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1、现在完成时讲解和它与一般过去时的区别,一、过去分词,1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：,(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stop
2、ped,drop-dropped-dropped,2、不规则动词：AAA型原型 过去式 过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast castAAB型 Beat beat beaten ABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came come,ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtABC型 begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke broken,现在完成时讲
3、解,一 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定),（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）M
4、ary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.,三has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别 Have/Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shangha
5、i for two months./since two months ago.,四现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以already,just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。,*以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has nev
6、er been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以so far（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。,She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。*for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去
7、 从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago 等;2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,五 瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go,leave,join）不能直接与for、since 连用。要改变动词buy-have borrow-keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave-be awaybegin-be on finish-be overopen-be open close-be clo
8、sed die-be dead,1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought)this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed)the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yest
9、erday.5、用wear代替put on,一般过去时与现在完成时用法比较,过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately,现在完成时的时间状语 fo
10、r,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。,Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调
11、起床的动作已发生过了。）Whohasnthandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已从巴黎回来了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回来了。,HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。),句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in19
12、60）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,现在完成时专练,A)选用have,has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_,
13、C)单项选择6.-Where have you _,Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone7.Her grandfather _ for two years.A.died B.has died C.has been deadD.has been died8.Its six weeks _ I met you last.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for,二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here sin
14、ce 2000.(对划线部分提问)_they been here?3、The old man _ last year.He for a year.(die)（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ for twenty years.,5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.,8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)_ 三、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？,
