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1、学习英语的重要方法是：反复读、反复听、反复理解、反复识记！（英语提高培训）八年级下知识点精讲精练（四）语法精析 直接引语和间接引语 （一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。如:
2、Tom said to me,” My brother is doing his homework.”-Tom _ me that his brother _ doing his homework. 2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化:根据意义进行相应的变化。如: She asked Jack, “Where have you been?” She asked Jack where _ _ been .He said, “These books are mine.” He said that _ books _ his. (二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为
3、原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。1.陈述句的间接引语 陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。 1)“I want the blue one.” he told us.“我想要蓝色的。” 他告诉我们。 -He told us that _ _ the blue one.他告诉我们他想要蓝色的。 2)She said to me, “You cant settle anything now.”她对我说 此刻你无法解决任何事情。” -She _ me that _couldnt settle anything then.她对我说那时候我无法解决任何事情。2
4、.疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态攀的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know.间接疑问句一般有三种: (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if引导。 如: a)“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?” Jim asked.“他在上海工作过吗?”吉姆问。 Jim asked whether/_ he _ ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 b)“Can you tell me t
5、he way to the hospital” The old man asked. 那个老人问:“你能告诉我去医院的路吗?” The old man asked _ I _ tell him the way to the hospital. 那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。 (2)特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如: Which room do you live in?” He asked me.“你住哪个房间?”他问我。 He asked me _ room I _ in.他问我住哪个房间。 “What do you think of the film” S
6、he asked.她问“你怎么看这部电影?” She asked her friend _ she _ of the film.她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3)选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether. . . or引导。 “Is it your bike or Toms?” Mum asked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的?” Mum asked _ it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 “Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢蓝
7、色的裙子还是绿色的?”凯特问。 Kate asked _ my sister liked blue dress or green ones.凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。 3.祈使句的间接引语 当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell, ask, order, beg, request等，而把直接祈使句变成带to 的不定式短语。 1)Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.“杰克说:“玛丽，明天请到我家来。” Jack _ Mary_ go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二
8、天到他家去。 2 )The teacher said to the students , “ Stop talking.” “老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。” The teacher _ the students _ stop talking，老师让学生们不要说话了。 3)“Dont touch anything. ” He said.“不要碰任何东西。” 他说。 He _ us not _ touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 直接引语变间接引语时动词时态和代词等的变动(1)某些代词、限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下: 直接引语 间接引语
9、2today that day now then， at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow she next day/the following day the day after tomorrow two days after/in two days next week/month etc. the next week/month etc. last week/month etc. the week/month before etc. here ther
10、e this that these thosecome go学习英语的重要方法是：反复读、反复听、反复理解、反复识记！(2)如果弓随动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态、代诃、限定词和表示时河或地点的副词不用变化。而如果弓!述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下: 现在时间推移到过去的时间，即一般现在时变为一般过去时; “I feel better today.”He said，“我今天感觉好多了。” 他说。 -He said that _ felt better _day.他说他那天感觉好多了。 现在进行时变为过去进行时；“Xiao Ming is doing some w
11、ashing.“Mum said.:“小明正在洗衣服。”妈妈说。 Mum said that Xiao Ming _doing some washing.妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。 语法专练 将下列直接引语变成间接引语。 1. He said that the moon _(travels/traveled) round the earth.2. Jack said he _(will/would) go to Shanghai the next day.3. Lana _ (says/said) she would have a surprise party for me.4. Could yo
12、u tell me _(that/where) we will have the meeting this aftenoon?5. May said she _ (can/could) speak Japanese.6. “I want to have an apple,”Polly says. Polly says that _ _ to have an apple.7. He said, “Does Tom leave?” He asked_ Tom _.8. The old man said,”Wheres the post office? The old man _ where the
13、 post office _.9. The teacher said, “Tom, come here.” The teacher _ Tom _ go there.10. The teacher told us, “The earth is round.” The teacher told us that the earth _ round.11.What do you want ?”my mother asked me. My mother asked me what _ _.12. The teacher asked Lisa, “Do you come from America?”Th
14、e teacher asked Lisa _ she _ from America.13. She asked, “When will we have a football match?” She asked _ they _ have a football match.14. She asked her grandpa,”Are you going to spend the holiday in Hainan or Beijing?” She asked her grandpa _ he _ going to spend the holiday in Hainan or Beijing.15
15、. Sally said, “I will be able to pass the end-of-year exam easily.” Sally said that _ _ be able to pass the end-of-year exam easily.16. “Why do you want to do my homework?” asked Lana. I asked Lana _ she _ to copy my homework.17. “I am watching TV.” Ben said. Ben _ me he _ watching TV.18. He said to
16、 Tom， “Sit down，please.” He _ Tom _sit down。19. He asked, “Does Mary come fbm Australia?” He asked _Mary_from Australia.20. My mother said to me, “I was born in 1953.” My mother _ me that _ was born in 1953.21. Mary asked,”Where do you work?” Mary asked me where _ _.22.Lanan said, “I am reading a st
17、ory-book.” Lana said that _ reading a story-book.知识点精讲精练1. be mad _(with)sb._sth.因某事生某人的气 be angry _ sb对某人生气；be angry _ what sb said; be angry _ sth 因某事生气eg. Lana said she wasnt _ _ Marcia any more. Dont get mad _me!2. not. . . anymore=_ _=not. any more不再 Tina graduated from( 毕业)school and she was_
18、a student _. A. no; anymore B. not; anymore C. not; no more D. no; some more not any longer= _ _ 3. pass sb the message=pass the message _ sb.向某人传递信息 _ a message留口信 ;_ a message捎口信 ; send a message发送信息 4. be supposed to do sth.=_ do sth.应当做某事 5. be _ good health=be well/fine=be healthy健康状况 良好 6. do
19、well in=be _ at在某方面做得好/擅长 We know that cats are good at _. A. flying B. climbing C. dancing D. shouting do better in=be_ at(比较级) be weak in=be bad _ 在方面差 6 have a hard time _ sth. / have a hard time in _(do) sth.做某事艰难 7. forget_ do sth.忘记做某事 ; forget _ sth.忘记做过某事Sorry, Mr Wang. I forget _the book to
20、 school. A. take B. bring C. to take D. to bring8.英语中有几个表示“带，拿”的动词。 (1) bring意思是“带来，拿来，取来”，指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来 .eg. Next time you come，_me that book please. My books are upstairs. Will you _ them down? (2) take意思是“带去，拿走”，和bring相反，指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带去或拿走。 eg. Well _ the students _ the middle school.
21、 Who _away todays newspaper? He _ my dictionary without asking. (3) get, fetch表示到某处去把某物找到并带来。 eg. Go and get(fetch) some water: Can you _ me some paper? (4)carry意思是“携带”“搬运”，即把某人带在身边或把某物带在身上，指随身携带,carry不说明带的方向。 eg. Let me _ this bag for you. 9. (1) exciting是形容词，意为“令人兴奋的”，表示事物本身使人兴奋。用于形容理智或感情方面影响他人的人或
22、事物，有主动的含义，句子主语一般是物，在句中可以作表语或定语。 eg. I have something _ to tell you. I saw an _movie last night. The book is so _ that everyone likes to read it. (2) excited是过去分词作形容词，意为“兴奋的、激动的”，含有被动意味，前面常常是表示人的词作句子主语，用来表示人的感受，在句子中通常作表语。常见结构:be excited at/about sth. be excited to do sth. He was very _after hearing t
23、he news. They were _ to get together. 类似的词有 interesting interested; relaxing relaxed10. 区分watch，see, read, look at watch指目不转睛地盯着看，一般说_ TV, _ a football game.see指看见某人物，可与film搭配。 read一般指看书，看报 _newspapers, _ books,_ magazines. look at一般加宾语_ _ the blackboard11 . (1) be good at意为“擅长”，=do well in，后接名词短语或动
24、名词。 eg. Shirley is good at playing volleyball.=Shirley _ _ _ playing volleyball. (2) be better at的用法 be better at是be good at的比较轰级，意为“更擅长”。 eg. Im better at math than English, In English, Im _ at reading than listening.在英语方面，比起听力来，我更拉长阅读。 Alice is _ at listening than reading. 12. 1)hope意为“希望”，后面可接不定式
25、或that从句。 eg. We hope we can see you again.=We hope _ _ you again. I hope you can help me with my maths. 2)- It will rain tomorrow. -I hope_.希望如此. (-I help _.我希望不会这样. )3 ) wish意为“想要”“希望”。wish接不定式，宾语+不定式或that从句。 eg. I wish to place an order right now. I wish him _(make) progress. wish 可表示良好的“祝愿”，后面接“宾
26、语+宾补(形容 词或名词)”，而hope 不能这样用。eg. I wish you happy.I wish you a pleasant journey. I hope you are in good health.我希望你身体健康。 be in good health 意思是“健康”“身体好” =be healthy=keep healthy(fit)=stay healthy(fit)eg. My grandpa is over 80 years old, but hes still_ good _. 反义 : be in poor (bad)healthy13.get nervous意
27、为 易激动的;感到紧张不安的 ，也可be nervous; feel nervous类似的有get/be/feel tired; get/be/feel excitedeg. I was tired after taking a long walk. They got excited to see him back. Jack got nervous when he failed the. exam. 14. have a hard time with sth ; have a hard time (in) doing sth have a good time with sth ; have
28、a good time (in) doing sth He has _ hard time _ the piano. A. a, playingB. /, playing C. a, to play D. /, play 2013南开中考试题II. 单项选择。（每小题1分，共20分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。21. I have _ great teacher . _ name is Mary Smith . A. a ; HisB. an ; SheC. a ; HerD. an ; He22. We should do s
29、omething for our mothers , not just _ Mothers Day . A. inB. onC. atD. by23. Im going to the supermarket to buy some _ this afternoon . A. newspaper and pencilB. apple and banana C. milk and eggsD. tomato and potato24. Tell him _ tomorrow , OK ? We cant do it without him . A. not to comeB. comeC. to
30、comeD. not come25. Your new bike looks pretty cool . Where can I get _ ? - At Yonghui Supermarket . A. itB. oneC. thatD. this26. Because of the P.E. test , we _ exercise every day . A. make takeB. were made takeC. make to takeD. are made to take27. Which basketball player do you like best , Kobe , J
31、ames , or Jordan ? - _ of them . Lin Shuhao is my favorite . A. AllB. EitherC. NoneD. Neither28. Mom , can I wear the dress I bought yesterday to school ? - No , you cant . You _ wear your uniform . A. mightB. mustC. willD. would29. The lights are still on . Linda , remember to _ when you leave the
32、room . A. turn it onB. turn off itC. turn them offD. turn on them30. Can you understand me ? - Sorry , I can _ understand what you said . A. nearlyB. hardlyC. clearlyD. easily31. Do you know that Hong Kong is a great place to go shopping ? - Yes . I _ there many times . A. have gone toB. have goneC.
33、 have been toD. have been32. If there are _ people driving , there will be _ air pollution . A. less ; lessB. fewer ; fewerC. less ; fewerD. fewer ; less33. Help yourself to some more fish , Lily . - _ A. Thanks . Ive had enough .B. Its my pleasure . C. Never mind .D. Youre welcome .34. Id like to s
34、tay at home for my vacation , because I _ good when Im with my family . A. smellB. soundC. feelD . taste35. Attention please . The plane will _ in five minutes . A. take outB. take afterC. take careD. take off36. It is said that _ young people may lose their abilities to hear after five years if the
35、y listen to MP4 players a lot . A. nine thousandsB. thousand ofC. thousandsD. thousands of37. What should we do if we see a traffic accident ? - We should _ . A. do our house3work fistB. buy some fruit right away C. do some readingD. call the police right away38. Mary , _ on your coat . Were ready t
36、o leave . A. putsB. putC. puttingD. to put39. If you smile at others , _ . A. neither do theyB. neither will theyC. so do theyD. so will they40. Li Na is a great tennis player . Do you know _ ? A. when did she begin to play tennis B. how many times has she won the first prize C. how often does she practice tennis D. how long she has been a tennis player5
