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1、高考英语阅读填空（7选5补缺题）解题指导阅读填空题详解分析分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的“积句而成章，积章而成篇。”就是这个道理。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一
2、种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只要层层入手，才能真正理解文章。例题例析根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Taking good notes is a ti
3、me-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classro
4、om discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.73The following methods may work best for you.Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.Carefully read the text an
5、d watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.Write your notes in your own words.74Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that
6、you use them all the time.75A. Use words, not complete sentences.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means
7、you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.71. G 72. E 73. F 74. A 75. D这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位，各段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构；第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学
8、生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记，都要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。阅读填空题的解题策略：1.理清句际间意义的关系文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系（章振邦，1985）。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握
9、语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。如2008年高考英语（宁夏卷）阅读理解新题型中，第一段的第一句“Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways”与下面几句是解释关系，解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证，使意思更加明了、具体。后三句之间是平列关系，平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。平列关系组合的语段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个
10、语段的意思。第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系，层递关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同与顺序关系，顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍，而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。第三句与第四句是解释关系，第一、二句组合为一个语段，第三、四句组合为另外一个语段，语段与语段之间是总分关系，总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应，彼此配合，使语脉清楚，条分缕析，如“Whenever or howe
11、ver you take notes”一句与前两句前呼后应，彼此配合，为前句选“E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. ”埋伏了一笔，逻辑性很强。第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系，而后列举的方法是平列关系。第四段的最后两句是转折关系，转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比或对照的意思。2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语 文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是承接关系（如so, ther
12、efore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等）、平列关系（如first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude等）、比如文章中的选项71，由Second、Third得知应选表示平列关系的句子G.项, 转折关系（如however, never
13、theless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise等）、如选项75与前句构成了转折关系,故应选D.项答案, 层递关系（如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition,
14、whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also等），如72 选项与前句组合为层递关系,故应选包含also的E.项句子,或者是解释关系,如73选项应选F.选项,与74选项平等的，是一组祈示句,而非陈述句,故应选A.项而非B项。总之，对一个语段或语篇的分析，可以按以下步骤进行：（1）通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。（2）根据标点符号确定有几个句子。（3）除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。（4）再分析各层次之间的关
15、系。（5）最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。实战演练1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。_71_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays.
16、The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _72_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _73_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing
17、 as you. _74 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages. At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best
18、clubs are always secret! Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them. 75 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it. So there you are, ge
19、t clubbing! Once you get started youll think of loads of more interesting things to do!A. Thats easy.B. Enjoy your own club!C. Invite a designer to join you.D. What are you interest in?E. Some vacation is just around the corner.F. Then you need to pick a name for your club.G. Use a bright thick pen
20、to make a special design.答案：71.E 72. D 73. A 74. F 75. G2 (16) People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want. When they work, they usually get paid in money.Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. (17) One of the first kinds of mon
21、ey was shells.Shells were not the only things used as money. In China, cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time. Elephant tusks, monkey tails and salt were used as money in parts of Africa.The first metal coins were made in China. They were round
22、and had a square hole in the centre. (18)Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. (19) Sweden and Russia used copper (铜) to make their money. Later some countries began to make coins of gold and silver.But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy so
23、mething expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. (20) The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today.Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.A. The first coins in England were made
24、of tin (锡).B. But people used to use all kinds of things as money.C. No one knows for certain when people began to use money.D. People strung (串连) them together and carried them from place to place.E. Money, as we know, is all made of paper.F. They began to use paper money.G. Today anyone will accep
25、t money in exchange for goods and services.答案：GBDAF3 (16) When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(迫使) by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. (17) Children often f
26、orm bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits, and sometimes become ruined by them. (18) Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in ea
27、rly life, such as early rising, honesty and thoroughness. Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. (19) Unfortunately older persons often form habits which ought to have been avoided. (20) A. There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are
28、 of great help.B. Whether good or not habit are, they are easy to get rid of.C. We ought to keep from all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will prove good for ourselves and others.D. Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.E. It is very important for us to know why we shoul
29、d get used to good habits.F. These are all easily formed habits.G. It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits.答案：DGAFC4根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achie
30、ve happiness?_71_. The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life. Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin
31、 to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. _72_. When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people dont allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the
32、circumstances back to their favor._73_. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness. 74 . Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance,
33、 you will be subconsciously (下意识地) putting yourself in a better mood.Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 75 .AWhat makes one person happy may be ve
34、ry different from what makes someone else happy.BOn the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.CBeing overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your moodDThese are important questions for anyone who is seeking happines
35、s to ask themselves.ESpend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.FThere are some tips in life that lead to happiness.GIts also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself. 答案: 71-75 DBEGC5根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。_71_ .Being a
36、ngry doesnt really solve much, but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm down and try to solve what is bothering you. This is hard for some kids and adults, too. Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcan
37、o!_72_ .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._73_Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their parents, break something , or even worse , hit the
38、ir brothers or sisters._74_ .However, its not OK for a kid to do any of those things .Kids dont want to act in this way , but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage. So what to do?Well, the good news is that kids dont just have to keep making the same mistakes over and over again._75_ .Imagi
39、ne your temper as a puppy inside you that needs some training. The puppy is not bad - it will probably turn out a great dog. It just needs to learn some rules because, right now, that puppy is causing some problems to you.A. You can train you temper.B. You dont want to cause trouble.C. Kids should b
40、e allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones.D. Everybody gets angry sometimes.E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.F. Instead of thinking of the person youre angry with, think of something else.G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some o
41、ther kids.答案：71-75 DGECA6根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a
42、good job?”_71_. There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by f
43、ar the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. _72_. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them.
44、 His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his
45、 place. _73_._74_. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum job
46、s（美差）. When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. _75_. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.AThis story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when
47、it presents itself.BPeople find jobs in an infinite number of ways.Cits almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapers DTake for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.EBut there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the com
48、panys faults.FHe spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved.GIt is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.答案：7175 BDFAE7根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 _71_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays. The first thing you
