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1、1,WELCOME,语法复习课,被动语态,（Revision of the Passive Voice),2,单词接力赛,3,任务,复习重点:A.熟记结构B.明确用法难点C.熟练转换难点D.注意特例了解*E.注意区别了解*F.相关句型,4,1.被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词 的过去分词（pp）”。(不及物动词或不及物短语动词不可用于被动语态 这类动词有：happen（发生）,take place（发生）,break out（爆发）,die（死亡）,become（成为）,appear（出现）,disappear（消失）,last（持续）,set out（出发）等。),A.熟记结构,口诀:被
2、动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面.,Be动词的五种变化形式：原 形 be现在时 am,is,are 过去时 was,were现在分词 being过去分词 been,5,2.各种时态结构被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：was/were done现在进行时：am/is/are being done过去进行时：was/were being done现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：had been done一般将来时：shall/will be done;be g
3、oing to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must/have tobe done,He said the factory had been opened.他说这家工厂已经开张。,The pen has been used for several years.这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The work will be finished in three hours.工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be l
4、ooked after well.这孩子必须被好好照顾。,This book was written in 1969.这本书是1969年写成的。,The broken bike is being repaired now.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,He is regarded as a brilliant.他被认为很有才气。,6,3.例如：Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after school las
5、t night Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be CHas Dhave,（选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态）,（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）,（选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态),7,B明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩砍断的。The tree _ _ by that boy,歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
6、动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。,was cut,8,主动句,The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.,被动句,The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday.,主语,谓语,主语,状语,宾语,谓语,状语,介宾,1,2,3,步骤二,步骤一,步骤三,原宾变主主格变。,被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面.谓语动词break改为被动形式：be+过去分词。,原主变宾by后见（有时by短语可以省略）。,C熟练转换,9,教你一招,宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用,常见语态转
7、换（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。引入练习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucy bought some fruit.Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day.The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998?_ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?5.The f
8、armers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.小结：1、被动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定_ 是关键，_永不变。2、Be的时态由_确定；be的单/复数由_确定。3、问句提前_;否定_后加not.,was bought by,are watered by,Was,built,were,written by,arent grown,wasnt cleaned,be 形,过去分词,主
9、动时态,被动主语,be动词,be,(二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。引入练习2。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。1.You can do the work all by yourself.The work _ _ _ all by yourself.2.We must plant more trees.More trees _ _ _.3.We should dig a large hole.A large hole _ _ _.4.Can we put our bikes here?_ our bikes _ _ here?5.You mustnt throw rubbish here.R
10、ubbish _ _ _ here.6.We cant see many stars.Many stars _ _ _.小结：1.含情态动词的被动结构：_.2.疑问句提前_;否定句：_+not.,can be done,must be planted,should be dug,Can,be put,mustnt be thrown,cant be seen,情态动词+be(永远是原形)+过去分词,情态动词,情态动词,12,D注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语(sb)变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；将直接宾语(sth)变为主
11、语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。,13,提示(必背)a.把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词to的有：write,pass,give,lend,sell,show,hand等。b.把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词for的有：有make,buy,find,draw等。,14,练习例：1.Her mother gave her a new pen A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 2.She wrote us a letter.3.She made her son a pair of new shoe
12、s.4.He found Jim a seat.5.He bought me a computer.,A letter was written,to us.,was given to,A pair of new shoes was made,for,her son by her.,A seat was found,for Jim.,A computer was bought,for me.,15,2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake awa
13、y Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _（by her）,be taken good care of,16,动词短语的被动语态。改正下列转换中的错误：1.People often talk about the film.误：The film is often talked.正：2.Lily looked after the baby.误：The baby was looked by Lily.正：3.
14、We shouldnt give up the work.误：The work shouldnt be given.正：4.We cant work out the problem.误：The problem cant be worked.正：,The film is often talked about.,The baby was looked after by Lily.,The work shouldnt be given up.,The problem cant be worked out.,练习4,17,5.We must take good care of young trees.
15、误：Young trees must be taken good care.正：6.We must write to him.误：He must be written.正：小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时，不能丢掉其中的_。,Young trees must be taken good care of.,He must be written to.,介词或副词,18,3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lak
16、e yesterday（变被动语态）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt,C,was seen to,19,请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。引入练习5。1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day.The horses_ _ _ _ the whole
17、day.2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake.The twins _ _ _ _ _ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room.A mouse _ _ _ _ into the room.4.I often hear him sing English songs.He _ often _ _ _ English songs.5.I saw Lucy playing in the park just now.Lucy _ _ _ in the park just now.6.They watch
18、ed the children sing that morning.The children _ _ _ _ that morning.小结:1.主动语态中省略to的宾补在被动中应_.如以上 _题.2.其它形式的宾补在被动中_.如以上_题。,were made to work,are asked not to swim,was seen to run,is,heard to sing,was seen playing,were watched to sing,补上to,1、3、4、6,不变,2、5,20,了解*5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by
19、的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Who has broken the cup？By whom has the cup been broken？,21,了解*6有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。How sweet the music sounds!Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well,
20、easily时。The book sells well.(这本书销路很好。)The door will not open.(这扇门就是打不开。)This dress washes better.(这衣服较好洗。)The sign reads as follows.(这牌子告示如下。),22,了解*E注意区别 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him窗子
21、被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）,23,了解*F相关句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆
22、盖 2be made of由制作（发生物理变化）be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事 4It is said that据说 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that众所周知,24,例如：Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？YesIts _ Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in
23、 Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。_ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing,B,A,It is said,another,built,bridge,25,1.到了初三随着英语单词量的不断增加，难度的不断提高，有些学生对英语渐渐失去了学习的兴趣。以四人小组为单位用被动语态列举学习英语的重要
24、性，让他们好好学习。然后派代表说出讨论结果。并用被动语态写出一篇有知英语的重要性的作文.下面是一组学生的汇报：English is used as an international language.English is the most widely spoken.English is widely used for business.Half the worlds telephone calls are made in English.,Homework,26,2把下列句子变为被动句:1.They asked me to come a little later.I _ _ to come
25、a little later.2.Women often talk about food and clothes.Food and clothes _ often _ about by women.3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing?_this kind of truck _ in Nanjing?4.We must clean our teeth twice a day.Our teeth must _ _ twice a day.5.Can I answer this question in simple English?_this q
26、uestion _ _ in simple English?6.You may clean the room after work.The room may _ _ after work.7.We use brooms for sweeping the floor.Brooms_ _for sweeping the floor.8.They built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown last year.Quite a few tall buildings _ _ in their hometown last year.9.You mu
27、st not put the bike there.The bike _ _ _there.10.Can you see the stars in the daytime?Can the stars _ _in the daytime?,27,be,3.Fill in the missing words according to the passage.Several days ago a large tiger escaped from the zoo because it(1)_fed well.One morning the tiger was seen(2)_run into a sm
28、all forest near the city(3)_Some people.The people(4)_the police about it at once.They said that the tiger was very strong,but the animals around it(5)_not hit.The police warned people not to go out during the night.Tom was made not（6）_ go to school that day.The police(7)_ asked to find out the tige
29、r quickly and kill it.But the police said the tiger should(8)_ protected and well looked after if it was found out.In the evening a big net was put around the Forest by the police.Some sheep(9)_tied to the trees behind the net.When the sheep were heard(10)_ bleat,the hungry tiger ran out to catch th
30、em.At last the tiger was caught and it was(11)_back to the zoo.Now the tiger(12)_ taken good care(13)_.It must(14)_given the most food because it is the largest.,wasnt,to,by,told,were,to,were,be,were,to,taken,is,of,be,28,在下列情况下要使用被动语态：1.行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如：Football is played all over the wor
31、ld.2.不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如：我的自行车被盗了。3.汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时。如：据说，有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上，往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。4.汉语中含有“被、由”等词时。如：魏华是被林涛叫来的。,课外补充,It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.,Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.,My bike was stolen.,29,5.汉语中没有“被、由”等词，而在原
32、句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如：这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在“是”后面可以加上“由”）6.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如：He was born in October，1989.7.表示礼貌时。如：敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。,These songs are usually sung by boys.,You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m.tomorrow.,30,在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态：1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如：正：误：The story was happened
33、 in London.2.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。如：正：误：He is fitted very well by the shirt.3.某些“不及物动词介词”构成的短语动词，如listen to，walk into，fall off等，往往不使用被动语态。如：正：误：The room was walked into by him.4.祈使句一般没有被动语态。如：正：误：The blackboard is looked at by you.5.宾语和主语所指的对象相同时不能用于被动语态。如：正：误：Each
34、other must be helped by us.,The story happened in London.,The shirt fits him very well.,He walked into the room.,Look at the blackboard，please.,We must help each other.,31,6.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。如：正：误：The League was joined by him in 1998.7.动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如：正：误：To watch TV is like
35、d by them.正：误：Listening to the radio is enjoyed by him.8.主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时往往不使用被动语态。如：正：误：Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.9.由“动词名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。如：正：误：Faces are made by the boy in class.10.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。如：正：误：Yourself must be looked after.,He joined the League in 1998.,They like to watch TV.,He enjoys listening to the radio.,She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.,The boy make faces in class.,You must look after yourself.,32,谢谢光临指导!See you!,
