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1、Grammar,现在完成时(Present perfect tense),现在完成时(Present perfect tense)(一)现在完成时的基本用法：1.表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。I have finished my work.We have set up many new factories.,2.动作发生在过去,强调对现在的结果、影响等。Have you ever seen the film“Harry Potter”?Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.,3.表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,甚至还可能继续下去,句中使用持续
2、性动词,且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。,We havent seen each other for ten years.Ive been an English teacher for about 20 years.,4.现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。e.g.Ill go home as soon as I have finished my homework.Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it.,(二)使用现在完成时的句型1)现在完成时+since+点时间状语(名词、短语、
3、从句,其中从句用一般过去时)2)现在完成时+for+段时间状语 3)It/This is the first/其他序数词/last time+that 从句中,从句使用现在完成时。,注意:在下面的句子中,主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：It is three years since I began to work on the farm.Its a long time since I saw you last.,现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过,与现在不发生联系,它可以与
4、表示过去的时间状语连用。,(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:,He has read that book.(说明他现在知道那本书的内容)He read that book last year.(只说明他去年读过那本书)He has gone to America.(他现在不在此地,在美国)He went to America.(只说明他去过美国),(四)终止性动词与延续性动词：1.终止性动词:表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常用的动词有:come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,reach,get,get up,join,marry,open,clo
5、se,give,lend,borrow,finish,break,see,hear,notice,find,understand,die 等。,2.延续性动词:表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的动词有:live,study,work,teach,stay,read,play,fly,talk,rain,eat,run等,1.-How are you today?-Oh,I _ as ill as I do today for a very long time.A.didnt feel B.wasnt feeling C.dont feel D.havent felt,Ex
6、ercises:,2.-_ David and Vicky _ married?-For about three years.A.How long have;been B.How long have;got C.How long were;being D.How long did;get,3.It is the third time you _ late this week.A.had arrived B.arrived C.have arrived D.are arriving4.-Did you enjoy your holiday?-Wonderful.It is years _ I e
7、njoyed myself so much.A.after B.when C.before D.since,5.When I was at college,I _ three foreign languages,but I _all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten,6.-Where _ the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.-I _ righ
8、t here.But now its gone.A.did you put;have put B.had you put;was putting C.have you put;put D.were you putting;have put,7.The price _,but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went down B.will go down C.was going down D.has gone down8.They are discussing the problem the whole afternoon,but they _ a de
9、cision so far.A.didnt reach B.wont arrive at C.havent come to D.all above,9.I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary.When and where _ you _ it?A.do;buy B.did;buy C.have;bought D.had;bought,10.I heard the peasants here _ very poor in the past.Yes,but there _ great changes in the past few years.A.w
10、ere;were B.have been;have been C.have been;were D.were;have been,moved,Complete the conversation.Use thepreset tense of the verbs in brackets,and for or since where appropriate.Mike:Hi,Kate.Kate:Hi,Mike.Mike:I havent seen your brother around for a long time._ he _(move)to a new neighborhood?,Has,Kat
11、e:No,he _ _(move)to a new country!He _ _(be)in Australia _ last year.Mike:Australia!Thats great country._ you ever _(be)there?,hasnt moved,has,been,since,Have,been,Kate:No,I _ never _(be)there,but I _ _(decide)to go later this year.Mike:Great!_ your brother _(send)you any photos _ he moved there?,have,have decided,Has,since,been,sent,Kate:Yes,in fact,I _ just _(receive)some.Here they are.This is his new house.He _ recently _(finish)decorating it.,received,has,finished,have,
