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1、中考英语语法,被动语态,教 学 目 标,基 础 知 识,一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。1.定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。,2.被动语态的构成：被字句：主语+be+动词过去分词(v-ed)+by sb.我打他 I beat him.(打过了)他被我打=他打被我 He was beaten by me.他喜欢她 He likes her.她喜欢被他 She is liked by him.(am/is/are).,被动语态的时态是由be动
2、词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。,学好被动语态的两个基础条件,一、每种时态的be动词形式。二、不规则动词。,主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1),主+am/is/are主+am/is/are+being主+will+be主+has been,He is a leader.He is being here.He will be a leader.He has been a leader.,主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2),主+was/were主+was/were+being主+would+be主+had been,He was a leader.He
3、 was being here just now.He would be a leader.He had been a leader several years ago.,被动语态:主+be+过去分词+(by sb),1.He eats the apple.2.He ate the apple.3.He is eating the apple.4.He was eating the apple.5.He will eat the apple.6.He would eat the apple.7.He has eaten the apple.8.He had eaten the apple.,1
4、.The apple is eaten by him.2.The apple was eaten by him.3.The apple is being eaten by him.4.The apple was being eaten by him.5.The apple will be eaten by him.6.The apple would be eaten by him.7.The apple has been eaten by him.8.The apple had been eaten by him.,三、情态动词的被动语态,他儿子一定照顾这个人。His son must tak
5、e care of the person.这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。The person must be taken care of by his son.含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+by sb.,1.You must do this as soon as possible.2.I can use it.3.You should buy a dictionary.4.She ought to clean her bedroom.5.They nee
6、d look after the little child.6.We can change water into ice.,1.This must be done as soon as possible(by you).2.It can be used.3.A dictionary should be bought(by you).4.Her bedroom ought to be cleaned.5.The little child need be looked after(by them).6.Water can be changed into ice.,提 高 知 识,一、是不是所有的动
7、词都有被动语态？1.所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。这类动词或短语如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die,end(vi.结束),fail,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart等。,(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：Fit合适,have,hold,marry结婚,own拥有,wish,cost值,notice
8、注意,watchagree with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in成功,suffer from受苦,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to属于,(3)系动词无被动语态：appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnIt sounds good.听起来很好。Tell me if you feel cold你要是感到冷就告诉我。,4)特殊结构：make sb.heard/unde
9、rstood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth.done(要某人做某事)。5)当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.,二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。常见的不及物动词有：apologize道歉 appear出现 arrive到达come来 go去 run跑 walk走 die死fall掉落 flow流淌 happen发生 ris
10、e升起stay停留 sit坐 lie躺 stand站 cry哭 swim游泳,基础练习题,()1.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found()2.English _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken()3.This English song_ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is ofte
11、n sang D.is often sung,()4.This kind of car _ in Japan.A.makes B.made C.is making D.is made()5New computers _ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used()6.Our room must _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep,()7.A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.i
12、s being built C.been built D.be building()8.The key _ on the table when I leave.A.was left B.will be left C.is left D.has been left()9.His new book_ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being publishedD.has been published,()10.The flowers_often.A.must be water B.must be watered C.must
13、 watered D.must waterAnswers:1-5 BDDDC 6-10 BBCAB,提高练习题,1.The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will rebuiltC.are going to be rebuilt D.are going to rebuilt2.The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A.is going to be shown B.will shownC.will show D.is shown,3.Now these mag
14、azines_ in the library for a long time.A.have kept B.are keeping C.have been keeping D.have been kept4.-Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry._.A.it sold B.its selling C.Its been sold D.it had been sold,5.These papers_yet.A.have not written B.have not been writtenC.has not written D.has not been writte
15、n6.The sports meet _ be held until next week.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt7.The books may_ for two weeks.A.be kept B.be borrowed C.keep D.borrow,8.The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A.can mend B.can mended C.can be mend D.can be mended9.Tea _ in the south of China.(多)A.grows B.is grown C.were grown
16、D.will grow10.Old people must _.A.look after wellB.be looked well afterC.looked well afterD.be looked after well,11.Newly-born babies_in hospital.A.are taken good careB.are taken good care ofC.take good care of D.take good care12.I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A.am given B.was
17、been giving C.had given D.was given13.She will_good care_.A.take;of B.be taken;of C.take;for you D.be taken;of you,14.The teacher made him_ his homework.A.to do B.do C.did D.done15.These children_dance.A.were seen to B.were seen for C.were seen D.saw to16.The bike _ 500 yuan.A.was cost B.costedC.cos
18、t D.is costed,17.The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A.was had B.was held C.held D.had18.Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A.took place to B.have taken place C.were taking place D.had taken place19.You cant use the computer,it_.A.was broken down B.is wrong C.is bad D.has
19、broken down,20.The medicine_in a dry and cool place.A.keep B.must keep C.must be kept D.must be keepAnwers:1-5 AADCB 6-10 BADBD11-15 BDBBA 16-20 CBDAC,三、被动语态与过去分词短语作后置定语。1.The cat is called Tom.(被动语态)2.There is a cat(called Tom)in the house.(过去分词短语作后置定语)3例：He called the man called John.4例：The develo
20、ped countries have developed over 200 years.,四：被动语态不要与表示状态句型混淆,类型一He is interested in the game.The game is made in China.类型二The door is closed.The door is closed by John.,练 习 题,1.Somebody_Jack phoned while you were out.A.to call B.calling C.being called D.called 2.These walls_stone.A.are made of B.m
21、ade of C.are made into D.made into3.Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A.called B.was asked C.told D.was said,4.The coat_her sister.A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to5.Please pass me another cup.This one_.A.is broken B.is breaking C.broke D.broken6.The boy_ is my fr
22、iend.A.is named John B.name JohnC.named John D.are named John,7.The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.A.are written B.were written C.are writing D.were writing8.The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.have written B.to be written C.being written D.written,9.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.boughtC.been bought D.buying10.The repairs cost a lot,but its money well _.A.to spend B.spentC.being spent D.spendingAnswers:1-5 DABCA 6-10 CBDBB,
