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1、直接引语与间接引语,直接引语变间接引语,一、变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”：是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化.Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme”.Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.,“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称.,HesaidtoKate.“How
2、isyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.,“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.,二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时一般过去时态；She said:“I am a student.”She said(that)she was a student.2)一般将来时过去将来时 Shesaid,Hewillg
3、otoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tom said,“I am going to play basketball tomorrow.”Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.,二、如何变时态：3)现在进行时过去进行时；She said,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.,注意：以下几种情况时态 不变直接引语是客观真理。Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
4、”Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaround thesunearth.,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.,直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jacksaid he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或
5、习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,should,would,might）The doctor said,“You should stay in bed for 2 days.”The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.”和已经是过去时的形式时，例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto Petersaid.Youhadbetterco
6、meheretoday.PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.,三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore today变为 that day He said,”I want to go swimming now.”He said he wanted to go swimming then.地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，here 变 there The teacher said,“You should come here at 7:00.”The te
7、acher said I should go there at 7:00.指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”例：this改为that Hesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbook washis.,四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导 的宾语从句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句.Hesaid,Ca
8、nyouswim,John?“HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,Whatwas Jack doing when I come in?”Sheaskedme what Jack was
9、 doing when she came in.,直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。如：1.Dontmakeanynoise,the teachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Open the door,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopen the door.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）”如：Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.,
