.Accurate _ covering the fact are not obtainable. a. datum b. datums c. data d. datas 62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few _. a. how-are-yous c. how-are-yous b. of how-are-yous d.
42、of how are you 63.Albert said he met the girl _ a. at his uncles Smith room c. at his uncle Smiths room b. at Smiths his uncles room d. at the room of his uncles Smiths 64.It is four months since I last saw Keats _. a. at Mrt Smiths ,the book seller c. at my aunts, a book seller b. at my aunts, Mrs
43、Palmers d. at Mrs Palmers, the book sellers 65.This room is _. a. the editors-in-chiefs office c. the editor-in-chiefs office b. the editor-in-chief office d. the editors-in-chief office 66.My old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works at _. a. a teacher college c. a teachers college b. a teacherss college d
44、. a college of a teachers 67.The policemen put the criminal _. a. in a iron b. into a iron c. in irons d. into a pair of iron 68.Our teacher gave me _. a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice 69.My mother cut the cloth with _ scissors. a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of 70.My house is within _ from the railway station. a. a stones throw b. a throw of a stone c. stones throw d. the stones throw 附：介词练习 1. She is such an irritating woman, I dont know how you can _ her. a. put
