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1、Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year.恭贺新禧，万事如意。,Peace all year round.,Wishing you prosperity.,May all your wishes come true.,Safe trip wherever you go.,学习成功的六大因素,1.积极的学习心态2.勤奋刻苦的精神3.牢固的知识基础和全面的知识结构4.得当有效的学习方法5健康稳定并善于调整的心态6.极强的自学能力,句子成分和句子分类,2011年8月,预备知识点一：词类概述,一、句子成分,概述
2、：,组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,1.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语从句充当。,They are students.The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。To see is to believe.眼见为实。,1.说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般放 在主语的后面2.常用动词或动词词组充当,We study English.He is as
3、leep.You may go now.,1.是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动词或介词之后2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当,I like China.We study English.I play with him.,位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。,They are students.He is asleep.他睡着了。To see is to believe.,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,修饰限定名词或代词，说明该名词或代词的状态、品质、数量等。,1.用来修饰动词、形
4、容词和副词等的，表示事情发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、程度等等2.修饰动词时，位置在该动词前后均可；修饰形容词或副词，要放在它们之前,The little boy needs a blue pen.(形容词)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Two boys need two pens.（数词）两个男孩需要两支钢笔 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。（所有格）The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。（介词短语）The boy sitting under the tree is Tom.坐在树下的男孩是To
5、m.（分词短语）,He runs quickly.他跑地很快。She is very beautiful.她非常漂亮。I will go there tomorrow.我明天去那儿。He works in this factory.,（二）练习,说出下列划线部分单词或词组在句子中各充当什么成分,I dont like the picture on the wall.My brother hasnt done his homework.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.He broke a piece of glass.He wrote carefu
6、lly some letters to his friends.,主,谓语,宾语,定语,主语,谓语,谓语,谓语,形式主语,主,主,定语,宾语,宾语,状语,定语,宾语,表语,练习：将上四个例句变成否定陈述句。,二、句子的分类（按用途划分）：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,（一）陈述句：用来陈述一件事情，说明一个事实，表述说话 人的看法、和态度的句子。常用结构：主语+谓语+其它。句末通常是句号。1.Tom can speak good English.2.He is a student.3.I like football.4.Tom gets up early every day.,1.Tom c
7、an not speak good English.,2.He is not a student.,3.I dont like football.,4.Tom doesnt get up early every day.,.否定句注：1）半否定句:hardly,littleI hardly know anything about it.2）部分否定句与全否定句I dont like all the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary.3)否定转移I dont think it will be very cold today.(believe,expect,s
8、uppose,imagine),I、句子种类,（二）疑问句：用来提出问题。分为以下四类：,1.句首是be动词、助动词do或have(包括did/does,has/had)或情态动词，句末是问号。2.用yes 和no进行回答。,Are you Students?Do you like football?Can you speak English?Have you fininshed your work?,1.句首是疑问代词或疑问副词，句末是问号。直接对疑问代词或疑问副词进行回答2.常用结构：疑问词（在句中不充当主语）+一般疑问句；疑问词（在句中充当主语）+谓语+其它+？,What do you
9、like?你喜欢什么？Where is Tom?Tom在哪里？How can I help you?我怎样才能帮你？Who likes football?谁喜欢足球？,跟在陈述句后，对它所说的事实提出疑问。用Yes或no进行回答。,He is a student,isnt he?他是一个学生，不是吗？He doesnt like football,does he?他不喜欢足球，是吗？,以or连接提问的两个部分，以供选择。,Is he a student or a worker?他是学生还是工人？,将这四个一般疑问句变成陈述句：,You are students.,2.You like foot
10、ball.,3.You can speak English.,4.You have finished your work.,陈述句变一般疑问句方法：1.行为动词和除be动词以外的系动词，变一般疑问句直接在句首加do或does或did。2.be动词、助动词和情态动词变一般疑问句，直接将这些词提前。,（三）祈使句：用来表示命令或请求，说话的对象是第二人称you,但常常被省略。常用动词原形开头。否定祈使句在句首加dont,Sit down,please!请坐下！Give me a piece of paper!Dont waste your time!Lets go!,补充考点：祈使句的反义疑问句
11、1.肯定祈使句，反义疑问部分用will you或wont you Give me a piece of paper,will you?(或wont you?)2.否定祈使句，反义疑问部分只用will you?Dont waste your time,will you?,I、句子种类,1）带第二人称的祈使句You,call a taxi.Dont you forget it.(强调)Give me a hand,will/wont/would/wouldn you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again.Lets not say anything about it./Don
12、t lets say Let him be here by 10 oclock.,（1.How beautiful she is!）,2.What a clever boy he is!3.What clever students they are!4.What bad news it is!,1.How+,2.What+,形容词/副词,+主语,+谓语动词,+其它,名词或名词词组,+主语,+谓语动词,+其它,（四）感叹句：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感的句子。常用what或how（表多么）引导，句末用“！”。,可数名词单数、复数名词或不可数名词,感叹句练习：,用what或how 填空,How,W
13、hat,What,What,What,What,How,What,I、句子种类,5、THERE-BE存在句,There is a clock on the table.Once there lived a king called Lear.There goes the bell!Here comes the bus.There used to be a village at the foot of the mountain.There seems to be some misunderstanding.,二、句子的分类（按结构划分）：简单句、并列句和复合句,（一）简单句：句子里只有一个主谓结构
14、，且各个 成分都只由单词或短语构成。共有5种结构。,（二）并列句：用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子。并列连词有and,but,or,while等。,He is a student but he doesnt study hard.He likes football,while I like basketball.,努力学习你就会成功的，否则就会失败。,Study hard and you will succeed or you will fail.,（三）复合句：一个句子里又包含一个或多个句子充当成分的句子。大句子叫主句，充当成分、附属于大句子的句子叫从句。,I believe
15、 that you are right.2.I dont know where he lives.。3.What I want is a book.4.The boy who is sitting under the tree is Tom,GoodBye,1.Knowledge can change your fate and English can accomplish your dream,知识改变命运，英语成就梦想,2.Well begun is half done.3.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.,今日事今日毕。
16、,1.及物动词：后必须跟宾语 They study English.She eats an apple every day.We raise the flag every Monday.。,2.不及物动词：后需加介词才能跟宾语The flag rises.旗升起来了。Please stand up./Please come here.They listen to English every morning.,连系动词后跟表语。,助动词无特殊意义，帮助构成否定句、疑问句、正在进行时态、完成时态或被动语态等,常见助动词有be,do,haveWe dont like the film.（用于否定句）
17、Tom is doing his homework.（用于正在进行时态）He has finished his work.（用于完成时态）,情态动词后须跟动词原形。情态动词有will,can,may,must,need等You may go now.I would like to help you.,：be,become/turn(变得)，look(看起来)，,smell(闻起来),sound（听起来），feel（摸起来），taste（尝起来）等,She is beautiful./She is a student.His face turned red.Your coat looks nic
18、e.The music sounds beautiful.,be动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加not.,行为动词和除be动词以外的系动词，变否定形式要在其前加dont 或doesnt。,可单独使用,必须与行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语,行为动词 1.They study English.2.She eats an apple every day.3.The flag rises.4.They listen to English every morning.系动词 5.She is beautiful.6.Your coat looks nice.7.The music sounds
19、 beautiful.助动词 8.Tom is doing his homework.9.He has finished his work.情态动词 10.You may go now.11.I will be there on time.,将下列句子变成否定句。,提示：1.行为动词和除be动词以外的系动词，变否定形式要在其前加dont 或doesnt。2.be动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加not.,(studydont study),(eatsdoesnt eat),(risesdoesnt rise),(listen todont listen to),(isisnt),(l
20、ooksdoesnt look),(soundsdoesnt sound),(is doingis not doing),(has finishedhas not finished),(may gomay not go),(will bewill not be),行为动词 1.They study English.2.She eats an apple every day.3.The flag rises.4.They listen to English every morning.系动词 5.She is beautiful.6.Your coat looks nice.7.The musi
21、c sounds beautiful.助动词 8.Tom is doing his homework.9.He has finished his work.情态动词 10.You may go now.11.I will be there on time.,将下列句子变成一般疑问句,提示：1.行为动词和除be动词以外的系动词，变一般疑问句直接在句首加do或does或did。2.be动词、助动词和情态动词变一般疑问句，直接将这些词提前。.,Do they study English?,Does she eat an apple every day?,Does the flag rise?,Do
22、they listen to English every morning?,Is she beautiful?,Does your coat look nice?,Does the music sound beautiful?,Is Tom doing his homework?,Has he finished his work?,May you go now?,Will you be there on time?,练习：对下列句子划线部分提问。,提示：陈述句变特殊疑问句方法：1.对主语进行提问，直接用相应疑问词代替主语，其它都照写。2.对非主语部分进行提问，用相应疑问词代词该部分，并将其放在
23、句首，然后将剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。,Who goes to see his grandparents on Sundays?,Who(m)does Tom go to see on Sundays?,When does Tom go to see his grandparents?,选择填空：1.The weather _.wet and cold B.is wet and coldC.not wet and coldD.were wet and cold2.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet3.He got up
24、_ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter,5.The actor _at the age of 70.dead B.died C.dyed D.dead6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.We,us B.us,we C.We,our D.We,we7.He found the street much _.crowd B.crowdingC.crowded D.crowdedly,8.I think _necessary to learn
25、English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is9.The dog _ mad.looks B.is looked C.is being looked D.was looked10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.that B.when C.in which D.where,一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is calle
26、d Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；,三、选择填空：1.Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A.and
27、B.orC.ifD.so2.Its the third time that John has been late,_?A.hasnt heB.isnt he C.isnt itD.hasnt it3._ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A.HowB.WhatC.What aD.What an,A,C,A,4.Let us pass,_?A.shant weB.shall weC.wont weD.will you5.I suppose hes serious,_?A.do IB.dont IC.is heD.isnt he6.You had be
28、tter not smoke here,_?A.will youB.had you C.shall youD.have you,7.Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A.thenB.butC.and D.or8.Im sorry to have to say this,_ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A.andB.butC.so D.because9.John has not yet passed
29、the driving test,and _.A.Henry hasnt too B.Henry also has not either C.neither Henry has D.neither has Henry,10.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others enjoy swimming.A.orB.for C.whileD.so11.-Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?-Id like to
30、 go out.A.or B.andC.butD.so12.-“_ is the temperature today?”-“Its 38 degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.How hotD.How high,13.-Your uncle isnt an engineer,is he?-_.A.Yes,he isntB.No,he isntC.No,he isD.He is14._ friendly _ to everyone!A.How,is sheB.What,is sheC.How,she isD.What,she is15.Mary went to bed early,_ s
31、he felt very tired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet,英语国际音标表（48个）,元音（20个）长元音:/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音:/e/e/a/双元音:/e/a/辅音:p b t d k tr dr f v s z h m n l r j w,英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/e/e/a/双元音/e/a/辅音p b t d k tr dr f v s z hm n l r j w,1.Knowledge can change your fate and English can accomplish your dream,知识改变命运，英语成就梦想,2.Well begun is half done.3.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.,今日事今日毕。,
